INFLUENCE OF TEMPERATURE ON INFILTRATION PROCESS OF LIQUID COPPER IN W SKELETON

2011 ◽  
Vol 25 (31) ◽  
pp. 4229-4232
Author(s):  
YANXIA BAI ◽  
SHUHUA LIANG ◽  
YANLONG WANG
Keyword(s):  
Transport Process ◽  
Liquid Copper ◽  
Molten Copper ◽  
Unsteady State ◽  
Infiltration Process ◽  
Liquid Infiltration ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Infiltration Processes

The effects of temperature on liquid infiltration of molten copper in W skeleton pores are investigated by numerical simulation. The unsteady state infiltration processes of molten copper in the same W skeleton pores are studied at the temperature of 1373K, 1473K and 1593K, respectively. The mobility of molten copper is affected by the temperature, which then lead to the different transport process. The infiltration velocity of molten copper in W solid is affected by viscosity, surface tension and contact angle of liquid copper, which indicates that higher temperature can accelerate the rate of the seepage. The velocity distribution drops down along the infiltration and displays parabolic trend along the position.

Temperature modulates the interaction between fungicide pollution and disease: evidence from a Daphnia-microparasitic yeast model

Parasitology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 145 (7) ◽  
pp. 939-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana P. Cuco ◽  
Bruno B. Castro ◽  
Fernando Gonçalves ◽  
Justyna Wolinska ◽  
Nelson Abrantes
Keyword(s):  
Model System ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Copper Exposure ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Two Temperatures ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
Parasite Challenge

AbstractTemperature is expected to modulate the responses of organisms to stress. Here, we aimed to assess the influence of temperature on the interaction between parasitism and fungicide contamination. Specifically, using the cladoceran Daphnia as a model system, we explored the isolated and interactive effects of parasite challenge (yeast Metschnikowia bicuspidata) and exposure to fungicides (copper sulphate and tebuconazole) at two temperatures (17 and 20 °C), in a fully factorial design. Confirming a previous study, M. bicuspidata infection and copper exposure caused independent effects on Daphnia life history, whereas infection was permanently suppressed with tebuconazole exposure. Here, we show that higher temperature generally increased the virulence of the parasite, with the hosts developing signs of infection earlier, reproducing less and dying at an earlier age. These effects were consistent across copper concentrations, whereas the joint effects of temperature (which enhanced the difference between non-infected and infected hosts) and the anti-parasitic action of tebuconazole resulted in a more pronounced parasite × tebuconazole interaction at the higher temperature. Thus, besides independently influencing parasite and contaminant effects, the temperature can act as a modulator of interactions between pollution and disease.

scholarly journals Achieving Efficient and Stable Deammonification at LowTemperatures—Experimental and Modeling Studies

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (13) ◽  
pp. 3961
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Hazmi ◽  
Xi Lu ◽  
Dominika Grubba ◽  
Joanna Majtacz ◽  
Przemysław Kowal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sequencing Batch Reactor ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Batch Reactor ◽  
Phase Changes ◽  
Intermittent Aeration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Mathematical Model ◽  
Positive Effect

The short-term effects of temperature on deammonification sludge were evaluated in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR). Mathematical modeling was used for further evaluations of different intermittent aeration strategies for achieving high and stable deammonification performance at decreasing temperatures. As for the biomass cultivated at high temperatures (e.g., 30 °C), a higher temperature dependency (the adjusted Arrhenius coefficient θ for 11–17 °C = 1.71 vs. θ for 17–30 °C = 1.12) on the specific anammox growth rates was found at lower temperatures (11–17 °C) in comparison with higher temperatures (17–30 °C). Further evaluations of recovering the nitrogen removal efficiency at decreasing temperatures with the mathematical model by modifying the intermittent aeration strategies (aeration frequency (F) and the ratio (R) between non-aerated (non-aer) phase and aerated (aer) phase durations) indicated that intermittent aeration with a prolonged non-aerated phase (e.g., R ≥ 4 regardless of F value) would help to maintain high and stable deammonification performance (~80%) at decreasing temperatures (14–22 °C). Extending the non-aerated phases (increasing R) and reducing the frequency (F) of off/on phase changes have a positive effect on increasing energy savings, leading to increasing interest in this method.

The Self-Decay Characteristics of Chlorine Dioxide in Water

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 296-299
Author(s):  
Xin Jie Li ◽  
Dan Nan Jiang ◽  
Yue Jun Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Pure Water ◽  
Decay Behaviour ◽  
Increase With Increase ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Lower Temperature ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Temperature Water

In order to learn the ClO2 decay behaviour in tap water, the kinetics of ClO2 decay in pure water was studied. Under the conditions of tap water treatment and keeping away from light, the effects of temperature and pH on ClO2 degradation were investigated. The results show that the ClO2 decay reaction in pure water is the first-order with respect to ClO2, the decay rate constants increase with increase in temperature or pH. At pH=6.87, the rate constants are 0.012h-1(15°C), 0.017h-1(25°C), 0.023h-1(35°C), and 0.029h-1(45°C), respectively. At 25°C, the rate constants are 0.0083h-1(pH=4.5), 0.0111h-1(pH=5.5), 0.0143h-1(pH=6.5), 0.0222h-1(pH=7.5), and 0.0351h-1(pH=8.5), respectively. The experimental data prove that ClO2 is more stable in acidic or lower temperature water than in neutral, alkalescent, or higher temperature water.

Self-Assembly of Alkali Lignin in Tetrahydrofuran

2012 ◽  
Vol 550-553 ◽  
pp. 57-61
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Yong Hong Deng ◽  
Kai Huang
Keyword(s):  
Charge Transfer ◽  
Electrostatic Interaction ◽  
Self Assembly ◽  
The Self ◽  
Charge Transfer Complexes ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Alkali Lignin ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Alkali lignin (AL) was used as a polyanion to form layer-by-layer self-assembled film with PDAC as a polycation. The effects of temperature and concentration on the adsorption characteristics of AL were investigated. Iodine was added into AL solutions to study the role of π-π interaction in self-assembly of AL and PDAC. Results show that the self-assembly of AL/PDAC is mainly driven by π-π interaction and electrostatic interaction. A higher temperature or a larger concentration can enhance the aggregation of lignin. I2 can form lignin–iodine charge–transfer complexes with AL to reduce the degree of aggregation of AL, so the adsorbed amount of AL decreases significantly with increasing iodine contents.

scholarly journals Temperature-Induced Changes in Reperfused Stroke: Inflammatory and Thrombolytic Biomarkers

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2108
Author(s):  
Paulo Ávila-Gómez ◽  
Pablo Hervella ◽  
Andrés Da Silva-Candal ◽  
María Pérez-Mato ◽  
Manuel Rodríguez-Yáñez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Temperature ◽  
Clot Lysis ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Poor Outcomes ◽  
Induced Changes

Although hyperthermia is associated with poor outcomes in ischaemic stroke (IS), some studies indicate that high body temperature may benefit reperfusion therapies. We assessed the association of temperature with effective reperfusion (defined as a reduction of ≥8 points in the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) within the first 24 h) and poor outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) > 2) in 875 retrospectively-included IS patients. We also studied the influence of temperature on thrombolytic (cellular fibronectin (cFn); matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)) and inflammatory biomarkers (tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6)) and their relationship with effective reperfusion. Our results showed that a higher temperature at 24 but not 6 h after stroke was associated with failed reperfusion (OR: 0.373, p = 0.001), poor outcome (OR: 2.190, p = 0.005) and higher IL-6 levels (OR: 0.958, p < 0.0001). Temperature at 6 h was associated with higher MMP-9 levels (R = 0.697; p < 0.0001) and effective reperfusion, although this last association disappeared after adjusting for confounding factors (OR: 1.178, p = 0.166). Our results suggest that body temperature > 37.5 °C at 24 h, but not at 6 h after stroke, is correlated with reperfusion failure, poor clinical outcome, and infarct size. Mild hyperthermia (36.5–37.5 °C) in the first 6 h window might benefit drug reperfusion therapies by promoting clot lysis.

The influence of temperature on the tension developed in an isometric twitch

1951 ◽  
Vol 138 (892) ◽  
pp. 349-354 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Early Stage ◽  
Muscular Contraction ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Maximum Tension ◽  
Velocity Of Shortening ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Isometric Twitch ◽  
The One

In muscular contraction the development of tension requires that the contractile component should shorten and stretch the series elastic component. In an isometric twitch the maximum tension is reached as a balance between two opposing processes, internal shortening on the one hand and decay of the active state (relaxation) on the other. The fact that the maximum tension in a twitch is considerably less than in a tetanus has been attributed to oncoming relaxation allowing insufficient time for internal shortening to be completed. The maximum tension in a twitch is considerably reduced by a rise of temperature, while that in a tetanus is somewhat increased. This would require that the temperature coefficient of the velocity of shortening should be substantially less than that of the decay of activity. Evidence for this exists. On this view the effect of a quick stretch, applied during the early stage of a twitch, in increasing the tension ratio, stretch/isometric, should be much greater at a higher temperature. This expectation is confirmed on frogs’ muscles over the range 0 to 20°C. The effect of temperature, therefore, on the size of a twitch can be attributed to the difference between the temperature coefficients of velocity of shortening and rate of relaxation.

Influence of Temperature on the Hydration Heat of Polymer Modified Mortars

2013 ◽  
Vol 687 ◽  
pp. 130-135
Author(s):  
Si Feng Liu ◽  
Si Jun Guo ◽  
Pei Ming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Cement Mortar ◽  
Ethylene Vinyl Acetate ◽  
Hydration Heat ◽  
Influence Of Temperature ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Isothermal Calorimeter

The hydration heat of polymer modified mortar were measured at 5°C、10°C、20°C and 40°C using Multi-channel Isothermal calorimeter. The effects of temperature on hydration heat of polymer modified mortars with 0.1% methyl hydroxylpropyl cellulose (MHPC), 3% ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) and 0.1%MHPC+3%EVA were investigated. The curves of hydration heat show that the polymer reduces the hydration heat of mortars and it is related to the temperature. The effects will be more and more remarkable with the increasing of temperature; Temperature also affects the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortars. The exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar at low temperature is almost equal to that of the ordinary cement mortar. However, it is obviously lower than that of ordinary cement mortar at high temperature ; The time to the exothermic rate peak of polymer modified mortar is also related to the temperature.

Influence of temperature on the hatch of Heterodera avenae Woll. populations from Algeria

Nematology ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aïssa Mokabli ◽  
Jean-Pierre Gauthier ◽  
Roger Rivoal ◽  
Sylvie Valette
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Seasonal Temperature ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
The Times ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Two Populations

AbstractTwo Algerian populations of Heterodera avenae originating from Oued Smar in a sub-humid coastal plain and from Tiaret in an inland semi-arid plain were subjected to different temperature treatments and juvenile emergence evaluated. These populations were compared with two populations, Fr1 and Fr4 from southern and northen France, respectively, which represent two ecotypes with respect to hatching cycles in response to temperature. The two Algerian populations hatched over a wide range of constant temperatures (3 to 25°C) but differed in the times at which juveniles emerged from the cysts. Simulation of seasonal temperature variations (from summer to autumn or winter and, conversely, from winter to spring or summer) demonstrated diapause in these two populations, induced by higher temperature (20 and 25°C) treatments and broken subsequently by lower temperatures (3 and 7°C). Both Algerian populations of H. avenae represent the Mediterranean ecotype, with biological variations that may represent regional adaptations to more or less severe climatic conditions.

Larval growth in three sympatric Ambystoma salamander species: species differences and the effects of temperature

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 1043-1047 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Hubert Keen ◽  
Joseph Travis ◽  
John Juilianna
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Predator Avoidance ◽  
Species Differences ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Ambystoma Tigrinum ◽  
Close Proximity ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Behavioral Mechanisms ◽  
Salamander Species

Differences in the larval growth of three Ambystoma salamander species that breed in close proximity to each other in space and time in north Florida were investigated under standardized regimes of controlled food levels and temperature. The order of species growth rates was as follows: Ambystoma tigrinum > A. talpoideum > A. opacum. This order is exactly the reverse of the order in which the species breed. Growth of A. talpoideum larvae was strongly dependent on temperature, whereas A. opacum larval growth was only weakly affected by temperature. Based on these growth rate differences, it is unlikely that A. talpoideum larvae could survive to metamorphosis without special behavioral mechanisms for predator avoidance in habitats with the rapidly growing predatory A. tigrinum larvae. Furthermore, A. opacum larvae would be favored in their growth over those of A. talpoideum at low temperature, while the reverse would be true at higher temperature.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON THE STABILITY OF PROTONEUTRON STARS WITH HYPERONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 1250008 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZI YU ◽  
WENBO DING ◽  
NINGNING LIU ◽  
QING LUO
Keyword(s):  
Mean Field Theory ◽  
Mean Field ◽  
Mass Range ◽  
Relativistic Mean Field ◽  
Sn 1987A ◽  
Higher Temperature ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Protoneutron Stars ◽  
Protoneutron Star

In the framework of the relativistic mean field theory, the stability of thermal protoneutron stars is investigated. There is a highest possible temperature for a stable protoneutron star. A stable protoneutron star may be a metastable one if its mass is too large. As the temperature increases, the metastable mass range of protoneutron stars narrows. With the increase of temperature, the probability that a stable protoneutron star is a metastable one increases. A really stable protoneutron star with higher temperature can contain more species of hyperons. The case of SN 1987A is analyzed connected with the results in this article.

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