Influence of Temperature on Energy Utilization of Embryonic and Prolarval Tautog, Tautoga onitis

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-442 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey C. Laurence
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Normal Metabolism ◽  
Weight Method ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Critical Timing

When daily energy budgets were calculated by two methods for tautog, Tautoga onitis, from fertilization to complete yolk absorption at three temperatures (16, 19, and 22 C), neither method indicated a deficiency of yolk energy for growth and metabolism prior to exogenous feeding capability. Deficits were indicated on the day of feeding capability at all temperatures by the oxygen consumption method, the more precise but less inclusive of the two. The dry weight method, which gave the more conservative estimates, indicated no deficit for the entire period of yolk absorption at 16 C, a deficit one day after feeding capability at 19 C, and a deficit on the day of feeding capability at 22 C.Regression analysis of oxygen consumption indicated that 22 C may be in the upper temperature limits for normal metabolism by embryonic and prolarval tautog. Yolk utilization efficiencies and postlarval size at complete yolk absorption tended to be inversely related to temperature. The ecological implications and the effects of temperature on the critical timing involved in the interactions of feeding capability, availability of prey and occurrence of energy deficits are discussed.

Comparative Bioenergetics of Diploid and Triploid Pacific Oysters Crassostreas gigas at Different Temperatures

2014 ◽  
Vol 989-994 ◽  
pp. 1033-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Li ◽  
Zhi Min Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Metabolism ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Gonadal Development ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Pacific Oysters ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Temperatures

The energy budgets, assimilation and conversion efficiency of 1-year-old-triploid Pacific oysters Crassostreagigas, were compared with those of sibling diploids to clarify the mechanism of energy metabolism. No significant difference was found between diploids and triploids in oxygen consumption. The net growth efficiencies of triploids and diploids were 37.4% and 33.9% respectively, and the gross growth efficiencies of them were 28.8% and 22.7%. The influence of ploidy and temperature on K1 was significant, but the variation of K2 may be attributable to ambient temperature. The ratio of gonad dry weight and dry tissue of triploids was 5%on average, and diploids about 25.6%. Our results showed that triploids, which do not reproduce and only have limited gonadal development, spend more energy for growth and more efficient in using energy than diploids do.

Effects of Temperature on Utilization of Yolk by Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Eggs and Alevins

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 184-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Heming
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Metabolic Energy ◽  
Energy Deficit ◽  
Fish Eggs ◽  
Yolk Utilization ◽  
Yolk Absorption ◽  
Effects Of Temperature

Growth, development and survival of chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) during the yolk absorption period (fertilization to complete yolk absorption) were examined at 6, 8, 10, and 12 °C. Higher rearing temperatures reduced both the duration of the yolk absorption period and the overall amount of energy available for tissue growth during that period. Salmon encountered a metabolic energy deficit before yolk reserves were exhausted; tissues were resorbed during absorption of the last 10 mg (dry weight) of yolk. Salmon held above 10 °C experienced reduced survival, hatched and emerged precociously, and were smaller at hatching, at emergence, at maximum tissue weight and at complete yolk absorption than fish at lower temperatures.Key words: temperature, yolk utilization, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, fish eggs, alevins

The energy requirements of metamorphosis of the greater wax moth, Galleria mellonella (L.)

1972 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara J. Moon ◽  
Thomas H. Carefoot
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Instar Larva ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Budgets ◽  
Greater Wax Moth ◽  
Calorific Content ◽  
Wax Moth

Energy budgets calculated for the period of metamorphosis of 16 female Galleria mellonella showed a range in deviation from the balanced condition of−23% to + 22%. The oxygen consumption of Galleria, measured as one component of the energy budget, was 2.9 μl O2/mg per hour for final-instar larvae of 249–275 mg in weight [Formula: see text] and 2.1 μl O2/mg per hour for adults of 67–136 mg in weight [Formula: see text]. The calorific content increased from 6446 cal/g dry weight in the final-instar larva to 6711 cal/g dry weight in the adult. The "rejecta" of metamorphosis, including cocoon (combined with larval faeces, shed adult scales, and adult excreta), pupal case, and larval remnants (shed larval skin), had comparatively low calorific values (4462, 4847, and 4933 cal/dry g, respectively), and constituted only 12% of the total energy accounted for during metamorphosis.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

scholarly journals Metabolism of the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis from two origins in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain)

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (5) ◽  
pp. 865-872 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose M.F. Babarro ◽  
María José Fernández-Reiriz ◽  
Uxío Labarta
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Rocky Shore ◽  
Mytilus Galloprovincialis ◽  
Excretion Rate ◽  
Ammonia Excretion ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
North West ◽  
Cultivation Period ◽  
Seed Origin ◽  
Ammonia Excretion Rate

Mussel seed Mytilus galloprovincialis (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from two origins (rocky shore and collector ropes) was cultivated on a raft in the Ría de Arousa (north-west Spain), from seeding to thinning out, for 226 d (November 1995–July 1996) and two aspects of metabolism, oxygen consumption rate (VO2) and ammonia excretion rate (VNH4-N) were studied in situ.The model derived from multiple analysis of oxygen consumption accounted for 91.9% of the variance, based on dry weight of the mussels and the environmental factors quality of food (organic content) and mainly chlorophyll-a. Seed origin also showed significant influence. The seasonal pattern of the oxygen consumption can be attributed mainly to the variation of chlorophyll-a, which showed a higher range of values in the spring months.Origin of seed did not show a homogeneous effect on oxygen consumption throughout the cultivation period. Collector rope mussels showed higher oxygen consumption values at the beginning of the cultivation period and after the first 15 d, but the rocky shore mussels showed a higher oxygen consumption between days 22 and 110. Energy-conserving patterns and lower condition index at the onset of the experiment for rocky shore mussels could explain these initial differences.Multiple analysis on the variation of ammonia excretion rate provided a model that accounted for 72.6% of the variance based on dry weight of mussels, seed origin and the environmental parameters chlorophyll-a and total particulate matter. The rocky shore mussels showed a significantly higher excretion values for most of the cultivation period, although there was no constant tendency throughout. High excretion values were recorded between January and March, whilst for the rest of the cultivation period values were low.The O:N index was higher in collector rope mussels for most of the cultivation period, which may suggest a more favourable energy metabolism and/or a more appropriate nutritional state for these specimens.

The Oxygen Consumption of an Echiuroid, Bonellia Viridis Rolando

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 427-434
Author(s):  
A. E. BRAFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Muscular Activity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Body Region ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption

1. The oxygen consumption of the echiuroid Bonellia viridis has been investigated by means of a continuous-flow polarographic respirometer. 2. The general rate of oxygen consumption per unit dry weight is similar to that characteristic of polychaetes, and declines exponentially with increasing body size. 3. The rate of oxygen consumption rises in the light and falls again if darkness is restored. 4. The oxygen consumption of the isolated proboscis plus that of the isolated body region corresponds closely to that of the entire animal. 5. The oxygen consumption per unit dry weight of the proboscis is considerably higher than that of the body region. 6. The oxygen consumption of an isolated body region increases in the presence of light, but that of an isolated proboscis does not. 7. These findings are discussed in relation to the biology of the animal, observed muscular activity, and the occurrence of the pigment bonellin.

The Relation of Oxygen Consumption to Body Size and to Temperature in the Larvae of Chironomus Riparius Meigen

1958 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-395
Author(s):  
R. W. EDWARDS
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Larval Instar ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Rate Of Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Wet Weight

1. The oxygen consumption rates of 3rd- and 4th-instar larvae of Chironomus riparius have been measured at 10 and 20° C. using a constant-volume respirometer. 2. The oxygen consumption is approximately proportional to the 0.7 power of the dry weight: it is not proportional to the estimated surface area. 3. This relationship between oxygen consumption and dry weight is the same at 10 and at 20° C.. 4. The rate of oxygen consumption at 20° C. is greater than at 10° C. by a factor of 2.6. 5. During growth the percentage of dry matter of 4th-instar larvae increases from 10 to 16 and the specific gravity from 1.030 to 1.043. 6. The change in the dry weight/wet weight ratio during the 4 larval instar supports the theory of heterauxesis. 7. At 20° C., ‘summer’ larvae respire faster than ‘winter’ larvae.

The Energy-Sources in Ontogenesis

1927 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-42
Author(s):  
JOSEPH NEEDHAM
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Inorganic Substance ◽  
Absorption Intensity ◽  
Dry Substance

1. The percentage growth-rate curves for carbohydrate and protein in the chick enbryo have been determined and compared with those already in the literature for the percentage growth-rates of the whole embryo, the dry substance, the fat, and the calorific value. 2. The composition of the embryo in gm. per cent, of dry weight has been calculated and an ontogenetic succession of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, has been brought to light. These three cell-constituents are at their highest levels in the embryo at 4, 11 and 20 days of incubation respectively. This may be correlated with the succession of maximum intensities of combustion, which have the same order (about 5,8.5 and about 18 days). 3. By comparing the curves for absorption-intensity with those representing the constitution of the embryo, it has been possible to trace the passage of building-materials from the yolk and white into the embryo and to analyse still further the movements of the fat and carbohydrate fractions. 4. The concentration of the carbohydrate and protein in the water of the embryonic body has been calculated and compared with a curve already in existence for fat. 5. The curve for intensity of absorption of total foodstuff has been calculated from the results of chemical analyses. It agrees as well as can be expected at present with that calculated from the oxygen consumption and the increase of dry substance in the embryo. 6. The ratio Carbohydrate : Protein decreases during development, thus falling into line with the ratios Water : Solid, Inorganic Substance : Organic Substance, and Protein : Fat. Certain speculations arising out of these facts are discussed. 7. There is a relation of simultaneity between the combustion of carbohydrate, protein, and fat, and the part these types of molecule play in the constitution of the whole embryo.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document