scholarly journals Mechanisms of sex differences in exercise capacity

2019 ◽  
Vol 316 (6) ◽  
pp. R832-R838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Oydanich ◽  
Denis Babici ◽  
Jie Zhang ◽  
Nicole Rynecki ◽  
Dorothy E. Vatner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain ◽  
Exercise Capacity ◽  
Heavy Chain ◽  
Type I ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Sex differences are an important component of National Institutes of Health rigor. The goal of this investigation was to test the hypothesis that female mice have greater exercise capacity than male mice, and that it is due to estrogen, nitric oxide, and myosin heavy chain expression. Female C57BL6/J wild-type mice exhibited greater ( P < 0.05) maximal exercise capacity for running distance (489 ± 15 m) than age-matched male counterparts (318 ± 15 m), as well as 20% greater work to exhaustion. When matched for weight or muscle mass, females still maintained greater exercise capacity than males. Increased type I and decreased type II myosin heavy chain fibers in the soleus muscle from females are consistent with fatigue resistance and better endurance in females compared with males. After ovariectomy, female mice no longer demonstrated enhanced exercise, and treatment of male mice with estrogen resulted in exercise capacity similar to that of intact females (485 ± 37 m). Nitric oxide synthase, a downstream target of estrogen, exhibited higher activity in female mice compared with male mice, P < 0.05, whereas ovariectomized females exhibited nitric oxide synthase levels similar to males. Nitric oxide synthase activity also increased in males treated with chronic estrogen to levels of intact females. Nitric oxide synthase blockade with Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester eliminated the sex differences in exercise capacity. Thus estrogen, nitric oxide, and myosin heavy chain expression are important mechanisms mediating the enhanced exercise performance in females.

scholarly journals Latent Sex Differences in CaMKII-nNOS Signaling That Underlie Antidepressant-Like Effects of Yueju-Ganmaidazao Decoction in the Hippocampus

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Yin ◽  
Shiyu Qian ◽  
Yifan Chen ◽  
Yan Sun ◽  
Yuqiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Preference Test ◽  
Chronic Administration ◽  
Guanosine Monophosphate ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Immobility Time ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Previous studies have demonstrated that Yueju-Ganmaidazao (YG) decoction induces rapid antidepressant-like effects, and the antidepressant response is mostly dependent on the suppression of nitric oxide-cyclic guanosine monophosphate signaling in male mice. This study aimed to investigate the sex difference mediated by calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)-neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) signaling involved in the antidepressant-like effect of YG in mice. We found that the immobility times in the tail suspension test (TST) were found to be decreased after the single injection of YG in male and female mice with the same dosage. Additionally, chronic administration for 4 days of subthreshold dosage of YG and escitalopram (ES) also significantly decreased the immobility time in mice of both sexes. Chronic subthreshold dosage of YG and ES in LPS-treated mice and in chronic unpredictable stress (CUS) mice both decreased the immobility time, which was increased by stress. Meanwhile, in CUS-treated mice, sucrose preference test, forced swimming test, and open field test were applied to further confirm the antidepressant-like effects of YG and ES. Moreover, CUS significantly decreased the expression of nNOS and CaMKII, and both YG and ES could enhance the expression in the hippocampus of female mice, which was opposite to that in male mice, while endothelial nitric oxide synthase expression was not affected by stress or drug treatment neither in male mice nor in female mice. Finally, subthreshold dosage of YG combined with 7-nitroindazole (nNOS inhibitor) induced the antidepressant-like effects both in female and in male mice, while the single use of YG or 7-NI did not display any effect. However, pretreatment with KN-93 (CaMKII inhibitor) only blocked the antidepressant-like effect of high-dosage YG in female mice. Meanwhile, in CUS mice, chronic stress caused NR1 overexpression and inhibited cAMP response element binding protein action, which were both reversed by YG and ES in male and female mice, implying that YG and ES produced the same antidepressant-like effect in mice of both sexes. The study revealed that chronic treatment with a subthreshold dose of YG also produced antidepressant-like effects in female mice, and these effects depended on the regulation of the CaMKII-nNOS signaling pathway.

scholarly journals Estrous cycle influences the expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase in the hypothalamus and limbic system of female mice

2009 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Sica ◽  
Mariangela Martini ◽  
Carla Viglietti-Panzica ◽  
GianCarlo Panzica
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Estrous Cycle ◽  
Limbic System ◽  
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Female Mice ◽  
Oxide Synthase

scholarly journals Neuronal nitric oxide synthase and calbindin delineate sex differences in the developing hypothalamus and preoptic area

2007 ◽  
Vol 67 (10) ◽  
pp. 1371-1381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Edelmann ◽  
Cory Wolfe ◽  
Elka M. Scordalakes ◽  
Emilie F. Rissman ◽  
Stuart Tobet
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Preoptic Area ◽  
Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent nitric oxide synthase type I: a biopteroflavoprotein with calcium/calmodulin-independent diaphorase and reductase activities

Biochemistry ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 31 (12) ◽  
pp. 3243-3249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harald H. H. W. Schmidt ◽  
R. M. Smith ◽  
M. Nakane ◽  
Ferid Murad
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Calcium Calmodulin Dependent ◽  
Oxide Synthase

scholarly journals Elimination of Aggressive Behavior in Male Mice Lacking Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase

1999 ◽  
Vol 19 (19) ◽  
pp. RC30-RC30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Lance J. Kriegsfeld ◽  
Seth Blackshaw ◽  
Paul Huang ◽  
Stephen C. Gammie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Aggressive Behavior ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Endothelial Nitric Oxide

Nitric oxide synthase type I and type III gene expression are developmentally regulated in rat lung

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. L635-L641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. North ◽  
R. A. Star ◽  
T. S. Brannon ◽  
K. Ujiie ◽  
L. B. Wells ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Fetal Lung ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
Type I ◽  
Fetal Life ◽  
Rat Lung ◽  
Developmentally Regulated ◽  
Oxide Synthase

The successful transition from fetal to neonatal life involves a marked decline in pulmonary vascular resistance which is modulated in part by endothelium-derived nitric oxide. To define the molecular processes which prepare the pulmonary circulation for nitric oxide mediation of vasodilatation at the time of birth, we determined the ontogeny of endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS-III) gene expression in lungs from fetal and newborn rats. Maturational changes in lung neuronal NOS (NOS-I) expression were also investigated; the latter isoform has been localized to rat bronchiolar epithelium. NOS proteins were examined by immunoblot analysis, and mRNA abundance was assessed in reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays. Both NOS-III and NOS-I protein were detectable in 16-day fetal lung, they increased 3.8- and 3.1-fold, respectively, to maximal levels at 20 days of gestation (term = 22 day), and they fell postnatally (1-5 days). In parallel with the findings for NOS-III protein, NOS-III mRNA increased from 16 to 20 days gestation and fell after birth. In contrast, NOS-I mRNA abundance declined during late fetal life and rose postnatally. These findings were confirmed by Northern analyses. Thus NOS-III and NOS-I gene expression are developmentally regulated in rat lung, with maximal NOS-III and NOS-I protein present near term. The regulation of pulmonary NOS-III may primarily involve alterations in transcription or mRNA stability, whereas NOS-I expression in the maturing lung may also be mediated by additional posttranscriptional processes.

Testosterone production in mice lacking inducible nitric oxide synthase expression is sensitive to restraint stress

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (2) ◽  
pp. E615-E620 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben A. Weissman ◽  
Chantal M. Sottas ◽  
Ping Zhou ◽  
Costantino Iadecola ◽  
Matthew P. Hardy
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Restraint Stress ◽  
Immobilization Stress ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Basal Plasma ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

Immobilization stress (IMO) induces a rapid increase in glucocorticoid secretion [in rodents, corticosterone CORT)] and this is associated with decreased circulating testosterone (T) levels. Nitric oxide (NO), a reactive free radical and neurotransmitter, has been reported to be produced at higher rates in tissues such as brain during stress. The biosynthesis of T is also known to be dramatically suppressed by NO. Specifically, the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was directly implicated in this suppression. To assess the respective roles of CORT and NO in stress-mediated inhibition of T production, adult wild-type (WT) and inducible nitric oxide synthase knockout (iNOS−/−) male mice were evaluated. Animals of each genotype were assigned to either basal control or 3-h IMO groups. Basal plasma and testicular T levels were equivalent in both genotypes, whereas testicular weights of mutant mice were significantly higher compared with WT animals. Exposure to 3-h IMO increased plasma CORT and decreased T concentrations in mice of both genotypes. Testicular T levels were also affected by stress in WT and mutant males, being sharply reduced in both genotypes. However, the concentrations of nitrite and nitrate, the stable metabolites of NO measured in testicular extracts, did not differ between control and stressed WT and iNOS−/− mice. These results support the hypothesis that CORT, but not NO, is a plausible candidate to mediate rapid stress-induced suppression of Leydig cell steroidogenesis.

scholarly journals Mechanisms of Reduced Striatal NMDA Excitotoxicity in Type I Nitric Oxide Synthase Knock-Out Mice

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6908-6917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cenk Ayata ◽  
Gamze Ayata ◽  
Hideaki Hara ◽  
Russel T. Matthews ◽  
M. Flint Beal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Type I ◽  
Knock Out ◽  
Knock Out Mice ◽  
Oxide Synthase
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