Disparate effects of feeding on core body and adipose tissue temperatures in animals selectively bred for Nervous or Calm temperament

In addition to homeostatic regulation of body mass, nonhomeostatic factors impact on energy balance. Herein we describe effects of temperament on adipose and core body temperatures in sheep. Animals were genetically selected for Nervous or Calm traits. We characterized the effects of 1) high- and low-energy intake and maintenance feeding, 2) meal anticipation, and 3) adrenocorticotropin challenge on core body and adipose temperatures. Temperature measurements (5 min) were made using a thermistor inserted into the carotid artery (core body) and a probe in the retroperitoneal fat. An imposed feeding window was used to establish postprandial elevations in temperature. Fat tissue was taken from retroperitoneal and subcutaneous regions for real-time PCR analyses. We demonstrate that innate differences in temperament impact on adipose and core body temperatures in response to various dietary and evocative stimuli. In response to homeostatic cues (low-energy intake and maintenance feeding) core body temperature tended to be higher in Calm compared with Nervous animals. In contrast, in response to nonhomeostatic cues, Nervous animals had higher anticipatory thermogenic responses than Calm animals. Expression of uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 and -2 mRNA were higher in retroperitoneal tissue than in subcutaneous tissue, but UCP3 and leptin mRNA levels were similar at both sites; expression of these genes was similar in Nervous and Calm animals. There were no differences in stress responsiveness. We conclude that temperament differentially influences adipose thermogenesis and the regulation of core body temperature in responses to both homeostatic and nonhomeostatic stimuli.

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Food Intake and Core Body Temperature of Pups and Adults in a db Mouse Line Deficient in the Long Form of the Leptin Receptor without Misty Mutation

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2018/9670871 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Wijang Pralampita Pulong ◽

Miharu Ushikai ◽

Emi Arimura ◽

Masaharu Abe ◽

Hiroaki Kawaguchi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Food Intake ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Leptin Receptor ◽

Uncoupling Protein ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Mrna Levels ◽

Mouse Line ◽

Brown Adipose ◽

Long Form ◽

Core Body

Different involvement of leptin signaling in food intake (FI) and body temperature (BT) in pups and adults has been suggested. However, the leptin receptor (Lepr) long-form-deficient (db) mouse line has not been fully examined in pups. In the most available db mouse line, wild-type (WT) mice have a mutation in the dedicator of cytokinesis 7 gene, named misty, which was recently revealed to be involved in neuronal development. Therefore, we established a line of db mice without the misty mutation using natural mating. Adult (8 weeks of age) homozygous db/db mice displayed significantly higher core body weight (BW) and FI and significantly lower core BT than WT mice. However, postnatal (2 weeks of age) db/db mice displayed similar BW and milk intake and significantly lower core BT than WT mice. Correspondingly, adult and postnatal db/db mice exhibited altered mRNA levels of hypothalamic orexigenic and anorexigenic peptide in adults but not in pups. Additionally, db/db mice displayed significantly lower mRNA levels of brown adipose tissue uncoupling protein 1 at both ages. In conclusion, the db mouse line without the misty mutation clearly showed the different involvements of the Lepr long form in FI and BT in pups and adults.

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Cooling Core Body Temperature May Slow Down Neurodegeneration

CNS Spectrums ◽

10.1017/s1092852900028479 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 227-229 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Alen J. Salerian ◽

Nansen G. Saleri

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Caloric Restriction ◽

Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽

Therapeutic Potential ◽

Human Subjects ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Aging Effects ◽

Potential Influence ◽

Core Body

ABSTRACTReduction of core body temperature has been proposed to contribute to the increased lifespan and the anti-aging effects conferred by caloric restriction in mice and higher primates. Cooler biologically compatible core body temperatures have also been hypothesized to combat neurodegenerative disorders. Yet, validation of these hypotheses has been difficult until recently, when it demonstrated that transgenic mice engineered to have chronic low core body temperature have longer lifespan independent of alteration in diet or caloric restriction. This article reviews the literature and highlights the potential influence of core body temperature's governing role on aging and in the pathophysiology of neurodegenerative disorders in humans. What makes recent findings more significant for humans is the existence of several methods to lower and maintain low core body temperatures in human subjects. The therapeutic potential of “cooler people” may also raise the possibility that this could reverse the adverse-health consequences of elevations in core body temperature.

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Energy intake and the circadian rhythm of core body temperature in sheep

Physiological Reports ◽

10.1002/phy2.118 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 1 (5) ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Shane K. Maloney ◽

Leith C. R. Meyer ◽

D. Blache ◽

A. Fuller

Keyword(s):

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Energy Intake ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Core Body

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Postmortem body temperatures in the minke whale, Balaenoptera acutorostrata

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z90-020 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 68 (1) ◽

pp. 140-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Dag Vongraven ◽

Morten Ekker ◽

Arild R. Espelien ◽

Frode J. Aarvik

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Thermal Gradients ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Balaenoptera Acutorostrata ◽

Dorsal Fin ◽

Minke Whales ◽

Temperature Regimes ◽

Heat Conservation ◽

Core Body

Postmortem temperature regimes were measured in 11 minke whales, Balaenoptera acutorostrata, at tissue depths varying from 1.5 (in the blubber) to 30 cm, at two different sites on the whales' sides, one in the flipper region (site A) and one in the dorsal fin region (site B). Body temperatures of instantaneously killed whales were assumed to represent those of living animals. Core body temperatures were 35.0 °C at site A and 35.6 °C at site B. Core body temperature and the size of the thermal core were affected by blubber thickness and the time between harpoon strike and death, but were not influenced by duration of pursuit prior to harpooning. Both intra- and inter-specific comparisons reveal that the thickness of the blubber layer is important for the maintenance of thermal gradients and, thereby, for heat conservation.

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Body Temperature Is Associated With Cognitive Performance in Older Adults With and Without Mild Cognitive Impairment: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience ◽

10.3389/fnagi.2021.585904 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Patrick Eggenberger ◽

Michael Bürgisser ◽

René M. Rossi ◽

Simon Annaheim

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Skin Temperature ◽

Cognitive Performance ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Single Point ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Core Body ◽

Temperature Amplitude

Wearable devices for remote and continuous health monitoring in older populations frequently include sensors for body temperature measurements (i.e., skin and core body temperatures). Healthy aging is associated with core body temperatures that are in the lower range of age-related normal values (36.3 ± 0.6°C, oral temperature), while patients with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) exhibit core body temperatures above normal values (up to 0.2°C). However, the relation of body temperature measures with neurocognitive health in older adults remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the association of body temperature with cognitive performance in older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Eighty community-dwelling older adults (≥65 years) participated, of which 54 participants were cognitively healthy and 26 participants met the criteria for MCI. Skin temperatures at the rib cage and the scapula were measured in the laboratory (single-point measurement) and neuropsychological tests were conducted to assess general cognitive performance, episodic memory, verbal fluency, executive function, and processing speed. In a subgroup (n = 15, nine healthy, six MCI), skin and core body temperatures were measured continuously during 12 h of habitual daily activities (long-term measurement). Spearman’s partial correlation analyses, controlled for age, revealed that lower median body temperature and higher peak-to-peak body temperature amplitude was associated with better general cognitive performance and with better performance in specific domains of cognition; [e.g., rib median skin temperature (single-point) vs. processing speed: rs = 0.33, p = 0.002; rib median skin temperature (long-term) vs. executive function: rs = 0.56, p = 0.023; and peak-to-peak core body temperature amplitude (long-term) vs. episodic memory: rs = 0.51, p = 0.032]. Additionally, cognitively healthy older adults showed lower median body temperature and higher peak-to-peak body temperature amplitude compared to older adults with MCI (e.g., rib median skin temperature, single-point: p = 0.035, r = 0.20). We conclude that both skin and core body temperature measures are potential early biomarkers of cognitive decline and preclinical symptoms of MCI/AD. It may therefore be promising to integrate body temperature measures into multi-parameter systems for the remote and continuous monitoring of neurocognitive health in older adults.

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Dynamic Modeling of Generic Body Temperatures with Mean-Reverting Process and a Martingale Estimation Function

International Journal of Biology and Biomedical Engineering ◽

10.46300/91011.2020.14.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 ◽

Keyword(s):

Differential Equation ◽

Body Temperature ◽

Stochastic Differential Equation ◽

Dynamic Modeling ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Ground Truth ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Estimation Function ◽

Core Body ◽

Mean Reverting Process

In this paper a stochastic differential equation (SDE) model of generic body temperature (such as axilla, mouth, anus, etc.) fluctuation is developed. We consider a mean-reverting SDE process and use zero-mean martingale estimation function to get the parameters. Subsequently we use data generated from another dynamic model of core body temperature a ground truth for comparison with test our SDE model.

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Body Temperature Frequency Distributions: A Tool for Assessing Thermal Performance in Endotherms?

Frontiers in Physiology ◽

10.3389/fphys.2021.760797 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

D.L. Levesque ◽

J. Nowack ◽

J.G. Boyles

Keyword(s):

Body Temperature ◽

Thermal Performance ◽

Core Body Temperature ◽

Ground Squirrels ◽

Body Temperatures ◽

Frequency Distributions ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Performance Curves ◽

Continuous Body ◽

Core Body

There is increasing recognition that rather than being fully homeothermic, most endotherms display some degree of flexibility in body temperature. However, the degree to which this occurs varies widely from the relatively strict homeothermy in species, such as humans to the dramatic seasonal hibernation seen in Holarctic ground squirrels, to many points in between. To date, attempts to analyse this variability within the framework generated by the study of thermal performance curves have been lacking. We tested if frequency distribution histograms of continuous body temperature measurements could provide a useful analogue to a thermal performance curve in endotherms. We provide examples from mammals displaying a range of thermoregulatory phenotypes, break down continuous core body temperature traces into various components (active and rest phase modes, spreads and skew) and compare these components to hypothetical performance curves. We did not find analogous patterns to ectotherm thermal performance curves, in either full datasets or by breaking body temperature values into more biologically relevant components. Most species had either bimodal or right-skewed (or both) distributions for both active and rest phase body temperatures, indicating a greater capacity for mammals to tolerate body temperatures elevated above the optimal temperatures than commonly assumed. We suggest that while core body temperature distributions may prove useful in generating optimal body temperatures for thermal performance studies and in various ecological applications, they may not be a good means of assessing the shape and breath of thermal performance in endotherms. We also urge researchers to move beyond only using mean body temperatures and to embrace the full variability in both active and resting temperatures in endotherms.

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