Drinking and vasopressin release during ventricular infusions of hypertonic solutions

1980 ◽  
Vol 238 (5) ◽  
pp. R340-R345
Author(s):  
T. N. Thrasher ◽  
R. G. Jones ◽  
L. C. Keil ◽  
C. J. Brown ◽  
D. J. Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Statistical Difference ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Hypertonic Solutions ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Osmolar Concentration

Six dogs were administered third ventricular infusions of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (292 mosmol/l) alone or artificial CSF to which neither NaCl, sucrose, glucose, or urea was added to yield a final osmolar concentration of 500 mosmol/l. The volume of water drunk during 45 min of infusion was measured and blood was sampled for determination of plasma vasopressin concentration at 15-min intervals. Artificial CSF made hypertonic by addition of NaCl or sucrose stimulated water intakes of 9.0 +/- 3.2 ml/kg (mean +/- SE) and 7.3 +/- 3.7 ml/kg, respectively. There was no statistical difference in the amounts drunk and the latencies. In contrast, artificial CSF containing glucose, urea, or artificial CSF alone were without effect. Plasma vasopressin concentration increased significantly in response to intraventricular NaCl and sucrose but was not affected by glucose, urea, or artificial CSF alone. These data are compatible with an osmoreceptor mechanism mediating drinking and vasopressin release.

Newborn piglet cerebral microvascular responses to epoxyeicosatrienoic acids

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. H333-H338 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. W. Leffler ◽  
A. L. Fedinec
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Epoxyeicosatrienoic Acids ◽  
Cerebral Microcirculation ◽  
Cyclic Monophosphate ◽  
Prostacyclin Receptor ◽  
Artificial Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Cerebral Microvasculature ◽  
Pial Arterioles ◽  
Dose Dependent

The present study on the newborn pig cerebral microcirculation determined the vasoactive properties of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) and the contributions of prostaglandin cyclooxygenase to these properties. Pial arterioles of anesthetized piglets were observed through closed cranial windows, EETs were applied topically, and artificial cerebrospinal fluid from beneath the cranial windows was collected for the determination of adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha. EETs caused dilation of pial arterioles and increased adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate. 5,6-EET produced a dose-dependent dilation at 10(-8) M and above, whereas 10(-6) M was required for 8,9-EET, 11,12-EET, and 14,15-EET. Indomethacin abolished pial arteriolar dilation to the EETs. However, EETs did not increase cortical 6-ketoprostaglandin F1 alpha concentration. Treatment of indomethacin-treated piglets with iloprost (10(-12) M topically) restored dilation to 5,6-EET. Neither isoproterenol nor sodium nitroprusside allowed vasodilation to 5,6-EET in indomethacin-treated piglets. Therefore, in the newborn pig cerebral microvasculature. EETs are potent vasodilators and prostacyclin-receptor agonists are necessary to allow this dilation to occur.

Vasopressin in plasma and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid during dehydration, postural changes, and nausea

1985 ◽  
Vol 248 (1) ◽  
pp. R78-R83 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Sorensen ◽  
M. Hammer
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentration ◽  
Plasma Osmolality ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Vasopressin Release ◽  
Modest Increase ◽  
Plasma Vasopressin ◽  
Postural Changes ◽  
Head Up Tilt

The responses of plasma and ventricular cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) vasopressin concentration to dehydration, postural changes, and induction of nausea were studied in 21 patients with hydrocephalus of various etiology. The 24-h dehydration test evoked a significant increase in plasma osmolality and vasopressin concentration, whereas the concentration of vasopressin in CSF was unchanged. Head-up tilt to 50 degrees for 45 min with a tilt bed resulted in a modest increase of plasma vasopressin in patients who did not develop presyncopal symptoms, but no changes were seen in CSF vasopressin. Induction of nausea by subcutaneously injected apomorphine provoked a marked (20- to 50-fold) rise in plasma vasopressin concentration within 15 min, and the plasma concentration was significantly increased above base-line values for 60-120 min. Despite the prolonged period of high plasma vasopressin concentration CSF vasopressin was not influenced by the apomorphine injection. The findings suggest that the concentration of vasopressin in the CSF is controlled by mechanisms other than the well-known osmotic and nonosmotic stimuli of vasopressin release into the blood.

Determination of Melatonin Hormone and Neurotransmitters in Cerebrospinal Fluid: Method Validation and Uncertainty Calculations

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 613-625
Author(s):  
Özge Yetgin Çetin ◽  
Hatice Karadeniz ◽  
Alper Karakaş ◽  
Serpil Yenisoy-Karakaş
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Method Validation

Resistance to Outflow of Cerebrospinal Fluid Determined by Bolus Injection Technique and Constant Rate Steady State Infusion in Humans

Neurosurgery ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 336-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kosteljanetz
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Bolus Injection ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Injection Technique ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Infusion Technique

Abstract Two methods for the determination of resistance to the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, the bolus injection technique and the constant rate steady state infusion technique, were compared. Thirty-two patients with a variety of intracranial diseases (usually communicating hydrocephalus) were studied. There was a high degree of correlation between the resistance values obtained with the two methods, but values based on the bolus injection technique were systematically and statistically significantly lower than those obtained with the constant rate infusion test. From a practical point of view. both methods were found to be applicable in a clinical setting.

Microdetermination of Cholesterol and Phospholipid in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Serum by Silicic Acid Column Chromatography

1962 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 598-605 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yung S Shin ◽  
James C Lee
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Human Serum ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Silicic Acid ◽  
Column Chromatography ◽  
Silicic Acid Column ◽  
Lipid Phosphorus ◽  
Silicic Acid Column Chromatography ◽  
Phospholipid Ratio

Abstract A method is presented for the determination of cholesterol and phospholipid, which requires 5 µl. of human serum or 1-2 ml. of cerebrospinal fluids. With this method 5-100 µg. of cholesterol and phospholipid can be separated by a modified silicic acid column after elution of the mixture with 1 ml. of chloroform and 3 ml. of methanol. Recovery for 24.6 µg. of cholesterol and 30.5 µg. of phospholipid was 98.4 and 96.7%, respectively. Standard deviations of ± 1.73 and ± 1.24 have been obtained for the reproducibility of cholesterol and phospholipid determinations after chromatography. The method has been applied for the estimation of the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio and of lipid phosphorus in total phosphorus of human cerebrospinal fluids.

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