Prolonged alterations in plasma cortisol circadian rhythms following trauma in baboons

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. R548-R553
Author(s):  
T. K. McIntosh
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Surgical Trauma ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Episodic Nature ◽  
Secretory Pattern ◽  
Trauma Group

Few studies have been performed concerning alterations in the circadian rhythmicity of adrenocortical function following trauma. The present study examined the effects of surgical trauma of varying severity on the secretory pattern of adrenocorticosteroids in the female baboon (Papio anubus). In 30 baboons, blood samples were obtained every hour for three 96-h periods: 1 wk prior to surgery; beginning 30 min following incision closure; and beginning 7 days following surgery. Animals were divided into three groups: anesthesia/surgical controls, low-trauma group [(LT), laparotomy plus 5-min bowel traction], or high-trauma group [(HT), laparotomy plus 20-min bowel traction]. A postoperative rise in plasma cortisol was observed that persisted up to 10 days postsurgery and could be significantly correlated with severity of trauma. The episodic nature of cortisol secretion was unaffected by surgery. The circadian rhythm of cortisol was phase shifted in the LT group and abolished up to 8 days postsurgery in the HT group. We conclude that the magnitude of posttrauma rise and circadian disruption of plasma cortisol is correlated with magnitude of surgical trauma. However, contrary to previous reports, elevated levels of cortisol may persist for an extended time (10 days) following the primary insult.

Circadian rhythm of catecholamines, cortisol and prolactin is altered in patients with apallic syndrome in comparison with normal volunteers

1982 ◽  
Vol 101 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dieter Ratge ◽  
Ernst Knoll ◽  
Ulrich Diener ◽  
Alexander Hadjidimos ◽  
Hermann Wisser
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Emotional Reactions ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Motor Patterns ◽  
Apallic Syndrome ◽  
Controlled Processes ◽  
Episodic Nature

Abstract. Circadian rhythms of catecholamines, cortisol and prolactin were investigated in 4 healthy subjects and in 6 patients suffering from an apallic syndrome. The clinical picture of this syndrome is characterized by disturbed consciousness (coma vigile), suspension of the sleeping and waking rhythm, lack of emotional reactions and appearance of primitive motor patterns. With the exception of dopamine a pronounced circadian rhythm was found in the control group for all investigated parameters. Catecholamines and cortisol showed a good correlation in the temporal pattern of plasma concentrations and urinary excreted amounts. In all apallic patients the circadian rhythm of prolactin was abolished. Only in one patient a rhythm of catecholamines and in 2 patients a rhythm of cortisol was still detectable. The data may indicate that the episodic nature of hormone secretion was essentially unaffected by the apallic syndrome. These results are regarded as an indication that endogenous, centrally controlled processes participate in circadian rhythms.

Reduced Testosterone Levels in Cluster Headache: A Stress-Related Phenomenon?

Cephalalgia ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabio Facchinetti ◽  
Giuseppe Nappi ◽  
Claudio Cicoli ◽  
Giuseppe Micieli ◽  
Michela Ruspa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cluster Headache ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Active Phase ◽  
Early Morning ◽  
Related Phenomenon ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Episodic Cluster Headache ◽  
Cortisol Levels

The circadian changes in testosterone (T) and cortisol secretion and morning luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were evaluated in nine episodic cluster headache (CH) patients in active phase and in seven healthy volunteers, with collection of blood samples every 2 h for 24 h. CH showed a significant reduction of the 24-h integrated mean T value (mesor) (4.4 + 1.1 ng/ml; x ± SD) in comparison with controls (6.6 ± 0.8 ng/ml) ( P < 0.0l). Both groups had plasma T circadian rhythm with peak values in early morning, but in CH single cosinor analysis showed its absence in three out of nine CH patients. The rhythm showed an acrophase delay of 101 min in CH. Both patients and controls had a significant circadian rhythm of plasma cortisol concentration. CH patients, however, showed an acrophase delay of 106 min and significantly increased concentrations from 1200 h to 2000 h. Morning LH values were similar in the two groups. The reduced secretion of plasma T in CH patients in the active phase coexisted with an acrophase delay of its circadian rhythm. A similar delay was found in 24-h plasma cortisol levels. We suggest that stress accompanying attack expectancy in the active phase is the mechanism behind the elevated plasma cortisol levels. This in turn could reduce T concentrations, acting at the testicular level. These disturbances in internal chronoorganization support the hypothesis that cluster headache is basically a dyschronic disorder.

The effect of 6-hydroxydopamine infused into the third cerebral ventricle on the plasma cortisol concentration in sheep subjected to repeated and prolonged stress stimuli

1985 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 546-552 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Domański ◽  
E. Stupnicka ◽  
F. Przekop ◽  
E. Wolińska-Witort
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
The Third ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
6 Hydroxydopamine ◽  
Prolonged Stress

Abstract. It has previously been observed that sheep subjected to repeated and prolonged stress stimuli showed biphasic cortisol responses. On the first and second day of stimulation an elevation was observed, while on the subsequent days and on the day after the stimulation a marked suppression of plasma cortisol level and a disappearance of its circadian rhythm was noted. It was hypothesized that these changes in the secretion of the hormone were caused by the alteration of catecholaminergic systems in the CNS. To verify this suggestion chemical lesions of the catecholergic systems of the diencephalon were carried out by the infusion of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) into the third cerebral ventricle and animals treated in this fashion were subjected to repeated and prolonged electrical mild footshocking (applied during 3 days). The pretreated animals lost the circadian rhythm in cortisol secretion on the days before as well as during and after the electrical stimulation. The animals pretreated with 6-OHDA showed a significant rise of the plasma cortisol level during stimulation. This rise, as the highest daily concentration, occurring within about 1 h after the beginning of footshocking, was significantly accelerated in time with respect to the physiological acrophase, occurring in the early morning hours at the end of prestimulatory days. On the other hand, the pretreated animals did not show the decrease of plasma cortisol levels on the day after the stimulation, observed in normal non-pretreated ones. It is suggested that the absence of the suppression of plasma cortisol concentration in the animals pretreated with 6-OHDA on the day after the stimulation may be due to the blockade of the ventral noradrenergic bundle innervating the medial basal hypothalamus, while disappearance of the circadian rhythm of cortisol secretion was due to the disturbance in the function of retinohypothalamic projection.

Circadian rhythm in wool depilation force in Merino and Merino X Border Leicester sheep

1985 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Foldes ◽  
J. B. Donnelly ◽  
C. A. Maxwell ◽  
S. B. James ◽  
S. L. Clancy
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Diurnal Variation ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Wool Growth ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Pineal Serotonin

SummaryAs part of an ongoing investigation of ovine neuroendocrine mechanisms relating to photoperiod and eventually to wool growth, the diurnal variation of depilation force (an index of the strength of attachment of wool fibres to the skin of sheep) was investigated in Merino wethers and Border Leicester Merino ewes. Circadian rhythms were demonstrated in depilation force in both ewes and wethers. Further experiments were performed to investigate circadian endocrine rhythms which may have some bearing on the observed rhythm in depilation force. Circadian rhythms 180° out of phase with the depilation force rhythm were observed in plasma cortisol concentrations and in pineal serotonin N-acetyltransferase activities in Merino wethers.

Cortisol, progesterone and β-endorphin response to stress in calves

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cooper ◽  
A. C. O. Evans ◽  
S. Cook ◽  
N. C. Rawlings
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Acute Stress ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Farm Animals ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Assessment Of Stress

In evaluating stress in farm animals, it would be useful to know whether there were consistent endocrine responses that could be followed. Adrenal cortisol secretion is quite variable, but β-endorphin secretion and adrenal progesterone production may be useful indicators of stress. Changes in plasma concentrations of cortisol, β-endorphin and progesterone were studied in spring-born, castrated male calves (steers) (6 mo of age ± 18 d, 516 ± 26 kg, n = 12) subjected to the stress of routine dehorning. Steers were isolated from their dams for 2 h before headgate restraint (control) or restraint and dehorning. They were bled 60 and 10 min prior to headgate restraint or restraint and dehorning. Blood samples were also collected immediately after headgate restraint or restraint and dehorning (time 0) and 5, 10, 30 and 60 min later. All blood samples were taken from a jugular catheter, and the blood sampling that was done out of the headgate involved minimal manual restraint. Plasma β-endorphin concentrations were similar in control steers and dehorned steers (P > 0.05) and decreased significantly following restraint or restraint and dehorning (P < 0.05). Plasma cortisol concentrations rose significantly 5 min after dehorning and were elevated for 60 min; but with restraint only, plasma cortisol concentrations rose to a peak 5 min after release from chute restraint and then declined (P < 0.05). Plasma cortisol concentrations were greater in dehorned steers than in control steers in the period from 10 min after dehorning or headgate restraint to 60 min after headgate restraint (P < 0.0043). Plasma progesterone concentrations rose to a peak 10 min after dehorning and then declined, but in control steers, a peak was seen at 5 min after release from restraint (P < 0.05). Plasma progesterone concentrations were greater in dehorned steers between 5 and 60 min after dehorning than in control steers (P < 0.05). From these data, we concluded that in prepubertal, castrated male calves, β-endorphin was not released in any significant quantities in response to the stress of dehorning. In steers, adrenal cortisol and progesterone were secreted in response to acute stress, and a ratio of the two may provide a useful assessment of stress; this requires further study. Key words: Cortisol, progesterone, β-endorphin, stress, calves

Dehydration, but not vasopressin infusion, enhances the adrenocortical responses of sheep to corticotropin-releasing hormone or restraint

1991 ◽  
Vol 125 (5) ◽  
pp. 556-562 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Matthews ◽  
R. F. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Cortisol Response ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Pretreatment Period ◽  
Cortisol Responses ◽  
Adrenocortical Responses ◽  
Saline Vehicle

Abstract. Two experiments were carried out using adult castrated sheep prepared with jugular vein catheters. In Experiment 1, sheep (N=8) were injected iv with saline vehicle, vehicle + 15 or 30 μg oCRH, or subjected to 120 min mild physical stress (restraint), following a 48 h period during which water was freely available or withheld. Blood samples were taken for 30 min before and 120 min after oCRH injection, and before and during restraint, and the plasma analysed for AVP and cortisol content. Levels of AVP increased by over 500% after dehydration, but were unaffected by oCRH or restraint. In contrast, plasma cortisol was unchanged after dehydration, but increased after oCRH and restraint. Moreover, these cortisol responses were significantly greater when the sheep were dehydrated. In Experiment 2, euhydrated sheep (N =6) were infused iv with saline vehicle or vehicle + AVP for a 5-h pretreatment period, followed by a 2-h experimental period in which the animals were injected with 15 μg oCRH or subjected to 120 min restraint, as in Experiment 1. Blood samples were taken throughout the experiment from a contralateral catheter and the plasma analysed for AVP and cortisol content. The AVP infusion produced plasma levels of the hormone approximately twice those seen after 48 h dehydration in Experiment 1, but did not affect cortisol secretion. Furthermore, the cortisol response to oCRH, or restraint, was not enhanced by the AVP infusion. These results suggest that pituitary responsiveness to exogenous or endogenous CRH (restraint stress) may be enhanced in sheep by dehydration through a mechanism that does not involve an adrenal or pituitary action of circulating AVP.

LIGHT SYNCHRONIZATION OF THE CIRCADIAN RHYTHM OF PLASMA 11-HYDROXYCORTICOSTEROIDS IN MAN

1974 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Per Olof Osterman
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Control Period ◽  
Light Cycle ◽  
Dark Light ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Activity Schedule ◽  
Experimental Alteration ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACT The levels of plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids were studied in 4 healthy subjects with a constant sleep-waking cycle and a constant activity schedule before and after experimental alteration of the dark-light cycle. The subjects slept in the dark from 10.30 p. m. to 6.30 a. m. During a control period of 10 days the subjects stayed in rooms which were well lighted after 6.30 a. m. During the following 10 days darkness was prolonged by 4 h until 10.30 a. m. Hourly blood samples were obtained from 2.30 to 11.30 a.m. on days 9 and 10 of each period. Following the period of prolonged darkness there was a shift in the rhythm of the plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroids. The secretion period in the morning started later than during the control period. Present data indicate that in man the dark-light transition is important for the synchronization of the circadian plasma cortisol rhythm in the morning.

Restricting environmental stimulation influences levels and variability of plasma cortisol

1991 ◽  
Vol 70 (5) ◽  
pp. 2010-2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Turner ◽  
T. H. Fine
Keyword(s):  
Standard Deviation ◽  
Spatial Orientation ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenocortical Function ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Feedback Monitoring ◽  
Environmental Stimulation ◽  
Stimulation Technique

Restricting stimulation from the environment has been shown to alter psychological and physiological states. The present study of 27 healthy subjects examines the effects of restricted environmental stimulation technique (REST) on plasma levels of cortisol and variability in plasma cortisol levels across repeated REST sessions. The REST environment consisted of a 1.2 X 1.2 X 2.4-m ovoid chamber containing 25 cm of saturated MgSO4 solution (sp gr 1.28) maintained at 34.5 degrees F. The buoyant supinely floating subject experienced a minimum of light, sound, and temperature awareness and spatial orientation. The non-REST environment was a cushioned reclining chair in a quiet dimly lit room. The 5-wk protocol consisted of four visits for blood sampling during a 2-wk baseline followed by eight REST or non-REST sessions, 40 min each, with blood samples taken on four nonsession days between sessions 5 and 8. Variability in plasma cortisol was expressed in terms of standard deviation. REST was associated with across-session decreases of 21.6% in plasma cortisol and 50.5% in plasma cortisol variability, whereas no changes in these measures occurred in non-REST. It is concluded that REST influences both static and dynamic aspects of adrenocortical function, possibly altering the feedback monitoring of plasma cortisol.

scholarly journals Does road transport influence plasma leptin concentrations in horses? Preliminary study

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Witold Kędzierski ◽  
Zbigniew Bełkot
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Road Transport ◽  
Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Concentration ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Cortisol Release ◽  
Arrival Point

Abstract Transport is one of the most common stressors for horses leading to an increase in cortisol secretion. Cortisol promotes leptin synthesis and release. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of short transport on circulating leptin and cortisol concentrations. A total of 16 crossbred naïve horses (7 geldings, 9 mares) aged 2-11 years, and weighing 530-680 kg were included in the study. The horses were transported in a commercial horse-truck to an unknown holding pen for temporary housing. To measure plasma leptin and cortisol concentrations, three blood samples were collected from each horse: before transport, immediately after unloading from the truck, and nine hours after transport at the arrival point. Transport caused a significant increase in mean plasma cortisol concentration determined at unloading, and after nine hours of unloading, in comparison to values obtained before loading. Plasma leptin concentrations did not change during the study. In conclusion, transportation procedures did not influence plasma leptin concentration in horses, despite significantly increased cortisol release.

Impaired circadian rhythmicity of β-lipotrophin, β-endorphin and ACTH in heroin addicts

1984 ◽  
Vol 105 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Facchinetti ◽  
A. Grasso ◽  
F. Petraglia ◽  
D. Parrini ◽  
A. Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Methadone Maintenance ◽  
Circadian Rhythmicity ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Heroin Addicts ◽  
Plasma Extraction

Abstract. The circadian rhythm of plasma proopiocortin-related peptides was studied in 15 heroin addicts and in 6 sex- and age-matched controls. ACTH, β-lipotrophin, (β-LPH), β-endorphin (β-EP) and cortisol were measured by RIA either directly (cortisol), or after plasma extraction (ACTH) and Sephadex G-75 gel chromatography (β-LPH and β-EP) every 4 h from 8 a.m. to 8 p.m. and again at 8 a. m. the next morning. The means of the two 8 a.m. measurements of β-LPH (2.67 ± 0.34 fmol/ml, mean ± se), ACTH (2.74 ± 0.71) and cortisol (218 ± 31 pmol/ml) levels in heroin addicts were significantly lower than those in controls (6.28 ± 0.61, 10.1 ± 0.74 and 364 ± 27, respectively, P < 0.01) while β-EP concentrations in heroin addicts (5.1 ± 0.6) were similar to those of healthy volunteers (6.44 ± 0.56). In controls, all three peptides and cortisol show a circadian rhythm of secretion, the lowest values being in the evening and the highest ones in the morning. Heroin addicts partially lack this phenomenon showing constant levels of the three proopiocortin-related peptides throughout the day, with a slight but significant decrease of plasma cortisol. In the 7 subjects who took heroin throughout the study, no systematic changes were observed in the three proopiocortin-related peptides, while it seems that this group of addicts shows a cortisol decrease in the evening to a lesser extent than subjects receiving methadone maintenance only. These data show a decreased basal β-LPH, ACTH and cortisol secretion in heroin addicts, despite normal β-EP levels. This would indicate that anterior pituitary proopiocortin synthesis and/or secretion is affected in these subjects, and that there is also some impairment in the structures controlling the circadian rhythmicity of ACTH and related peptides.

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