Anorectic responses to dietary amino acid imbalance: effects of vagotomy and tropisetron

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (6) ◽  
pp. R1922-R1927 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. S. Washburn ◽  
J. C. Jiang ◽  
S. L. Cummings ◽  
K. Dixon ◽  
D. W. Gietzen
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Full Effect ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Vagal Function

We investigated the roles of the vagus nerve and the serotonin3 (5-HT3) receptor in mediating the food intake depression associated with amino acid deficiency. The food intake of sham-operated (sham) rats given an isoleucine-imbalanced (IMB) diet was reduced to < 40% of control basal (BAS) diet intake (P = 0.0009), and pretreatment with the 5-HT3 antagonist tropisetron (Trop) increased IMB intake by twofold over the vehicle (VEH)-treated group (P < or = 0.0001), as we have reported before. However, after subdiaphragmatic vagotomy (VAGX), IMB intake was increased to a level intermediate between the sham-VEH and sham-Trop groups, while administration of Trop did not increase IMB intake over VAGX alone. By the end of day 1, the VAGX-Trop group had eaten only 1 g more of IMB than the VAGX-VEH group (NS). We conclude that 1) the vagus is among the physiological systems involved in the anorectic responses to IMB and 2) intact vagal function is necessary for the full effect of 5-HT3 antagonists in alleviating the anorectic responses to IMB.

Serotonin and feeding responses of rats to amino acid imbalance: initial phase

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. R763-R771 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Gietzen ◽  
Q. R. Rogers ◽  
P. M. Leung ◽  
B. Semon ◽  
T. Piechota
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acid Diet ◽  
Serotonergic Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Serotonin Turnover ◽  
Initial Depression ◽  
Diet Intake ◽  
Made In

The role of serotonin in the anorexic response of rats to an amino acid-imbalanced diet was investigated. After chronic depletion of serotonin with parachlorophenylalanine (PCPA, 300 mg/kg) or 5,7-dihydroxytryptamine (DHT, 200 micrograms/rat, intracisternally), initial intake of a mild isoleucine-imbalanced diet was reduced by 60% vs. a 17% reduction after saline injection. After acute treatment with the agonist, quipazine (quip, 5 mg/kg ip) or the precursor, tryptophan (TRP, 1% added to the diet), imbalanced diet intake was also exacerbated. PCPA and DHT may have caused receptor supersensitivity, such that the food intake depression after serotonin depletion was similar to that seen with the quip and TRP treatments. Injection of the autoreceptor agonist, 8-hydroxy-2(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH-DPAT, 500 micrograms/kg sc), to reduce transmission in the serotonergic systems resulted in an attenuation of the usual food intake depression of the amino acid-imbalanced diet (only a 7%, nonsignificant reduction). Also measurements made in the absence of pharmacological treatment showed that the ratio 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid-to-serotonin, a putative index of serotonin turnover, was increased 155% in the raphe nuclei and 140% in the hippocampus 3.5 h after ingestion of the mild isoleucine-imbalanced diet. Therefore increased serotonergic activity in some brain areas may be associated with the initial depression of food intake in rats fed an imbalanced amino acid diet.

scholarly journals Rapid Sensing of Dietary Amino Acid Deficiency Does Not Require GCN2

Cell Reports ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 2051-2052 ◽  
Author(s):  
David E. Leib ◽  
Zachary A. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid

EFFECT OF INCREASED METABOLISM AND OF HYPERPHAGIA ON DIETARY AMINO ACID IMBALANCE IN THE RAT

1967 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 1011-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Exposure To Cold ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance

In male Wistar rats, the effects of cold exposure (6 °C) on dietary amino acid imbalances were investigated. In agreement with the previous observation of Klain et al., exposure to cold throughout the experimental period (28 days) prevented the decreased food intake and body weight gain observed at 24 °C in rats fed a 6% fibrin diet supplemented with 0.4% DL-methionine and 0.6% DL-phenylalanine. It was also observed that subsequent exposure to cold eliminated these effects of an existing- imbalance previously induced at: 24 °C. With a 10% fibrin diet supplemented with 0.6% DL-methionine and 0.9% DL-phenylalanine, no pronounced effect attributable to an amino acid imbalance was observed at 24 °C. It is concluded that exposure to cold prevents the deleterious effects of an amino acid imbalance superimposed on a 6% protein diet, and subsequent exposure to cold eliminates these effects of an existing imbalance, L-Thyroxine, injected daily at a level of 30 μg/100 g body weight, simulated cold exposure in that it caused an increased food intake in rats fed a 6% fibrin – unbalanced diet. In hypothalamic-hyperphagic rats, a deleterious effect of a 6% fibrin – imbalanced diet was apparent initially; after 10 days' feeding, lesioned rats fed a 6% fibrin diet ceased to gain weight whereas those fed the imbalanced diet continued to do so.

Dietary Amino Acid Deficiency with a Restrictive Raw Vegan Diet: A Case of Orthorexia Nervosa: Lacking Lysine/Methionine Madness

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kim Williams ◽  
Hena Patel
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Vegetarian Diet ◽  
Protein Deficiency ◽  
Orthorexia Nervosa ◽  
Vegan Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid

It is often stated that a plant-based diet can lead to protein deficiency, although this has never been reported with a well-balanced vegetarian diet. This case reports the results of a highly restrictive plant-based diet, which led to deficiencies in critical serum proteins with near fatal results. This was easily corrected by broadening the raw vegetarian components of the diet.

Clonidine in the prepyriform cortex blocked anorectic response to amino acid imbalance

1992 ◽  
Vol 263 (4) ◽  
pp. R885-R890 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Gietzen ◽  
J. L. Beverly
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Feeding Response ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Prepyriform Cortex

Ingestion of imbalanced amino acid diets (IMB) has been associated with a decrease in norepinephrine (NE) concentration in the prepyriform cortex (PPC), an area essential for the anorectic response to IMB. Decreased NE could result from activity-induced release (and subsequent metabolism) of the transmitter. If activity of the NE system is important in the rat's anorectic response to IMB, reduced NE activity should result in increased IMB intake. Therefore, the feeding response to IMB was measured after injecting clonidine (Clon) into the PPC to inhibit NE release. At 3 and 6 h after Clon (1.0 and 1.5 micrograms/rat) injections, IMB intake was increased from 69 (the usual response to IMB in untreated animals) to > 100% of control intake. Effective injection sites did not include the gustatory neocortex, an area important for conditioned taste aversions. Thus activation of the NE system in the PPC may be associated with the initial reduced intake of IMB, suggesting that NE activity in the PPC has a role in the neural mechanisms that subserve recognition of amino acid deficiency.

Effect of dietary amino acid pattern on plasma amino acid pattern and food intake

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Sanahuja ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance

Effects of a dietary imbalance of amino acids on the plasma amino acid pattern of the protein-depleted rat are described. The amino acid imbalance was created by adding a mixture of indispensable amino acids lacking histidine to a diet in which the protein was provided by 6% of beef blood fibrin. The addition of this amino acid mixture was previously shown to cause depressions in growth and food intake. In the present study the depression in food intake was preceded by a fall in plasma histidine concentration and at the same time the concentrations of some of the other indispensable amino acids, especially threonine, began to rise. The ratios of several indispensable amino acids to histidine in the plasma were elevated when food intake was most severely depressed.

scholarly journals Dietary Amino Acid Deficiency Reduces the Utilization of Amino Acids for Growth in Growing Pigs after a Period of Poor Health

2015 ◽  
Vol 146 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esther Kampman-van de Hoek ◽  
Alfons JM Jansman ◽  
Joost JGC van den Borne ◽  
Carola MC van der Peet-Schwering ◽  
Hetty van Beers-Schreurs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Amino Acid Deficiency ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid
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