Effect of dietary amino acid pattern on plasma amino acid pattern and food intake

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (4) ◽  
pp. 686-690 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Sanahuja ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Dietary Amino Acid ◽  
Indispensable Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance

Effects of a dietary imbalance of amino acids on the plasma amino acid pattern of the protein-depleted rat are described. The amino acid imbalance was created by adding a mixture of indispensable amino acids lacking histidine to a diet in which the protein was provided by 6% of beef blood fibrin. The addition of this amino acid mixture was previously shown to cause depressions in growth and food intake. In the present study the depression in food intake was preceded by a fall in plasma histidine concentration and at the same time the concentrations of some of the other indispensable amino acids, especially threonine, began to rise. The ratios of several indispensable amino acids to histidine in the plasma were elevated when food intake was most severely depressed.

Dissociation between plasma and brain amino acid profiles and short-term food intake in the rat

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. R1675-R1686 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. H. Anderson ◽  
E. T. Li ◽  
S. P. Anthony ◽  
L. T. Ng ◽  
R. Bialik
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Egg Albumin ◽  
Amino Acid Profiles ◽  
Total Mixture ◽  
Brain Amino Acid

The relationship between plasma and brain amino acids and short-term food intake after administration of albumin, or its constituent amino acids, was examined. Rats given protein (0.85 g chicken egg albumin) or an amino acid mixture patterned after egg albumin reduced their food intake during 1 h of feeding beginning 30 min after gavage. Similarly, when given separately, the essential (EAA) and nonessential amino acid (NEAA) fractions of egg albumin caused comparable decreases in food intake. As the dose increased from 0.5 to 1.5 g the duration of anorexia prolonged to 12 h. Little change occurred in plasma amino acids at 30 and 60 min after albumin at 0.85 g, although many increased by 25-50% at 60 min after 1.5 g. Marked changes in plasma occurred after gavage with the total mixture of constituent free amino acids and after either EAA or NEAA fractions. Brain amino acid concentrations were little affected by albumin and did not show consistent changes after the amino acid treatments. Thus the reductions in food intake after ingestion of albumin or of its constituent amino acids were not predicted from the resulting changes in either plasma or brain concentrations of amino acids.

Effect of amino acid imbalance on food intake and preference

1962 ◽  
Vol 202 (1) ◽  
pp. 165-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Sanahuja ◽  
Alfred E. Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Preference ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Protein Free Diet

Effects of an amino acid imbalance, caused by adding 3.8% of an amino acid mixture lacking histidine to a diet containing 6% of beef fibrin, on the food intake and food preference of protein-depleted rats are described. After being depleted, animals fed the balanced or imbalanced diets ate equal amounts for 3 days, then both growth rate and food intake of those fed the imbalanced diet dropped. When protein-depleted rats were fed the balanced or imbalanced diet together with a protein-free diet, neither group ate the protein-free diet during the first 3 days. Thereafter, animals fed the imbalanced diet began to eat the protein-free diet in preference to the imbalanced diet, even though the latter would support growth and the former would not. Animals fed ad libitum the balanced diet or the imbalanced diet plus histidine did not eat the protein-free diet at all. These observations indicate that both food intake and food selection are influenced by the amino acid pattern of the diet.

Stimulated amino acid imbalance and histidine transport in rat brain slices

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Lutz ◽  
JK Tews ◽  
AE Harper
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Large Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Neutral Amino Acids ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
The Brain

Histidine concentration in the brain decreases rapidly when rats are fed a low protein diet in which an amino acid imbalance is created by addition of an amino acid mixture devoid of histidine. Competition for histidine transport into the brain was suggested as an explanation for this effect. Therefore, animo acid mixtures simulating composition of plasma from rats fed basal or histidine-imbalanced diets were added to media to evaluate their effects on uptake of histidine by brain slices during a 60-min incubation period. At the concentrations actually found in plasma, the unbalanced mixture decreased histidine uptake significantly more than did the basal mixture. Two distinct inhibition patterns were observed with different groups of amino acids: a linear decrease in histidine uptake with a mixture of the small neutral, hydroxyl, basic, and acidic amino acids, and a hyperbolic decrease with a mixture of large neutral amino acids, and a hyperbolic decrease with a mixture of large neutral amino acids. Inhibition of histidine transport by the complete mixtures reflected these two effects. Plasma patterns and concentrations of competitive amino acids as well as the concentration of histidine appear to be factors involved in decreasing histidine transport into the brain.

Amino Acid Imbalance and Diet Preference in the Hypothalamic–Hyperphagic Rat

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 752-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Arakawa ◽  
B. R. Standal ◽  
J. R. Beaton
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Diet Selection ◽  
Amino Acid Pattern ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid ◽  
Diet Preference ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Satiety Center

Diet selection by control and hypothalamic–hyperphagic rats was recorded to examine the hypothesis that the plasma amino acid pattern may act as a satiety signal with respect to the decreased food intake associated with amino acid unbalanced diets. Rats were offered choices between: (a) protein-free and imbalanced diets; (b) imbalanced and corrected diets; (c) corrected and basal diets. Although selection by control and operated rats differed with respect to choice a, selection behaviors were comparable for choices b and c. Plasma amino acid patterns were similar in control and operated rats indicating that the same potential satiety signal was present in both groups. Since the "satiety center" was ablated in operated rats, it would seem that if plasma amino acid patterns serve as a satiety signal, this signal must act in some manner other than on the ventromedial area of the hypothalamus.

Amino acid imbalance in ruminant lambs

1978 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 1263 ◽  
Author(s):  
AR Egan ◽  
QR Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acid ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Physiological Capacity ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Amino Acid Imbalance ◽  
Plasma Amino Acid Concentration

In a series of 14 experiments young Merino x Dorset Horn or Merino x Suffolk wethers were fed on wheaten straw or wheaten hay supplemented with a mineral mixture and, in some cases, urea and/or molasses. The diets were contrived to provide between 8 and 12% of digestible energy as protein digested in the intestines. A mixture of amino acids estimated to provide suitable proportions of essential amino acids and adequate non-essential amino acids was developed. With each diet, either the complete amino acid mixture, or a mixture from which one essential amino acid was excluded (imbalanced mixture), was infused per abomasum. In several experiments feed intake was depressed by imbalanced mixtures in which methionine, threonine, isoleucine and lysine were the respective deletions from the mixture, but was elevated by the infusion of the complete amino acid mixture. In each experiment an imbalanced infusion resulted in a decrease in plasma concentration of that amino acid excluded from the mixture to levels only 15–50% of control (pre-infusion) levels. All other essential amino acids were increased in concentration in plasma, reaching 1.5 to 6 times the concentrations in pre-infusion conditions. Infusions of greater amounts of amino acids resulted in greater changes in the plasma amino acid concentration. These results indicated that, although ruminant lambs ingesting herbage diets are unlikely to be subjected to an effective amino acid imbalance, they have the physiological capacity to respond to amino acid imbalances. This needs to be considered when rumen bypass of amino acids or proteins is being considered in practical or experimental circumstances.

scholarly journals Effect of co-ingestion of amino acids with rice on glycaemic and insulinaemic response

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845-1851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yean Yean Soong ◽  
Joseph Lim ◽  
Lijuan Sun ◽  
Christiani Jeyakumar Henry
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Postprandial Blood Glucose ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
White Rice ◽  
Amino Acid Mixtures

AbstractConsumption of high glycaemic index (GI) and glycaemic response (GR) food such as white rice has been implicated in the development of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have reported the ability of individual amino acids to reduce GR of carbohydrate-rich foods. Because of the bitter flavour of amino acids, they have rarely been used to reduce GR. We now report the use of a palatable, preformed amino acid mixture in the form of essence of chicken. In all, sixteen healthy male Chinese were served 68 or 136 ml amino acid mixture together with rice, or 15 or 30 min before consumption of white rice. Postprandial blood glucose and plasma insulin concentrations were measured at fasting and every 15 min after consumption of the meal until 60 min after the consumption of the white rice. Subsequent blood samples were taken at 30-min intervals until 210 min. The co-ingestion of 68 ml of amino acid mixture with white rice produced the best results in reducing the peak blood glucose and GR of white rice without increasing the insulinaemic response. It is postulated that amino acid mixtures prime β-cell insulin secretion and peripheral tissue uptake of glucose. The use of ready-to-drink amino acid mixtures may be a useful strategy for lowering the high-GI rice diets consumed in Asia.

Olfactory Conditioning by Association with Histidine-Free or Balanced Amino Acid Loads in Rats†

1973 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 354-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Simson ◽  
D. A. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Conditioned Aversion ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Olfactory Conditioning ◽  
Conditioned Preference ◽  
Gastric Intubation ◽  
Protein Free Diet

An histidine-devoid but otherwise balanced amino acid mixture depressed food intake from 2 hr after its gastric intubation. It induced conditioned aversion to an odour incorporated in a protein-free diet presented for 6 h following intubation. In other rats, a balanced amino acid mixture established conditioned preference for odour presented in the same diet for 6 h following intubation. The degree of preference was considerably less than the degree of aversion.

Liver extract and its free amino acids equally stimulate gastric acid secretion

1980 ◽  
Vol 239 (6) ◽  
pp. G493-G496 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Feldman ◽  
M. I. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Acid Secretion ◽  
Gastric Acid Secretion ◽  
Free Amino Acid ◽  
Free Amino Acids ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Liver Extract ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture

Using intragastric titration in dogs with gastric fistulas, dose-response studies were carried out with liver extract and with a mixture of amino acids that matched the free amino acids found in liver extract. All solutions were adjusted to pH 7.0 and osmolality to 290 mosmol x kg-1. Doses are expressed as the sum of the concentrations of all free amino acids. At each dose studied (free amino acid concentration: 2.8, 5.6, 11, 23, and 45 mM), acid secretion in response to the free amino acid mixture was not significantly different from that of liver extract. The peak response to both liver extract and the free amino acid mixture occurred with the 23-mM dose and represented about 60% of the maximal response to histamine. The serum concentrations of gastrin after liver extract and the amino acid mixture were not significantly different. It is concluded that in dogs with gastric fistula, gastric acid secretion and release of gastrin were not significantly different in response to liver extract and to a mixture of amino acids that simulated the free amino acid content of liver extract.

An abundant supply of amino acids enhances the metabolic effect of exercise on muscle protein

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. E122-E129 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Biolo ◽  
K. D. Tipton ◽  
S. Klein ◽  
R. R. Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid Mixture ◽  
Acid Mixture ◽  
Protein Kinetics ◽  
Amino Acid Infusion

Six normal untrained men were studied during the intravenous infusion of a balanced amino acid mixture (approximately 0.15 g.kg-1.h-1 for 3 h) at rest and after a leg resistance exercise routine to test the influence of exercise on the regulation of muscle protein kinetics by hyperaminoacidemia. Leg muscle protein kinetics and transport of selected amino acids (alanine, phenylalanine, leucine, and lysine) were isotopically determined using a model based on arteriovenous blood samples and muscle biopsy. The intravenous amino acid infusion resulted in comparable increases in arterial amino acid concentrations at rest and after exercise, whereas leg blood flow was 64 +/- 5% greater after exercise than at rest. During hyperaminoacidemia, the increases in amino acid transport above basal were 30-100% greater after exercise than at rest. Increases in muscle protein synthesis were also greater after exercise than at rest (291 +/- 42% vs. 141 +/- 45%). Muscle protein breakdown was not significantly affected by hyperminoacidemia either at rest or after exercise. We conclude that the stimulatory effect of exogenous amino acids on muscle protein synthesis is enhanced by prior exercise, perhaps in part because of enhanced blood flow. Our results imply that protein intake immediately after exercise may be more anabolic than when ingested at some later time.

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