Kinetics of hexose uptake by the small and large intestine of the chicken

1996 ◽  
Vol 271 (4) ◽  
pp. R1085-R1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Amat ◽  
J. M. Planas ◽  
M. Moreto
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Minor Role ◽  
Passive Mechanism ◽  
Hexose Uptake ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Distal Direction ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The kinetic parameters of hexose uptake by the small and large intestine of the chicken have been determined in vitro. Rates of initial influx of alpha-methyl-D-glucoside and L-glucose were measured in everted sleeves of the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, proximal cecum, and rectum. Results show the following. 1) Maximal transport capacity values for alpha-methyl-D-glucoside show that the jejunum is the segment that is best suited for Na(+)-mediated uptake. 2) The calculated apparent Michaelis constant values were (in mmol/l) 11.6 for duodenum, 7.8 for jejunum, 3.5 for ileum, 2.4 for proximal cecum, and 7.1 for rectum. This suggests that, with the exception of the rectum, the affinity of the carrier for alpha-methyl-D-glucoside progressively increases in the distal direction. 3) Diffusion constant values indicate that influx of hexoses by a passive mechanism in the duodenum and proximal cecum is significantly higher than in the other segments. 4) The sum of passive and mediated mechanisms confers to the duodenum and jejunum a high capacity to absorb hexoses. The ileum, proximal cecum, and rectum have a quantitatively minor role, albeit significant, in completing the absorptive function.

Kinetic evidence for separate systems in transport of D- and L-methionine by rat small intestine

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (3) ◽  
pp. G320-G324
Author(s):  
P. Brachet ◽  
F. Alvarado ◽  
A. Puigserver
Keyword(s):  
Brush Border Membrane ◽  
Diffusion Constant ◽  
Membrane Vesicles ◽  
Beta Alanine ◽  
Imino Acid ◽  
Methionine Uptake ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Dependent Pathway

The kinetics of D- and L-methionine uptake by rings of everted intestine in vitro are consistent with a saturable Michaelis-Menten component (Km = 11.7 and 1.7 mM; Vmax = 0.53 and 0.74 mumol X g-1 X min-1 for D- and L-methionine, respectively) plus a linear, diffusional one. All the data could be fit with a diffusion constant (Kd = 3.2 microliters X g-1 X min-1), which was essentially the same, independent of whether it was estimated by iteration or by using the extracellular marker, inulin. Similar results were obtained from in vivo perfusion experiments, except that the diffusional term was negligible. D-Methionine was found to inhibit L-methionine uptake by intestinal rings according to fully noncompetitive kinetics (Ki = 45 mM). Another set of experiments with jejunal brush-border membrane vesicles showed that D-methionine uptake is dependent on a Na+ gradient and is significantly inhibited by L-methionine and L-proline, but not by beta-alanine and alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid. Our results indicate that, in rat jejunum, D-methionine is taken up through a Na+-dependent pathway distinct from the neutral amino acid (L-methionine) carrier and from the imino acid (L-proline, alpha-methylaminoisobutyric acid, beta-alanine) carrier.

scholarly journals Various Indigestible Saccharides Enhance Net Calcium Transport from the Epithelium of the Small and Large Intestine of Rats In Vitro

2001 ◽  
Vol 131 (12) ◽  
pp. 3243-3246 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hitoshi Mineo ◽  
Hiroshi Hara ◽  
Hiroto Kikuchi ◽  
Hiroaki Sakurai ◽  
Fusao Tomita
Keyword(s):  
Large Intestine ◽  
Calcium Transport ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

scholarly journals In vitro study for investigating the impact of decreasing the molecular weight of oat bran dietary fibre components on the behaviour in small and large intestine

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 6680-6691 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia Rosa-Sibakov ◽  
Noora Mäkelä ◽  
Anna-Marja Aura ◽  
Tuula Sontag-Strohm ◽  
Emilia Nordlund
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

The objective of this work was to evaluate the role of β-glucan molecular weight (Mw) and the presence of other carbohydrates on the physiological functionality of oat bran via an in vitro digestion study.

scholarly journals An in vitro method for studying digestion in the pig

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
pp. 673-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Löwgren ◽  
H. Graham ◽  
P. Åman
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
In Vitro Method ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Kinetics Of Degradation ◽  
Kinetics Of ◽  
Grower Diet ◽  
Feed Samples ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

1. An in vitro method, using duodenal and ileal digesta and faeces from pigs as inocula for the preparation of three incubation media for simulating the digestive processes in the pig, was proposed. The kinetics of degradation in these three media of three feed samples (pig-grower diet, sugar-beet pulp and wheat bran) with crude protein (nitrogen × 6.25) contents varying from 111 to 196 g/kg, starch contents from 10 to 446 g/kg and dietary fibre contents from 168 to 686 g/kg, were studied.2. The method was investigated by incubating the feeds in the three media for up to 96 h, and determining the rate and extent of disappearance of feed components.3. For each feed the 96 h dry matter disappearance was almost equal for all media, although the rate of disappearance varied considerably, with ileal digesta the most potent, particularly for the high-fibre feeds, and duodenal digesta the least. The patterns of disappearance of individual components were similar in all media, with the exception of crude protein which was apparently less degraded in ileal and especially faecal media.4. Results suggest that a combination of a short (6–12 h) and a long (48–72 h) in vitro incubation could be employed to simulate digestion in the small and large intestine respectively of the pig.

scholarly journals Preliminary Test of the Reduction Capacity for the Intestinal Adsorption of Skatole and Indole in Weaning Piglets by Pure and Coated Charcoal

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2720
Author(s):  
Franziska Witte ◽  
Aleksandar Pajic ◽  
Florian Menger ◽  
Igor Tomasevic ◽  
Dana Carina Schubert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Preliminary Test ◽  
Boar Taint ◽  
Intact Male ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Weaning Piglets ◽  
Reduction Capacity

To reduce the risk of boar taint, intact male piglets are immuno- or surgically castrated. One alternative is reducing skatole by adding skatole reducing or adsorbing substances to the boars’ diet. Charcoal with a high capacity for adsorbing skatole and indole in vitro (tested before, data not shown) was fed to the boars to test the hypothesis that a fat coating prevents the unspecific adsorption of charcoal before entry into the large intestine while increasing skatole adsorption. Twelve male and six female weaning piglets with initial body weights of 7.74 ± 0.75 kg were fed for 18 (or 19) days with either 2% pure (untreated) charcoal or 4% coated (50% charcoal + 50% fat-coating) charcoal or no charcoal. After euthanasia, skatole and indole were quantified in caecum and colon chyme. Skatole and indole contents in caecum chyme were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in the group fed with coated charcoal (33 ± 4.2, 7 ± 2.8 µg/gDM, respectively) than in the group fed with pure charcoal (51 ± 7.3, 14 ± 3.0 µg/gDM) or with no charcoal (73 ± 12.6, 15 ± 1.7 µg/gDM). Similar effects were obvious for colon chyme. The results indicate that a fat coating of charcoal might prevent unspecific adsorption in the small intestine and might consequently lead to a higher adsorption capacity for skatole and indole in the large intestine, as skatole and indole concentrations in the chyme of caecum and colon were approximately 50% lower in the piglets who received coated charcoal.

Heterogeneity in enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coliO157:H7 fecal shedding in cattle is related toEscherichia coliO157:H7 colonization of the small and large intestine

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 984-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Baines ◽  
Byron Lee ◽  
Tim McAllister
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Large Intestine ◽  
Escherichia Coli O157 ◽  
Ascending Colon ◽  
Fecal Shedding ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthy Cattle ◽  
Small And Large Intestine

In the last decade, Escherichia coli O157:H7 have emerged as important pathogens of the gastrointestinal tract of humans. Healthy cattle have been identified as the primary reservoir, however, the factors affecting heterogeneous E. coli O157:H7 fecal shedding are not fully understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the contribution of E. coli O157:H7 colonization of small and large intestinal sites to the heterogeneity of fecal shedding in cattle. There was a dose-dependant E. coli O157:H7 E318N colonization of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, ascending colon, spiral colon, descending colon, and the rectoanal junction in vitro with no difference in E. coli O157:H7 colonization of the rectoanal junction and other intestinal sites. There were 10–100 times greater E. coli O157:H7 colonization of intestinal sites from persistent shedding cattle compared with nonpersistent shedding cattle. Novel pathologies were associated with E. coli O157:H7 colonization sites in the small and large intestine. The first pathology, focal petechiae, was present throughout the intestinal tract of cattle that ceased shedding E. coli O157:H7 for 5–12 weeks or in the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and ascending colon of cattle shedding E. coli O157:H7 for 4–5 months. The second pathology, mucosal hemorrhages, was present in the same sites as the focal petechiae in cattle shedding for 5 months and these hemorrhages were in the final stages of repair. Several features of these hemorrhages support this conclusion including the brown appearance, low amount of classic E. coli O157:H7 induced A/E lesions, flattened epithelium, and blunted villi. Although mucosal hemorrhages were present in the jejunum, ileum, cecum, and ascending colon in cattle shedding for 4 months, many other pathologies were also present that were indicative of hemorrhagic enteritis as evidenced by the blood red appearance of hemorrhages, severe edema, and dark red erythema. Escherichia coli O157:H7 were associated with both pathologies suggesting it is the causative agent. The current study supports a relationship between the amount of E. coli O157:H7 colonization in intestinal sites and heterogeneous fecal shedding by cattle.

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