Cholecystokinin and leptin act synergistically to  reduce body weight

Leptin, the product of the obese gene, reduces food intake and body weight in rats and mice, whereas administration of the gut-peptide CCK reduces meal size but not body weight. In the current experiments, we report that repeated daily combination of intracerebroventricular leptin and intraperitoneal CCK results in significantly greater loss of body weight than does leptin alone. However, leptin plus CCK treatment does not synergistically reduce the size of individual 30-min sucrose meals during this period, and the effect of leptin-CCK combination on daily chow intake, while significant, is small compared with the robust effects on body weight loss. This synergistic effect on body weight loss depends on a peripheral action of CCK and a central action of leptin. These data suggest a previously unsuspected role for CCK in body weight regulation that may not depend entirely on reduction of feeding behavior and suggest a strategy for enhancing the effects of leptin in leptin-resistant obese individuals.

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The Skinny on Body Weight Regulation: The Role of Retinoid Signaling in Photoperiod-Mediated Weight Loss

Endocrinology ◽

10.1210/en.2003-1346 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 145 (1) ◽

pp. 11-12

Author(s):

Lance J. Kriegsfeld ◽

Rae Silver

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Regulation ◽

Body Weight Regulation ◽

Retinoid Signaling

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Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Treating Patients with Overweight and Obesity

Clinical Chemistry ◽

10.1373/clinchem.2017.272443 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 99-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

John M Jakicic ◽

Renee J Rogers ◽

Kelliann K Davis ◽

Katherine A Collins

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Overweight And Obesity ◽

Current Evidence ◽

Dietary Modification ◽

Weight Regulation ◽

Body Weight Regulation ◽

Lifestyle Behavior

Abstract BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns that are linked to numerous negative health consequences. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior that contributes to body weight regulation. CONTENT Physical activity is inversely associated with weight gain and the incidence of obesity. Physical activity also contributes to additional weight loss when coupled with dietary modification, and it can result in modest weight loss when not coupled with dietary modification. Moreover, physical activity is associated with improved long-term weight loss and prevention of weight gain following initial weight loss. Current evidence supports that physical activity should be moderate to vigorous in intensity to influence body weight regulation. There is also a growing body of evidence that physical activity can be accumulated throughout the day in shorter periods of time rather than being performed during a structured and longer period, and that physical activity performed in this manner can be important for body weight regulation. SUMMARY The literature supports the inclusion of physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior for regulating body weight. There are multiple intervention approaches that may be effective for enhancing physical activity engagement within the context of weight control.

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Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice

Science ◽

10.1126/science.7624776 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 269 (5223) ◽

pp. 540-543 ◽

Cited By ~ 2732

Author(s):

M. Pelleymounter ◽

M. Cullen ◽

M. Baker ◽

R Hecht ◽

D Winters ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Gene Product ◽

Weight Regulation ◽

Body Weight Regulation ◽

Obese Gene

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Effect of diabetes-specific nutrition formulas on satiety and hunger hormones in patients with type 2 diabetes

Nutrition and Diabetes ◽

10.1038/s41387-019-0093-x ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Adham Mottalib ◽

Martin J. Abrahamson ◽

David M. Pober ◽

Rani Polak ◽

Ahmed H. Eldib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Peptide Yy ◽

Area Under The Curve ◽

Body Weight Loss ◽

Nutrition Therapy ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Reduce Body Weight

Abstract Objectives Diabetes-specific nutritional formulas (DSNFs) are frequently used by patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) as part of nutrition therapy to improve glycemic control and reduce body weight. However, their effects on hunger and satiety hormones when compared to an isocaloric standardized breakfast are not fully understood. This study aims to evaluate the postprandial effects of two DSNFs—Glucerna (GL) and Ultra Glucose Control (UGC)—versus oatmeal on selected satiety and hunger hormones. Method After an overnight fast, 22 patients with T2D (mean age 62.3 ± 6.8 years, A1C 6.8 ± 0.7%, body weight 97.4 ± 21.3 kg, and BMI 33.2 ± 5.9 kg/m²) were given 200 kcal of each meal on three separate days. Blood samples for amylin, cholecystokinin (CCK), ghrelin, glucagon, leptin, and peptide-YY (PYY) were collected at baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 min after the start of each meal. Incremental area under the curve (iAUC0-240) for each hormone was calculated. Results iAUC0-240 for glucagon and PYY were significantly higher after GL and UGC than after oatmeal (p < 0.001 for both). No difference was observed between the three meals on postprandial amylin, CCK, ghrelin, and leptin hormones. Conclusions Intake of DSNFs significantly increases secretion of PYY and glucagon, two important satiety hormones. While subjective satiety was not directly evaluated, the increased effect on satiety hormones may partially explain the mechanism of body weight loss associated with DSNF use.

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