scholarly journals The Skinny on Body Weight Regulation: The Role of Retinoid Signaling in Photoperiod-Mediated Weight Loss

Endocrinology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 145 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-12
Author(s):  
Lance J. Kriegsfeld ◽  
Rae Silver
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Retinoid Signaling

scholarly journals Role of Physical Activity and Exercise in Treating Patients with Overweight and Obesity

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M Jakicic ◽  
Renee J Rogers ◽  
Kelliann K Davis ◽  
Katherine A Collins
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Dietary Modification ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Lifestyle Behavior

Abstract BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity are significant public health concerns that are linked to numerous negative health consequences. Physical activity is an important lifestyle behavior that contributes to body weight regulation. CONTENT Physical activity is inversely associated with weight gain and the incidence of obesity. Physical activity also contributes to additional weight loss when coupled with dietary modification, and it can result in modest weight loss when not coupled with dietary modification. Moreover, physical activity is associated with improved long-term weight loss and prevention of weight gain following initial weight loss. Current evidence supports that physical activity should be moderate to vigorous in intensity to influence body weight regulation. There is also a growing body of evidence that physical activity can be accumulated throughout the day in shorter periods of time rather than being performed during a structured and longer period, and that physical activity performed in this manner can be important for body weight regulation. SUMMARY The literature supports the inclusion of physical activity as an important lifestyle behavior for regulating body weight. There are multiple intervention approaches that may be effective for enhancing physical activity engagement within the context of weight control.

Pharmacological treatment strategies for patients with monogenic obesity

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 967-973
Author(s):  
Peter Kühnen ◽  
Susanna Wiegand ◽  
Heike Biebermann
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Treatment ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Melanocortin Signaling ◽  
Recent Research Progress

AbstractThe leptin melanocortin signaling pathway is playing a pivotal role for body weight regulation. Genetic defects within this cascade are leading to severe hyperphagia and early onset obesity. In most cases, due to persistent hyperphagia the affected patients are not able to stabilize body weight for a longer period of time with conservative treatment strategies based on lifestyle interventions. Therefore, it is of importance to implement alternative treatment options for these patients. This review provides an overview about the published pharmacological treatment attempts in respect to monogenic forms of obesity and summarizes recent research progress about the role of MC4R signaling and POMC derivatives for body weight regulation.

Cholecystokinin and leptin act synergistically to reduce body weight

2000 ◽  
Vol 278 (4) ◽  
pp. R882-R890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire A. Matson ◽  
Dana F. Reid ◽  
Todd A. Cannon ◽  
Robert C. Ritter
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Central Action ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Obese Gene ◽  
Reduce Body Weight ◽  
Rats And Mice ◽  
Peripheral Action

Leptin, the product of the obese gene, reduces food intake and body weight in rats and mice, whereas administration of the gut-peptide CCK reduces meal size but not body weight. In the current experiments, we report that repeated daily combination of intracerebroventricular leptin and intraperitoneal CCK results in significantly greater loss of body weight than does leptin alone. However, leptin plus CCK treatment does not synergistically reduce the size of individual 30-min sucrose meals during this period, and the effect of leptin-CCK combination on daily chow intake, while significant, is small compared with the robust effects on body weight loss. This synergistic effect on body weight loss depends on a peripheral action of CCK and a central action of leptin. These data suggest a previously unsuspected role for CCK in body weight regulation that may not depend entirely on reduction of feeding behavior and suggest a strategy for enhancing the effects of leptin in leptin-resistant obese individuals.

scholarly journals Role of GABA Release From Leptin Receptor-Expressing Neurons in Body Weight Regulation

Endocrinology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 153 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223-2233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuanzhong Xu ◽  
William G. O'Brien ◽  
Cheng-Chi Lee ◽  
Martin G. Myers ◽  
Qingchun Tong
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Leptin Receptor ◽  
Gaba Release ◽  
Neuron Activity ◽  
Chow Diet ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
The Brain

It is well established that leptin regulates energy balance largely through isoform B leptin receptor-expressing neurons (LepR neurons) in the brain and that leptin activates one subset of LepR neurons (leptin-excited neurons) while inhibiting the other (leptin-inhibited neurons). However, the neurotransmitters released from LepR neurons that mediate leptin action in the brain are not well understood. Previous results demonstrate that leptin mainly acts on γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurons to reduce body weight, and that leptin activates proopiomelanocortin neuron activity by reducing GABA release onto these neurons, suggesting a body weight-promoting role for GABA released from leptin-inhibited neurons. To directly examine the role of GABA release from LepR neurons in body weight regulation, mice with disruption of GABA release specifically from LepR neurons were generated by deletion of vesicular GABA transporter in LepR neurons. Interestingly, these mice developed mild obesity on chow diet and were sensitive to diet-induced obesity, which were associated with higher food intake and lower energy expenditure. Moreover, these mice showed blunted responses in both food intake and body weight to acute leptin administration. These results demonstrate that GABA plays an important role in mediating leptin action. In combination with the previous studies that leptin reduces GABA release onto proopiomelanocortin neurons through leptin-inhibited neurons and that disruption of GABA release from agouti gene-related protein neurons, one subset of LepR-inhibited neurons, leads to a lean phenotype, our results suggest that, under our experimental conditions, GABA release from leptin-excited neuron dominates over leptin-inhibited ones.

“The role of melanocortins in body weight regulation: opportunities for the treatment of obesity”

2002 ◽  
Vol 450 (1) ◽  
pp. 93-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas J. MacNeil ◽  
Andrew D. Howard ◽  
Xiaoming Guan ◽  
Tung M. Fong ◽  
Ravi P. Nargund ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Treatment Of Obesity
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