scholarly journals Role of adaptor protein p66Shc in renal pathologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 314 (2) ◽  
pp. F143-F153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin D. Wright ◽  
Alexander Staruschenko ◽  
Andrey Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Adaptor Proteins ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Kidney Physiology ◽  
Signaling Mechanisms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Key Questions

p66Shc is one of the three adaptor proteins encoded by the Shc1 gene, which are expressed in many organs, including the kidney. Recent studies shed new light on several key questions concerning the signaling mechanisms mediated by p66Shc. The central goal of this review article is to summarize recent findings on p66Shc and the role it plays in kidney physiology and pathology. This article provides a review of the various mechanisms whereby p66Shc has been shown to function within the kidney through a wide range of actions. The mitochondrial and cytoplasmic signaling of p66Shc, as it relates to production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and renal pathologies, is further discussed.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress in animals: a pathophysiologist's view

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 (4) ◽  
pp. 10-18
Author(s):  
Dmitriy Gildikov
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Publication Activity ◽  
Pathophysiological Mechanism ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Intracellular Oxidative Stress

In the review article, from the modern standpoint, oxidative stress is considered as a universal pathophysiological mechanism of the vast majority of diseases in animals. A brief review of the publication activity in the world on this topic; the significance of reactive oxygen species in the physiology and development of intracellular oxidative stress, the role of etiological factors that initiate their hyperproduction are presented, as well the methods of detecting oxidative stress are characterizited. General concepts of the antioxidant system of the animal body are examined, and the pathophysiological targets of oxidative stress in animals are generalized.

scholarly journals Modulation of Obesity and Insulin Resistance by the Redox Enzyme and Adaptor Protein p66Shc

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Ciciliot ◽  
Gian Fadini
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Pathways ◽  
Adaptor Protein ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Related Protein ◽  
Redox Enzyme ◽  
Obesity And Diabetes ◽  
Promising Therapeutic Target

Initially reported as a longevity-related protein, the 66 kDa isoform of the mammalian Shc1 locus has been implicated in several metabolic pathways, being able to act both as an adaptor protein and as a redox enzyme capable of generating reactive oxygen species (ROS) when it localizes to the mitochondrion. Ablation of p66Shc has been shown to be protective against obesity and the insurgence of insulin resistance, but not all the studies available in the literature agree on these points. This review will focus in particular on the role of p66Shc in the modulation of glucose homeostasis, obesity, body temperature, and respiration/energy expenditure. In view of the obesity and diabetes epidemic, p66Shc may represent a promising therapeutic target with enormous implications for human health.

scholarly journals The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Arsenic Toxicity

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuxin Hu ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
Ruirui Wu ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Arsenic Exposure ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Cell Behavior ◽  
Arsenic Toxicity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Global Health Problem

Arsenic poisoning is a global health problem. Chronic exposure to arsenic has been associated with the development of a wide range of diseases and health problems in humans. Arsenic exposure induces the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), which mediate multiple changes to cell behavior by altering signaling pathways and epigenetic modifications, or cause direct oxidative damage to molecules. Antioxidants with the potential to reduce ROS levels have been shown to ameliorate arsenic-induced lesions. However, emerging evidence suggests that constructive activation of antioxidative pathways and decreased ROS levels contribute to chronic arsenic toxicity in some cases. This review details the pathways involved in arsenic-induced redox imbalance, as well as current studies on prophylaxis and treatment strategies using antioxidants.

The Pathogenesis of Vitiligo

2013 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 153-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Malhotra ◽  
Marlene Dytoc
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Genetic Predisposition ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Review Article ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pigmentary Disorder ◽  
The World ◽  
The Way

Background: Vitiligo is a commonly encountered pigmentary disorder. Numerous studies and investigations from all over the world have attempted to determine the mechanisms behind this disease; however, the pathogenesis of vitiligo remains elusive. Objective: In this comprehensive review article, we present the findings behind the five overarching theories of what causes this disfiguring and psychologically debilitating disease. Method: We begin our discussion with the role of genetic predisposition and move onward to the neural theory first proposed in the 1950s. Next we discuss the autoimmune hypothesis, followed by the reactive oxygen species model, and conclude by describing the findings of the more recent melanocytorrhagy hypothesis. Conclusion: Although the exact pathogenesis of vitiligo is uncertain, each of these theories likely plays a role. Understanding each theory would pave the way for therapeutic advances for this disease.

scholarly journals The Role of Reactive Oxygen Species in Acute Myeloid Leukaemia

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 6003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sillar ◽  
Germon ◽  
DeIuliis ◽  
Dun
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Acute Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Myeloid Leukaemia ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Clinical Work ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Poor Overall Survival ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Acute Myeloid

Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) is an aggressive haematological malignancy with a poor overall survival. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been shown to be elevated in a wide range of cancers including AML. Whilst previously thought to be mere by-products of cellular metabolism, it is now clear that ROS modulate the function of signalling proteins through oxidation of critical cysteine residues. In this way, ROS have been shown to regulate normal haematopoiesis as well as promote leukaemogenesis in AML. In addition, ROS promote genomic instability by damaging DNA, which promotes chemotherapy resistance. The source of ROS in AML appears to be derived from members of the “NOX family” of NADPH oxidases. Most studies link NOX-derived ROS to activating mutations in the Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and Ras-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate (Ras). Targeting ROS through either ROS induction or ROS inhibition provides a novel therapeutic target in AML. In this review, we summarise the role of ROS in normal haematopoiesis and in AML. We also explore the current treatments that modulate ROS levels in AML and discuss emerging drug targets based on pre-clinical work.

scholarly journals Sirtuins: Enzymes with multidirectional catalytic activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
pp. 152-174
Author(s):  
Ewa Maria Kratz ◽  
Katarzyna Sołkiewicz ◽  
Agnieszka Kaczmarek ◽  
Agnieszka Piwowar
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Human Body ◽  
Histone Deacetylases ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Post Translational Modification ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Wide Range

Sirtuins (SIRT) are NAD+-dependent histone deacetylases that play an important role in the functioning of the human body. They participate in numerous processes taking place in cells, including in the post-translational modification of proteins, silencing gene transcription, inducing repair processes, as well as in the regulation of metabolic processes. Sirtuins have also been shown to play an important role in reducing the level of reactive oxygen species as well as in stimulating cell growth, aging and death. Such a wide range of processes, which are affected by sirtuins, have recently made sirtuins the object of many studies aimed at a detailed understanding of the mechanisms of their action and the role they play. The aim of our study was to collect and systematize information on sirtuins, mainly from the last 10 years, both regarding the human body and based on the results of research on animal models or cell lines. The article discusses the structure, function and biological role of sirtuins in cellular processes.

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