Mechanical properties and dimensions of the major pulmonary arteries

1960 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dali J. Patel ◽  
Donald P. Schilder ◽  
Alexander J. Mallos
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Control ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between instantaneous distending pressure and diameter of the pulmonary artery was studied in 18 living thoracotomized dogs. An electrical caliper with adequate recording characteristics was developed for instantaneous diameter measurement. Control observations were made over a range of pressures induced by rapid, right heart dextran-infusion and were compared with those obtained during norepinephrine administration. Results indicate: a) the pulse contours of the pulmonary artery pressure and diameter are essentially identical, indicating negligible inertance and viscous resistance of the vessel wall, b) the mean change in average radius during a cardiac cycle was ±7.8% ± 2.86 S.D. ± .32 S.E.M. (0.48%/cm H2O pulse pressure) under control conditions, c) the ratio of change in radius to pulse pressure, R/P, showed a significant decrease during norepinephrine administration when compared to control values within the same pressure range (P < .01) and d) the cross-sectional area of the main pulmonary artery exceeded that of the right and left combined. Note: (With the Technical Assistance of Alfred G. T. Casper) Submitted on August 25, 1959

Pulmonary arterial elasticity in awake dogs

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 840-848 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Grant ◽  
J. M. Canty ◽  
G. Srinivasan ◽  
A. S. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial Pressure ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Elasticity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Pulmonary Arterial ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Made In

We measured the relationship between pulmonary arterial pressure (Ppa), diameter (D), and length of a segment of the main pulmonary artery (MPA) in chronically instrumented conscious dogs breathing spontaneously (CCC). There were no physiologically significant changes in Ppa or D in the CCC dogs postoperatively, and the cross-sectional MPA shape measured by fast computed tomography was nearly circular. These results suggest that the MPA was not distorted by chronic instrumentation. We compared measurements made in the CCC dogs with previous measurements in acutely instrumented anesthetized dogs with open chests (AAO). The elasticity of MPA in the CCC animals was frequency dependent between 1 and 14 Hz and was similar to that in the AAO dogs. Oscillations of D preceded Ppa at cardiac frequencies in the AAO animals, but the D and Ppa oscillations were in phase in the CCC animals. The oscillations of length relative to D were significantly less in the CCC than in the AAO dogs. We conclude that, with limitations, the hemodynamic properties of the MPA can be measured in the CCC subjects. We suggest that the discrepancies between the AAO and CCC dogs can be attributed to differences in extrinsic loading of the MPA.

scholarly journals Muscle Activity and Morphology in Slalom Skiing by a Single-Leg Amputee Ski Racer: A Case Study of a Paralympic Athlete

2021 ◽  
pp. 500-5007
Author(s):  
Yusuke Ishige ◽  
Shinsuke Yoshioka ◽  
Noriko Hakamada ◽  
Yuki Inaba
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Elite Athlete ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Biceps Femoris ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Measurement Units ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to clarify the characteristics of skiing by a single-leg amputee ski racer from the viewpoints of muscle activity, morphology, and the relationship between both elements through comparisons with those of a non-disabled ski racer. One elite athlete, classified as LW2 (left thigh amputation), and one non-disabled athlete, as a control, participated in this study. The cross-sectional area of thigh muscles was measured through magnetic resonance imaging. Additionally, muscle activities and joint and segment kinematics during slalom skiing were measured using electromyography and inertial measurement units, respectively. The muscle activities and joint kinematics of the amputee racer in the turn in which he performed with the inside edge of the ski were similar to those of the outside leg of the non-disabled racer over a turn. In contrast, at the turn in which the amputee racer performed with the outside edge (more difficult side), the amputee racer largely activated the biceps femoris (BF) in the first half of the turn compared to the non-disabled racer. The reason could be to control the angular momentum of the trunk during the forward tilting motion. This is because a greater activity of the BF was observed during the period in which the forward tilt of the trunk was increased, and the mean activity of the BF was the greatest during the first half of the right turn in which the range of the motion of the forward tilt was the greatest. In terms of muscle morphology of the amputee racer, a significant hypertrophy of the BF and vastus lateralis was observed compared to the non-disabled racers. The well-developed BF was considered to be related to the large activity during the turn performed with the outside edge of the ski.

Case 13.2

2014 ◽  
pp. 617-618
Author(s):  
Christine U. Lee ◽  
James F. Glockner
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Inversion Recovery ◽  
Proton Density ◽  
Pulmonary Emboli ◽  
Shortness Of Breath ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
The Right

74-year-old man with shortness of breath and fatigue; CT showed large central pulmonary emboli Axial double inversion recovery (Figure 13.2.1) and triple inversion recovery (Figure 13.2.2) proton density-weighted and T2-weighted ECG-gated FSE images reveal a nearly occlusive soft tissue mass with increased T2-signal intensity in the main pulmonary artery and extending into the right and left main pulmonary arteries. Coronal postgadolinium 3D SPGR images (...

Anomalous origin of both pulmonary arteries from the ascending aorta with a nonbranching main pulmonary artery arising from the right ventricle

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Aotsuka ◽  
Yoko Nagai ◽  
Manabu Saito ◽  
Hiroo Matsumoto ◽  
Tsunetaro Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Right Ventricle ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Ascending Aorta ◽  
Anomalous Origin ◽  
The Right

Pulmonary hypertension induced with an intra-arterial balloon: an alternate mechanism

1986 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 746-751 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Lloyd ◽  
C. E. Juratsch
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Arterial Pressure ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Balloon Inflation ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right

The Laks catheter is a triple-lumen balloon catheter used to distend the canine main pulmonary artery while recording right ventricular pressure and the arterial pressure distal to the balloon. A rise in arterial pressure reported to occur during distension has been attributed to vasoconstriction rather than passive obstruction by the balloon. We tested this in six anesthetized dogs by inflating the Laks catheter-balloon while recording pressure distal to the balloon from the Laks catheter as well as from additional catheters in right and left pulmonary arteries placed retrogradely through lobar branches following thoracotomy. We found that balloon inflation increased pressures in the arterial port of the Laks catheter and in the left pulmonary artery catheter but reduced it in the right pulmonary artery. Tightening a snare around the right pulmonary artery had the same effects on pressures. Similar results were obtained while cardiac output was controlled by left ventricular bypass perfusion in four dogs. We conclude that the Laks catheter-balloon obstructs flow to the right lung and that the arterial pressure rise recorded in it during balloon inflation cannot be distinguished from that caused by occlusion of the right pulmonary artery.

Mechanical function of the main pulmonary artery

1962 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dali J. Patel ◽  
Flavio M. De Freitas ◽  
Alexander J. Mallos
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Vessel Wall ◽  
Water Pressure ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Longitudinal Motion ◽  
Wall Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

The relationship among the longitudinal strain, circumferential strain, lateral intravascular pressure, blood flow, and longitudinal motion was examined in the main pulmonary artery of living, open-chested dogs. Results indicate: 1) The mean value for longitudinal extensibility was 0.73% change in length per centimeter of water pressure (± .19 sd ± .04 sem). 2) The mean value for volume distensibility was 2.28% change in volume per centimeter of water pressure (± .9 sd ± .17 sem). 3) The magnitude of the radial vessel wall velocity is small. 4) The magnitude of the longitudinal vessel wall velocity, though small over most of the cardiac cycle, may become significant at the beginning of cardiac systole, especially during isoproterenol administration. Submitted on October 3, 1961

Relation between pressure and diameter in main pulmonary artery of man

1963 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 557-559 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph C. Greenfield ◽  
Douglas M. Griggs
Keyword(s):  
Elastic Modulus ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Heart Surgery ◽  
Cardiac Cycle ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Open Heart Surgery ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravascular Pressure

The pressure-diameter relationship in the main pulmonary artery of man was estimated in 11 patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The diameter was measured with a recording caliper sutured to the vessel wall. The lateral intravascular pressure was measured with a 20-gauge needle connected directly to a Statham P23Db strain gauge. In the eight patients with normal pulmonary artery pressure the results indicate: 1) the shapes of the pressure and diameter curves are similar; 2) the mean value for the ratio of change in radius to change in pressure (ΔR/ΔP) x 103 was 8.77 cm/cm H2O (±sd 2.10); 3) the mean value for the pressure-strain elastic modulus (Ep) was 159.0 g/cm2 (±sd 26.0); and 4) the mean change in cross-sectional area during an average cardiac cycle was 22.9% of the diastolic value. In three patients with pulmonary hypertension the value of both ΔR/ΔP and the pressure-strain elastic modulus was lower. Submitted on April 27, 1962

scholarly journals A Case of Pulmonary Sarcoma with Significant Extension into the Right Lung

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Inoue ◽  
Yotaro Izumi ◽  
Kenjiro Sakaki ◽  
Keiko Abe ◽  
Teruaki Oka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Spindle Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Sarcoma ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Lung Segment ◽  
Significant Extension ◽  
The Right

A female patient in her 30s was referred to us with a mass approximately 8 centimeters in diameter in right lung segment 6. Bronchoscopy was done, and a tumorous lesion obstructing right B6 was found. Biopsy of this lesion supported suspicions of sarcoma or spindle cell carcinoma. Contrast-enhanced CT showed that the mass extended to and obstructed the right main pulmonary artery. A skip lesion was also suspected in the periphery of pulmonary artery trunk. The tumor was removed by right pneumonectomy accompanied by resection of the main and left pulmonary arteries under cardiopulmonary bypass. The pulmonary artery trunk and the left pulmonary artery were reconstructed with a vascular graft. Collectively, intimal sarcoma originating from the right main pulmonary artery with extension into the right lung was diagnosed. Significant extension of pulmonary artery sarcoma into the lung, as was observed in the present case, is considered to be rare, and to our knowledge this is the first report in which the primary lesion was biopsied by bronchoscopy.

In-Vitro Pulsatile Flow Visualization Studies in a Pulmonary Artery Model

1985 ◽  
Vol 107 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Philpot ◽  
A. P. Yoganathan ◽  
H.-W. Sung ◽  
Y.-R. Woo ◽  
R. H. Franch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Flow Visualization ◽  
Pulsatile Flow ◽  
Main Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Arteries ◽  
Left Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Deceleration Phase ◽  
Right Pulmonary Artery ◽  
The Right

In-vitro pulsatile flow visualization studies were conducted in an adult-sized pulmonary artery model to observe the effects of valvular pulmonic stenosis on the flow fields of the main, left and right pulmonary arteries. The flow patterns revealed that as the degree of stenosis increased, the jet-type flow created by the valve became narrower, and it impinged on the far (distal) wall of the left pulmonary artery further downstream from the junction of the bifurcation. This in turn led to larger regions of disturbed turbulent flow, as well as helical-type secondary flow motions in the left pulmonary artery, compared to the right pulmonary artery. The flow field in the main pulmonary artery also became more disturbed and turbulent, especially during peak systole and the deceleration phase. The flow visualization observations have been valuable in helping to conduct further quantitative studies such as pressure and velocity field mapping. Such studies are important to understanding the fluid mechanics characteristics of the main pulmonary artery and its two major branches.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document