Tetanic force development of adductor pollicis muscle in anesthetized man

1975 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 714-717 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Sugai ◽  
R. Worsley ◽  
J. P. Payne
Keyword(s):  
Adductor Pollicis ◽  
Tetanic Contraction ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Oxygen ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Stimulation Of

The tetanic force development of the human adductor pollicis muscle was studied under light anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and Demerol, by the use of tetanic stimulation of the ulnar nerve at frequencies ranging from 10 to 100 Hz. The time necessary for the tetanic contraction to reach a plateau was longest at frequencies between 15 and 20 Hz. Fusion of tetanus occurred between 40 and 45 Hz. The mean maximal force of 6.92 kg was developed at a mean frequency of approximately 75 Hz. The maximal force was well maintained up to a stimulation frequency of 100 Hz. The results indicate that in lightly anesthetized man, the maximal force is developed at higher stimulation frequencies than those observed in conscious man and that it is well sustained at higher frequencies.

The Antennular Activities of the Hermit Crab, Pagurus Alaskensis (Benedict)

1973 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 745-765
Author(s):  
P. J. SNOW
Keyword(s):  
Hermit Crab ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Motion Pictures ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
Circulating Water ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Withdrawal Reflexes ◽  
Resistance Forces ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The antennular activities of the hermit crab, Pagurus alaskensis, were studied with the aid of motion pictures taken at speeds of 50, 200 and 400 frames/sec. 2. Most movements of the antennule represent one of four types of antennular activity: flicking, rotation, wiping and withdrawal. These activities are described in detail. 3. Water resistance forces contribute to the timing and duration of some antennular movements. 4. Flicking occurs non-rhythmically and flicks of the left and right antennules and never synchronized. The factors which influence the mean frequency of flicking are discussed. 5. The timing of joint movements during a flick, and the morphology of the outer flagellum and the aesthetasc hairs, appear to be adapted to facilitate splaying of the aesthetascs. It is proposed that this splaying might facilitate the chemoreceptive process by circulating water around the aesthetasc hairs. 6. During antennular wiping the endopodites of the 3rd maxillipeds are used to remove debris caught amongst the aesthetasc hairs. Light mechanical stimulation of the aesthetascs is sufficient to elicit wiping. 7. The antennules are reflexively withdrawn from certain stimuli either by extension or by slow or fast flexion. The functional significance of the withdrawal reflexes are discussed in relation to the stimuli involved and the form of the reflexes. 8. Continued application of certain stimuli to the antennules, eyestalks, antennae or body results in tonic flexion withdrawal which involves postural modifications of the antennules, eyestalks and antennae.

Theophylline does not increase maximal tetanic force or diaphragm endurance in vitro

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1655-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Reid ◽  
M. J. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Current Density ◽  
Ringer Solution ◽  
Force Output ◽  
Optimal Length ◽  
Tetanic Force ◽  
Force Development ◽  
Maximal Force ◽  
Maximal Tetanic Force

These experiments tested the capacity of theophylline to improve diaphragm strength (maximal force development) and endurance (maintenance of force output during repeated contractions). Rodent diaphragm strips were mounted at optimal length in oxygenated Krebs-Ringer solution (37 degrees C, pH 7.37). Direct stimuli used supramaximal current density, 0.2-ms pulses, and 250-ms tetanic trains. Theophylline (500 mg/ml) increased force development at low stimulation frequencies but did not increase maximal force [25.7 +/- 0.5 for theophylline vs. 26.0 +/- 0.4 (SE) N/cm2 for control (n = 34)]. During repeated submaximal (25–36 Hz) tetanic contractions, theophylline did not affect endurance. During repeated maximal (160 Hz) tetanic contractions theophylline reduced endurance, accelerating the fall of developed force. Theophylline also inhibited recovery of force after endurance trials ended. We conclude that theophylline does not increase maximal tetanic force and can reduce diaphragm endurance in vitro.

CHROMATOGRAPHY OF THE 17-KETOGENIC STEROIDS IN THE DIAGNOSIS AND CONTROL OF CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXIII (II) ◽  
pp. 230-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eileen E. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
List Type ◽  
Adrenal Hyperplasia ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Paediatric Practice ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Cortisone Therapy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Clinical Problems ◽  
Stimulation Of

ABSTRACT A method for the fractionation of the urinary 17-ketogenic steroids with no oxygen grouping at C11 and those oxygenated at C11, is applied to the clinical problems of congenital adrenal hyperplasia. In normal children the mean ratio of the non-oxygenated to oxygenated steroids is 0.24. In childrern with congenital adrenal hyperplasia the ratio is 2.3. The reason for this difference in ratio is discussed. The changes in ratio found under stimulation of the adrenal gland with exogenous or endogenous corticotrophin and the suppression with cortisone therapy are studied. This test can be applied to isolated samples of urine, a major advantage in paediatric practice, and can be carried out in routine laboratories. It is found to be reliable in the diagnosis and sensitive in the control of congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Deep brain stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule in the treatment of central poststroke neuropathic pain of the lower limb: case series with long-term follow-up and literature review

2020 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
pp. 830-838 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Franzini ◽  
Giuseppe Messina ◽  
Vincenzo Levi ◽  
Antonio D’Ammando ◽  
Roberto Cordella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropathic Pain ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Internal Capsule ◽  
Posterior Limb ◽  
Vas Score ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Deep Brain ◽  
Stimulation Of

OBJECTIVECentral poststroke neuropathic pain is a debilitating syndrome that is often resistant to medical therapies. Surgical measures include motor cortex stimulation and deep brain stimulation (DBS), which have been used to relieve pain. The aim of this study was to retrospectively assess the safety and long-term efficacy of DBS of the posterior limb of the internal capsule for relieving central poststroke neuropathic pain and associated spasticity affecting the lower limb.METHODSClinical and surgical data were retrospectively collected and analyzed in all patients who had undergone DBS of the posterior limb of the internal capsule to address central poststroke neuropathic pain refractory to conservative measures. In addition, long-term pain intensity and level of satisfaction gained from stimulation were assessed. Pain was evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS). Information on gait improvement was obtained from medical records, neurological examination, and interview.RESULTSFour patients have undergone the procedure since 2001. No mortality or morbidity related to the surgery was recorded. In three patients, stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule resulted in long-term pain relief; in a fourth patient, the procedure failed to produce any long-lasting positive effect. Two patients obtained a reduction in spasticity and improved motor capability. Before surgery, the mean VAS score was 9 (range 8–10). In the immediate postoperative period and within 1 week after the DBS system had been turned on, the mean VAS score was significantly lower at a mean of 3 (range 0–6). After a mean follow-up of 5.88 years, the mean VAS score was still reduced at 5.5 (range 3–8). The mean percentage of long-term pain reduction was 38.13%.CONCLUSIONSThis series suggests that stimulation of the posterior limb of the internal capsule is safe and effective in treating patients with chronic neuropathic pain affecting the lower limb. The procedure may be a more targeted treatment method than motor cortex stimulation or other neuromodulation techniques in the subset of patients whose pain and spasticity are referred to the lower limbs.

Comparison of the Renin Response to Dopamine and Noradrenaline in Normal Subjects and Patients with Autonomic Insufficiency

1974 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 481-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. S. Wilcox ◽  
M. J. Aminoff ◽  
A. B. Kurtz ◽  
J. D. H. Slater
Keyword(s):  
Autonomic Failure ◽  
Sodium Intake ◽  
Plasma Renin ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Autonomic Reflexes ◽  
Fractional Increase ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autonomic Insufficiency ◽  
Stimulation Of

1. The effect on plasma renin activity (PRA) of dopamine and noradrenaline infusions was studied in three patients with Shy—Drager syndrome, three patients with Parkinson's disease and normal autonomic reflexes, and three healthy volunteers. The patients with the Shy—Drager syndrome had functional evidence of a peripheral lesion of the sympathetic nervous system and subnormal PRA on a controlled sodium intake. 2. In all subjects catecholamines were infused step-wise for 4 min until a 30% rise in systolic blood pressure occurred. 3. In each subject, PRA fell after noradrenaline but rose after dopamine. The mean fractional increase in PRA after dopamine was no less in the Shy—Drager patients than in the control groups. 4. The results suggest, first, that stimulation of dopamine receptors can release renin, and secondly, that inadequate renin stores cannot explain the low PRA found in our patients with autonomic failure.

35Cl NQR Spectroscopy on Salts and Molecular Compounds of Trichloroacetic Acid

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Winfried Fichtner ◽  
Axel Markworth ◽  
Norbert Weiden ◽  
Alarich Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Frequency Shift ◽  
Temperature Dependence ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Mean Frequency ◽  
35Cl Nqr ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Molecular Compounds

The temperature dependence of salts M(1)H(Cl3CCOO)2 and molecular compounds of trichloroacetic acid with amines and benzaldehydes, TCA · X, was studied,The data fit rather well to the known dependence of the mean frequency shift Δ <v(35Cl)> on the pkadifference of X with respect to TCA. A linear relation is observed between the bleaching out temperature Tb of the 35Cl NQR lines and Δ <v(35Cl)> for M(1)H(Cl3CCOO)2 and for TCA · X, X = benzaldehydes.

Slower fatigue and faster recovery of the adductor pollicis muscle in women matched for strength with men

1999 ◽  
Vol 167 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulco ◽  
Rock ◽  
Muza ◽  
Lammi ◽  
Cymerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adductor Pollicis ◽  
Adductor Pollicis Muscle
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