Intrathoracic sources of caudal mediastinal lymph node efferent lymph in sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Koike ◽  
K. H. Albertine ◽  
N. C. Staub
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Chest Wall ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Efferent Duct ◽  
Line Flow

We investigated the intrathoracic contributions to the caudal mediastinal lymph node (CMN) efferent lymph in 12 anesthetized sheep after removing possible systemic contributions from below the diaphragm. We interrupted various pathways that may send lymph to the CMN (chest wall, esophagus, lung). Because the experiment is destructive, we did the resections in various combinations and waited 1 h between steps. Base-line CMN efferent lymph flow averaged 0.90 +/- 0.52 g/15 min (mean +/- SD). Cutting the pulmonary ligaments bilaterally caused lymph flow to decrease by an average of 58%. In five sheep, cauterizing around the lung hila reduced lymph flow by 16% of base line, cauterizing along the esophagus reduced lymph flow by 18% of base line, and cauterizing along the chest wall increased lymph flow by 6% of base line. After complete isolation of the node, except for the bronchoesophageal artery, dorsal mediastinal vein, and CMN efferent duct, 14% of base-line flow remained. The lymph-to-plasma total protein concentration ratios did not change significantly with any procedure. Under the conditions of our experiments, approximately 74% of base-line intrathoracic CMN efferent flow comes from the lung.

Effects of hypoproteinemia on lung microvascular protein sieving and lung lymph flow

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 1293-1299 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Parker ◽  
N. E. Wickersham ◽  
R. J. Roselli ◽  
T. R. Harris ◽  
K. L. Brigham
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Reflection Coefficients ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Osmotic Reflection Coefficient ◽  
Lung Lymph ◽  
Lung Lymph Flow

Experiments were conducted on five chronically instrumented unanesthetized sheep to determine the effects of sustained hypoproteinemia on lung fluid balance. Plasma total protein concentration was decreased from a control value of 6.17 +/- 0.019 to 3.97 +/- 0.17 g/dl (mean +/- SE) by acute plasmapheresis and maintained at this level by chronic thoracic lymph duct drainage. We measured pulmonary arterial pressure, left atrial pressure, aortic pressure, central venous pressure, cardiac output, oncotic pressures of both plasma and lung lymph, lung lymph flow rate, and lung lymph-to-plasma ratio of total proteins and six protein fractions for both control base-line conditions and hypoproteinemia base-line conditions. Moreover, we estimated the average osmotic reflection coefficient for total proteins and the solvent drag reflection coefficients for the six protein fractions during hypoproteinemia. Hypoproteinemia caused significant decreases in lung lymph total protein concentration, lung lymph-to-plasma total protein concentration ratio, and oncotic pressures of plasma and lung lymph. There were no significant alterations in the vascular pressures, lung lymph flow rate, cardiac output, or oncotic pressure gradient. The osmotic reflection coefficient for total proteins was found to be 0.900 +/- 0.004 for hypoproteinemia conditions, which is equal to that found in a previous investigation for sheep with a normal plasma protein concentration. Our results suggest that hypoproteinemia does not alter the lung filtration coefficient nor the reflection coefficients for plasma proteins. Possible explanations for the reported increase in the lung filtration coefficient during hypoproteinemia by other investigators are also made.

Modification of lymph during passage through the lymph node: effect of histamine

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (4) ◽  
pp. H553-H559
Author(s):  
M. B. Maron
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Evans Blue ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Blue Dye ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Average Flow Rate ◽  
Significant Modification ◽  
Average Flow

The possibility that histamine may cause the fluid and protein content of lymph to be altered during passage through the lymph node was evaluated using the canine perfused popliteal lymph node preparation. This preparation enables nodal perfusion via an afferent lymphatic (all other afferents are ligated) with artificial lymph of known composition and collection of the total efferent effluent for analysis of potential changes in volume and composition. In 11 dogs, the node was perfused at an average flow rate of 0.229 ml/min with artificial lymph containing 3.71 g/100 ml albumin. Under base-line conditions, there was no significant modification of the lymph as it passed through the node. The addition of histamine to the infusate (2-4 micrograms base/ml) caused the efferent lymph flow to increase to 0.295 ml/min (35.3% increases, P less than 0.05), the efferent protein concentration to increase to 4.32 g/100 ml (15.2% increases, P less than 0.05), and the efferent protein flux to increase from 8.40 to 12.86 mg/min (58.0% increases, P less than 0.05). The appearance of Evans blue dye-tagged protein and plasma protein fractions, not originally present in the lymph, in the efferent lymph at this time further indicated that the source of the added fluid and protein was the nodal vasculature. Mass balance calculations indicated that the addition of a fluid with a protein concentration of approximately 90% that of plasma to the lymph could account for the observed increases in efferent lymph flow and protein concentration.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Chronic lung lymph fistula in the goat

1980 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Winn ◽  
B. Nadir ◽  
J. Gleisner ◽  
J. Hildebrandt
Keyword(s):  
Left Atrial ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Venous Pressure ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Protein Ratio ◽  
Posterior Portion ◽  
Efferent Duct ◽  
Line Level ◽  
Lung Lymph

Goats have been prepared with chronic lung lymph fistulas in a manner similar to that described in sheep. Only one thoracotomy is needed to resect the posterior portion of the caudal mediastinal lymph node and to cannulate the main efferent duct. Comparison of data from the goat and from the sheep was accomplished by infusion histamine and by increasing left atrial and systemic venous pressures. Histamine infusion resulted in an increase in lymph flow (QL) from a base-line level of 7.3 36 ml/h and an increase in lymph-to-plasma protein ratio (L/P) FROM 0.70 to 0.82 (n = 2). In goats subjected to an increase in microvascular pressure averaging 18.2 cmH2O, QL increased from a base line of 6.7 to 23.0 ml/h, while the L/P decreased by 0.21 (n = 5). Elevation of systemic venous pressure by 8-9 cmH2O did not change QL (n = 4). Thus, the cannulation in the goat is similar to the sheep in response to induced permeability edema and hydrostatic edema, and similar with respect to lymph purity tests.

Contamination of lung lymph following standard and modified procedures in sheep

1986 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-816 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. Chanana ◽  
D. D. Joel
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Partial Resection ◽  
Base Line ◽  
Flow Data ◽  
Functional Consequences ◽  
Lung Lymph ◽  
Lung Lymph Flow

The sheep lung lymph fistula preparation of Staub et al. is reported to be contaminated by systemic lymph. The published estimates of contamination range from 5% (awake sheep) to 60% (anesthetized sheep). In view of these conflicting estimates, we investigated the pre- and postoperative contaminating sources, morphological and functional consequences of the proposed contamination reducing modifications, and base-line lung lymph flow in awake sheep following standard and modified cannulation procedures. Our morphological observations are not compatible with the higher estimates of contamination (25–60%). Evidence of lymph leakage from cauterized lymphatics was found. The lymphatics that appear after diaphragmatic cautery and partial resection of caudal mediastinal lymph node were found to constitute “new” contaminating sources. The lymph flow data from base-line and increased vascular pressure conditions were consistent with the reported low estimates of contamination (5%). We propose simple modifications of the standard procedure of Staub et al. which may be nearly as effective in reducing contamination by extrapulmonary lymph as the more invasive and/or traumatic modifications.

Bronchial vascular contribution to lung lymph flow

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 2190-2195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth M. Wagner ◽  
Sandralee Blosser ◽  
Wayne Mitzner
Keyword(s):  
Lymph Node ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Mediastinal Lymph Node ◽  
Bronchial Artery ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Control Flow ◽  
Vascular Perfusion ◽  
Efferent Duct ◽  
Lung Lymph ◽  
Lung Lymph Flow

The lymphatic vessels of the lung provide an important route for clearance of interstitial edema fluid filtered from pulmonary blood vessels. However, the importance of lung lymphatics for the removal of airway liquid filtered from the systemic circulation of the lung has not been demonstrated. We studied the contribution of the bronchial vasculature to lung lymph flow in anesthetized, ventilated sheep ( n = 35). With the bronchial artery cannulated and perfused (control flow = 0.6 ml ⋅ min−1 ⋅ kg−1), lymph flow from the efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node was measured 1) during increased bronchial vascular perfusion (300% of control flow); 2) with a hydrated interstitium induced by a 1-h period of left atrial hypertension and subsequent recovery, both with and without bronchial perfusion; and 3) during infusion (directly into the bronchial artery) of bradykinin, an inflammatory mediator known to cause changes in bronchial vascular permeability. Increased bronchial perfusion for 90 min resulted in an average 35% increase in lung lymph flow. During left atrial hypertension, the increase in lung lymph flow was significantly greater with bronchial perfusion (339% increase over baseline) than without bronchial perfusion (138% increase). Furthermore, recovery after left atrial hypertension was more complete after 90 min without bronchial perfusion (91%) than with bronchial perfusion (63%). Infusion of bradykinin into the bronchial artery resulted in a prompt and prolonged 107% increase in lung lymph flow. This was not seen if the same dose was infused into the pulmonary artery. Thus bronchial vascular transudate contributes significantly to lymph flow from the efferent duct of the caudal mediastinal lymph node. These results demonstrate that lymph vessels clear excess fluid from the airway wall and should be considered when evaluating the effect of vascular leak in airway obstruction.

scholarly journals Effect of Skim-Milk Feeding on the Flow and Composition of Thoracic Duct and Intestinal Lymph in Young Calves

1969 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 197 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Shannon ◽  
AK Lasoelles
Keyword(s):  
Thoracic Duct ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Skim Milk ◽  
Lymph Flow ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Intestinal Lymph ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Effect Of Feeding ◽  
Milk Feeding

The effect of feeding skim milk on the flow and composition of lymph from thoracic and intestinal ducts was studied in young calves by means of lymphatico-venous shunts. The changes observed were similar for both thoracic duct and intestinal lymph. Skim-milk feeding significantly reduced lymph flow but had no effect on total protein concentration in lymph and no effect on lymph: plasma ratios for total protein concentration. It is suggested that the reduction in lymph flow observed when calves are fed skim milk is due to a decreased blood flow through the intestinal capillaries.

Determination of Total Protein Concentration in Solution Using Gold Electrode Modified with Silver Nanoparticles

2014 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 253-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Marcel Seumo Tchekwagep ◽  
Charles Péguy Nanseu-Njiki ◽  
Emmanuel Ngameni ◽  
Ravi Danielsson ◽  
Thomas Arnebrant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanoparticles ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Gold Electrode ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Total Protein Concentration

Albumin fraction and measurement of total protein concentration

1993 ◽  
Vol 264 (5) ◽  
pp. H1723-H1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. T. Peterson ◽  
R. W. Tate
Keyword(s):  
Total Protein ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Gamma Globulin ◽  
Colorimetric Assay ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Total Protein Concentration ◽  
Albumin Fraction ◽  
Standard Curve ◽  
Protein Assays

The standard curve of a typical colorimetric assay for total protein is often nonlinear and dependent on the albumin fraction of the protein standard. We developed a simple mathematical transformation to make the standard curve linear and a computational method to correct for differences in albumin concentrations among the samples. This method uses data from total protein assays on two sets of standards (albumin and gamma globulin) and provides accurate measures of total protein over the full range of albumin fractions. Comparison of this two-standard method with the a method that uses only albumin as a standard shows that this method prevents physiologically significant overestimations in total protein concentration and calculated protein osmotic pressure differences in the lungs.

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