Use of doubly labeled water technique in soldiers training for jungle warfare

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Forbes-Ewan ◽  
B. L. Morrissey ◽  
G. C. Gregg ◽  
D. R. Waters
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Balance Study ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water Method

The doubly labeled water method was used to estimate the energy expended by four members of an Australian Army platoon (34 soldiers) engaged in training for jungle warfare. Each subject received an oral isotope dose sufficient to raise isotope levels by 200–250 (18O) and 100–120 ppm (2H). The experimental period was 7 days. Concurrently, a factorial estimate of the energy expenditure of the platoon was conducted. Also, a food intake-energy balance study was conducted for the platoon. Mean daily energy expenditure by the doubly labeled water method was 4,750 kcal (range 4,152–5,394 kcal). The factorial estimate of mean daily energy expenditure was 4,535 kcal. Because of inherent inaccuracies in the food intake-energy balance technique, we were able to conclude only that energy expenditure, as measured by this method, was greater than the estimated mean daily intake of 4,040 kcal. The doubly labeled water technique was well tolerated, is noninvasive, and appears to be suitable in a wide range of field applications.

Flux hydriques et métabolisme énergétique dans un peuplement de Lacertidés des îles Kerkennah (Tunisie)

1988 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland Vernet ◽  
Claude Grenot ◽  
Saïd Nouira
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Activity ◽  
Water Flux ◽  
Sympatric Species ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Water Turnover ◽  
Semiarid Environment ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Active Forager

Water flux and daily energy expenditure were measured with doubly labeled water (3HH18O) in two insectivorous sympatric species of Lacertidae of Kerkennah islands (Tunisia), Eremias olivieri (mean body mass: 1.1 g) and Acanthodactylus pardalis (4.5 g) in a semiarid environment. Water turnover and field metabolic rate of Eremias olivieri (174 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 250 J g−1 d−1) were, respectively, 2.5 and 5 times higher than those of Acanthodactylus pardalis (70 μL H2O g−1 d−1 and 52 J g−1 d−1). The water turnover of Eremias olivieri is one of the highest known among insectivorous lizards, and the daily energy expenditure of Acanthodactylus pardalis one of the lowest. The most plausible explanations are the differences in the size of the prey eaten by each species at this time of the season and in the duration of daily activity; the daily activity of Acanthodactylus pardalis is short (4.5 h d−1) although it is a sit-and-wait predator, whereas Eremias olivieri is active regularly every day for a longer period (7.5 h d−1) although it is an active forager. The high values of water turnover in Eremias olivieri suggest that food is not the only source of water for lizards in this particular insular environment.

Energy balance in endurance-trained female cyclists and untrained controls

1994 ◽  
Vol 76 (5) ◽  
pp. 1937-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. J. Horton ◽  
H. J. Drougas ◽  
T. A. Sharp ◽  
L. R. Martinez ◽  
G. W. Reed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Weight Maintenance ◽  
Resting Metabolic Rate ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Usual Condition ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
Total Daily Energy Expenditure

Reports of low energy intakes in trained female athletes imply they have an increased energetic efficiency. To address this question, we determined how energy balance was achieved in endurance-trained females cyclists and lean controls (n=5 in each group). Daily energy expenditure was measured by using standardized physical activity protocols in a whole room calorimeter on two separate occasions: a cycling day and a noncycling day. Energy intake for weight maintenance was determined by a period of controlled feeding 5 days before and the day of each energy expenditure measurement. Energy balance was achieved in the cyclists on the cycling day while they consumed 2,900–3,000 kcal (their usual condition) and in controls on the noncycling day while they consumed 2,100–2,200 kcal (their usual condition). Total daily energy expenditure was not significantly different between the cyclists and controls on the noncycling day with both groups performing similar levels of activity. On the cycling day, daily energy expenditure was significantly greater in the cyclists vs. controls (P<0.03) as a result of their greater amount of cycling activity. Components of daily energy expenditure, i.e., resting metabolic rate and thermic effect of food and activity (noncycling), were not significantly different between groups. Overall, we found no significant increase in the energetic efficiency of endurance-trained female cyclists compared with controls.

Metabolic and behavioural consequences of the procedures of the doubly labelled water technique on white (MF1) mice

1991 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 123-132 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Speakman ◽  
P. A. Racey ◽  
A. M. Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Blood Sampling ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
General Activity ◽  
Doubly Labelled Water ◽  
Experimental Animals ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
And Control ◽  
Behavioural Repertoire

The effects of the doubly labelled water technique (intraperitoneal injection, temporary food deprivation and blood sampling) on the energy expenditure, food intake and behaviour of 18 white (MF1) mice was investigated. There were no significant differences in mean energy expenditure or food intake between experimental and control animals, on which the techniques were not performed, over the first 24 h after manipulation. These data indicate that there are no direct metabolic consequences associated with the procedures. During the 100 min immediately after blood sampling, the behaviour of experimental animals involved significantly more grooming, mostly at the site of the blood sample wound, more feeding and more general activity, at the expense of resting, when compared with controls. Twenty hours later the behavioural differences were less marked, but still statistically significantly different, and reversed: experimental animals spent more time resting and less in general activity or feeding. The effects of the technique on the behaviour of white mice had trivial consequences for their daily energy expenditure. This may reflect the restricted behavioural repertoire of these captive animals within respirometry chambers. The effect on wild animals may be more profound and requires investigation.

scholarly journals Estimation of Daily Energy Expenditure from Heart Rate and Doubly Labeled Water in Exercising Geese

1992 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 1188-1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bart A. Nolet ◽  
Patrick J. Butler ◽  
Dirkjan Masman ◽  
Anthony J. Woakes
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy

Energy expenditure in rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) during spaceflight using doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O)

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 201-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. P. Stein ◽  
M. A. Dotsenko ◽  
V. I. Korolkov ◽  
D. W. Griffin ◽  
C. A. Fuller
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Macaca Mulatta ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Ground Control ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Control Value ◽  
Daily Energy ◽  
The Mean

The mean daily energy expenditure rates of three rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) were determined during spaceflight on the joint US-Russian Cosmos 2044 and 2229 missions by the doubly labeled water (2H2(18)O) method. In-flight values were compared with ground data obtained from seven measurements taken from six chair-adapted control monkeys. The mean energy expenditure for the ground control determinations was 94.5 +/- 6.4 kcal.kg-1.day-1 (n = 6). The mean in-flight energy expenditure, 55.1 +/- 8.0 kcal.kg-1.day-1 (n = 3), was significantly less than the mean ground control value (P < 0.05). These data suggest that energy expenditure in restrained rhesus monkeys is significantly reduced during spaceflight.

Daily energy expenditure by five-year-old children, measured by doubly labeled water

1993 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 200-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.M. Fontvieille ◽  
I.T. Harper ◽  
R.T. Ferraro ◽  
M. Spraul ◽  
E. Ravussin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Daily Energy

Energy budget in free-living animals: a novel approach based on the doubly labeled water method

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (4) ◽  
pp. R1336-R1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Kam ◽  
A. A. Degen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Energy Budget ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Positive Energy ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Energy Retention ◽  
Doubly Labeled Water Method ◽  
Body Energy

We provide a theoretical and practical model for the calculation of energy balance of free-living animals using the doubly labeled water method. Energy expenditure, metabolizable energy intake, and body energy balance (energy retention, negative or positive) of animals are estimated using CO2 production, water influx, and dietary habits. This model accounts for CO2 produced from the 1) oxidation of dietary substrates, 2) catabolism of body tissue, and 3) deposition of body energy. We examined the model using data from studies on five homeotherms reported in the literature. The ratios between daily energy expenditure using our model and that presented in the reports ranged between 0.76 and 1.18. Metabolizable energy intakes were as low as 43% of energy expenditure in negative energy-balanced hummingbirds and as high as 245% of energy expenditure in positive energy-balanced koala bears. This model is the first that allows theoretical calculation of all energy budget components, including energy retention, in free-living animals using the doubly labeled water method.

scholarly journals Analysis of Daily Energy Expenditure of Elite Athletes in Relation to Their Sport, the Measurement Method and Energy Requirement Norms

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-92
Author(s):  
Barbara Frączek ◽  
Andrzej Grzelak ◽  
Andrzej Tadeusz Klimek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Female Athletes ◽  
Elite Athletes ◽  
Energy Requirement ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Daily Energy Expenditure ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Tabular Method ◽  
Kinematic Method ◽  
Daily Energy

Abstract The purpose of this study was to estimate the daily energy expenditure (DEE) of 30 Polish elite athletes (15 women and 15 men aged 20 to 34 years) representing aerobic-endurance sports and speed-strength sports and to compare the obtained values with energy requirement norms recommended for athletes. Participants’ DEE was measured for seven days using a chronometric-tabular method and a kinematic method. The kinematic method provided significantly lower values of DEE, by 25%. Mean DEEs obtained for female aerobic-endurance and speed-strength athletes were 3042.6 ± 389 and 3255.7 ± 359 kcal/24h (a chronometric-tabular method) and 2230.9 ± 209 and 2346.3 ± 355 (the kinematic method), respectively. The differences between the two groups were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Male athletes’ mean DEEs were significantly higher (p < 0.05): 3778.0 ± 657 and 4036.7 ± 532 kcal/24h (a chronometric-tabular method) for aerobic-endurance athletes and 2983.3 ± 545 and 2970.4 ± 345 (the kinematic analysis) for speed-strength athletes. As in the case of female athletes, the differences were not significant (p > 0.05). While no evidence was found that the type of sport alone could cause significant differences in the overall mean DEE between aerobic endurance athletes and speed-strength athletes, athletes’ sex significantly differentiated women from men in that respect (the latter’s DEE was significantly greater). Such differences were not noted, though, when athletes’ relative DEE (adjusted for body mass and body composition) were compared. The study revealed that the actual energy requirements of individual athletes can vary in a wide range and that they can be different from recommended energy intake.

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