Influence of plasma catecholamines on the lactate threshold during graded exercise

This investigation examined the relationship among plasma catecholamines, the blood lactate threshold (TLa), and the ventilatory threshold (TVE) in highly trained endurance athletes. Six competitive cyclists and six varsity cross-country runners performed a graded exercise test via two different modalities: treadmill running and bicycle ergometry. Although maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) did not differ significantly for the cyclists for treadmill running and cycling (64.6 +/- 1.0 and 63.5 +/- 0.4 ml O2.kg-1-min-1, respectively), both TLa and TVE occurred at a relatively earlier work load during the treadmill run. The opposite was true for the runners as TLa and TVE appeared at an earlier percent of VO2max during cycling compared with treadmill running (60.0 +/- 1.7 vs. 75.0 +/- 4.0%, respectively, TLa). The inflection in plasma epinephrine shifted in an identical manner and occurred simultaneously with that of TLa (r = 0.97) regardless of the testing protocol or training status. Although a high correlation (r = 0.86) existed for the shift in TVE and TLa, this relationship was not as strong as was seen with plasma epinephrine. The results suggest that a causal relationship existed between the inflection in plasma epinephrine and TLa during a graded exercise test. This association was not as strong for TVE and TLa.

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Plasma catecholamine and lactate response during graded exercise with varied glycogen conditions

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/jappl.1991.71.4.1427 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 71 (4) ◽

pp. 1427-1433 ◽

Cited By ~ 76

Author(s):

D. A. Podolin ◽

P. A. Munger ◽

R. S. Mazzeo

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽

Plasma Catecholamines ◽

Work Load ◽

Bicycle Ergometer ◽

Plasma Catecholamine ◽

Plasma Lactate ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise

The relationships between the lactate threshold (TLa), plasma catecholamines, and ventilatory threshold (TVE) were examined under normal and glycogen-depleted conditions. Nine male subjects performed a graded exercise test on a bicycle ergometer in a normal glycogen (NG) state and in a glycogen-depleted (GD) state to determine if manipulation of muscle glycogen content would affect their ventilatory, lactate, and catecholamine responses. High correlations were found between plasma lactate and the two catecholamines, epinephrine (r = 0.964) and norepinephrine (r = 0.965) under both conditions. The GD protocol resulted in a shift in the TLa to a later work rate; inflections in epinephrine and norepinephrine shifted in a coordinated manner. TVE and TLa occurred at similar work loads under NG conditions [67.2 +/- 1.5 and 65.6 +/- 2.3% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), respectively], but TLa occurred at a later work load (75.3 +/- 1.9% VO2max) compared with TVE (68.3 +/- 1.6% VO2max) under GD conditions. These results suggest a causal relationship between plasma lactate and epinephrine during a graded exercise test under the glycogen conditions studied. Although an association existed between ventilation and lactate, this relationship was not as strong.

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Reliability and Validity of Tethered Swimming Lactate Minimum Test and Their Relationship With Performance in Young Swimmers

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2016-0247 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 30 (3) ◽

pp. 383-392 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Carlos Augusto Kalva-Filho ◽

Argyris Toubekis ◽

Alessandro Moura Zagatto ◽

Adelino Sanchez Ramos da Silva ◽

João Paulo Loures ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

Lactate Threshold ◽

High Reliability ◽

Reliability And Validity ◽

Peak Force ◽

Limits Of Agreement ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Lactate Minimum ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Minimum Intensity

Purpose:To test the reliability and validity of tethered swimming lactate minimum test in young swimmers.Methods:Lactate minimum test was performed twice to test the reliability (experiment 1;n = 13). In addition, the validity was investigated through lactate minimum test relationships with tethered swimming lactate threshold and peak force obtained during graded exercise test (experiment 2;n = 11). Finally, the correlations with mean speeds observed during 200-m (s200m) and 30-minute continuous efforts (s30min) were also analyzed (experiment 3;n = 15). In all experiments, the lactate minimum test began with 3-minute all-out effort to induce lactatemia, followed by an exhaustive graded exercise test.Results:The lactate minimum intensity and mean force during the entire 3-minute all-out effort (MF) showed high reliability (coefficient of variation < 8.9% and intraclass correlation coefficient > .93). The lactate minimum intensity was not different compared with lactate threshold (P = .22), presenting high correlations (r = .92) and agreement (95% limits of agreement = ±7.9 N). The mean force during the entire 3-minute all-out effort was similar to peak force obtained during graded exercise test (P = .41), presenting significant correlations (r = .88) and high indices of agreement (95% limits of agreement = ±11.3 N). In addition, lactate minimum test parameters correlated both with mean speeds observed during 200-m (r > .74) and 30-minute continuous efforts (r > .70).Conclusion:Thus, tethered swimming lactate minimum test can be used for training recommendations and to monitor aerobic adaptations in young swimmers.

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Manipulating graded exercise test variables affects the validity of the lactate threshold and V˙O2peak

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0199794 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 13 (7) ◽

pp. e0199794 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

Nicholas A. Jamnick ◽

Javier Botella ◽

David B. Pyne ◽

David J. Bishop

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

Lactate Threshold ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise

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Perceptually Regulated Exercise Test Allows Determination of V˙O2max and Ventilatory Threshold But Not Respiratory Compensation Point In Trained Runners

International Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1055/s-0043-122741 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (04) ◽

pp. 304-313

Author(s):

Perrine Truong ◽

Gregoire Millet ◽

Boris Gojanovic

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Compensation Point ◽

Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽

Long Distance ◽

Respiratory Compensation Point ◽

Respiratory Compensation ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Trained Runners

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the differences in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and submaximal thresholds between a standard graded exercise test (GXT) and a perceptually regulated graded exercise test (PRGXT) in trained runners. Eleven well-trained middle- to long-distance runners performed both tests in a randomized order. PRGXT used incremental “clamps” of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over 10×1-min stages on an automated treadmill equipped with a sonar sensor allowing them to change their running speed instantly and in a natural way. GXT used fixed 1 km.h−1 increment every minute. Ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) were determined using ventilatory equivalents. No differences were found in V̇O2max (68.0 (5.3) vs. 69.5 (5.9) ml·min−1·kg−1, p=0.243), minute ventilation (V̇E) (159.4 (35.0) vs. 162.4 (33.7) l·min−1, p=0.175), heart rate (HR) (188.4 (6.9) vs. 190.7 (5.2) bpm, p=0.254) and speed (21.0 (1.7) vs. 21.1 (2.3) km·h-1, p=0.761) between GXT and PRGXT. At VT, there were no significant differences between GXT and PRGXT for any outcome variables. For 8 of 11 subjects, it was not possible to determine RCP from ventilatory equivalent in PRGXT. GXT appears more relevant for a comprehensive gas analysis in trained runners.

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Ventilatory Threshold and V̇O2 Plateau at Maximal Exercise in 8- to 11-Year-Old Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.5.4.332 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 5 (4) ◽

pp. 332-338 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Anthony D. Mahon ◽

Melinda L. Marsh

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Age Group ◽

Maximal Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

The Mean

This study examined the occurrence of a V̇O2 plateau at maximal exercise, and whether ventilatory threshold (VT) differend between children who do and children who do not achieve a V̇O2 plateau at maximal exercise. After performing a graded exercise test on a treadmill to assess VT and V̇O2max, the children were divided into a plateau group (n = 14) and a nonplateau group (n = 12). There were no differences with respect to the V̇O2 at VT (36.7 ± 3.4 vs. 37.9 ± 5.4 ml · kg−1 · min−1) and V̇O2max (51.6 ± 5.4 vs. 54.6 ± 3.6 ml · kg−1 · min−1) in the plateau and nonpiateau groups, respectively. The mean HR, RER, and RPE at maximal exercise were also similar between groups. These results indicate that VT and V̇O2max are similar in children regardless of the occurrence of a V̇O2 plateau at maximal exercise. Furthermore, a plateau in V̇O2 during a maximal exercise test is not mandatory for assessment of V̇O2max in this age group.

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Patterning of Affective Responses During a Graded Exercise Test in Children and Adolescents

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.24.2.275 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 24 (2) ◽

pp. 275-288 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Charlotte C. Benjamin ◽

Alex Rowlands ◽

Gaynor Parfitt

Keyword(s):

Adolescent Girls ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Ventilatory Threshold ◽

Affective Response ◽

Affective Responses ◽

Affective Valence ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Feeling Scale ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Incremental Step

Past studies have shown the patterning of affective responses during a graded exercise test (GXT) in adult and male adolescent populations, but none have explored the patterns in adolescent girls or younger children. This study explored the patterning of affective responses during a GXT in adolescents and younger children. Forty-nine children (21 male and 28 female) aged between 8–14 years (10.8 ± 1.8 years) completed a GXT. Ventilatory threshold (VT) was identified. At the end of each incremental step, participants reported affective valence. Results revealed that affective valence assessed by the Feeling Scale (FS) significantly declined from the onset of exercise until the point of VT in the younger children, but remained relatively stable in the adolescents. Exercise above the VT brought about significant declines in affective valence regardless of age or sex, but the decrease was significantly greater in adolescents. Results suggest it may be preferable to prescribe lower exercise intensities (below VT) for children, compared with adolescents, to ensure a positive affective response.

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Predicting Competition Performance in Short Trail Running Races with Lactate Thresholds

Journal of Human Kinetics ◽

10.2478/hukin-2019-0092 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 69 (1) ◽

pp. 159-167 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Volker Scheer ◽

Solveig Vieluf ◽

Tanja I Janssen ◽

Hans‐Christian Heitkamp

Keyword(s):

Regression Analysis ◽

Performance Prediction ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Lactate Threshold ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Few Data ◽

Performance Times ◽

Race Performance ◽

Trail Running

Abstract Trail running is a popular sport, yet factors related to performance are still not fully understood. Lactate thresholds have been thoroughly investigated in road running and correlate strongly with race performance, but to date few data are available about the value in trail running performance prediction. We examined 25 trail runners (age 31.2 ± 5.1 years, BMI 22.2 ± 1.82 kg/m2) with an initial graded exercise test for measurement of VO2max (59.5 ± 5.2 ml.kg‐1.min‐ 1) and lactate thresholds (LT): LTAET (LT aerobic) 1.03 ± 0.59 mmol/l; 11.2 ± 1.1 km/h), IAT (individual lactate threshold) (2.53 ± 0.59 mmol/l; 15.4 ± 1.6 km/h) and LT4 (lactate threshold at 4 mmol/l) (16.2 ± 1.9 km/h). All runners subsequently participated in a 31.1 km XS trail race and 9 runners in a 21 km XXS trail race. Race performance times correlated negatively with the XS trail run (LTAET: r = ‐0.65, p < 0.01; LT4: r = ‐0.87, p < 0.01; IAT: r = ‐0.84, p < 0.01) and regression analysis showed that race performance could be predicted by: LT4: ‐324.15×LT4+13195.23 (R2 = .753, F1,23 = 70.02, p < 0.01). A subgroup analysis showed higher correlations with race performance for slower than faster runners. No correlations were found with the XXS race. Lactate thresholds can be of value in predicting trail race performance and help in designing training plans.

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Effect of four different forms of high intensity training on BDNF response to Wingate and Graded Exercise Test

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-88069-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Eugenia Murawska-Ciałowicz ◽

Gilmara Gomes de Assis ◽

Filipe Manuel Clemente ◽

Yuri Feito ◽

Petr Stastny ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Exercise Test ◽

High Intensity ◽

Minute Ventilation ◽

Interval Training ◽

Wingate Anaerobic Test ◽

High Intensity Training ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Group 2 ◽

Intensity Training

AbstractThis study examined the effects of a nine-week intervention of four different high-intensity training modalities [high-intensity functional training (HIFT), high-intensity interval training (HIIT), high-intensity power training (HIPT), and high-intensity endurance training (HIET)] on the resting concentration of brain-derived neurotropic factor (BDNF). In addition, we evaluated the BDNF responses to Graded Exercise Test (GXT) and Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAnT) in men. Thirty-five healthy individuals with body mass index 25.55 ± 2.35 kg/m2 voluntarily participated in this study and were randomly assigned into four training groups. During nine-weeks they completed three exercise sessions per week for one-hour. BDNF was analyzed before and after a GXT and WAnT in two stages: (stage 0—before training and stage 9—after nine weeks of training). At stage 0, an increase in BDNF concentration was observed in HIFT (33%; p < 0.05), HIPT (36%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (38%; p < 0.05) after GXT. Even though HIET showed an increase in BDNF (10%) this was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). At stage 9, higher BDNF levels after GXT were seen only for the HIFT (30%; p < 0.05) and HIIT (18%; p < 0.05) groups. Reduction in BDNF levels were noted after the WAnT in stage 0 for HIFT (− 47%; p < 0.01), HIPT (− 49%; p < 0.001), HIET (− 18%; p < 0.05)], with no changes in the HIIT group (− 2%). At stage 9, BDNF was also reduced after WAnT, although these changes were lower compared to stage 0. The reduced level of BDNF was noted in the HIFT (− 28%; p < 0.05), and HIPT (− 19%;p < 0.05) groups. Additionally, all groups saw an improvement in VO2max (8%; p < 0.001), while BDNF was also correlated with lactate and minute ventilation and selected WAnT parameters. Our research has shown that resting values of BDNF after nine weeks of different forms of high-intensity training (HIT) have not changed or were reduced. Resting BDNF measured at 3th (before GXT at stage 9) and 6th day after long lasting HITs (before WAnT at stage 9) did not differed (before GXT), but in comparison to the resting value before WAnT at the baseline state, was lower in three groups. It appears that BDNF levels after one bout of exercise is depended on duration time, intensity and type of test/exercise.

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