Perceptually Regulated Exercise Test Allows Determination of V˙O2max and Ventilatory Threshold But Not Respiratory Compensation Point In Trained Runners

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (04) ◽  
pp. 304-313
Author(s):  
Perrine Truong ◽  
Gregoire Millet ◽  
Boris Gojanovic
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Trained Runners

AbstractThis study aimed to investigate the differences in maximal oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) and submaximal thresholds between a standard graded exercise test (GXT) and a perceptually regulated graded exercise test (PRGXT) in trained runners. Eleven well-trained middle- to long-distance runners performed both tests in a randomized order. PRGXT used incremental “clamps” of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) over 10×1-min stages on an automated treadmill equipped with a sonar sensor allowing them to change their running speed instantly and in a natural way. GXT used fixed 1 km.h−1 increment every minute. Ventilatory threshold (VT) and respiratory compensation point (RCP) were determined using ventilatory equivalents. No differences were found in V̇O2max (68.0 (5.3) vs. 69.5 (5.9) ml·min−1·kg−1, p=0.243), minute ventilation (V̇E) (159.4 (35.0) vs. 162.4 (33.7) l·min−1, p=0.175), heart rate (HR) (188.4 (6.9) vs. 190.7 (5.2) bpm, p=0.254) and speed (21.0 (1.7) vs. 21.1 (2.3) km·h-1, p=0.761) between GXT and PRGXT. At VT, there were no significant differences between GXT and PRGXT for any outcome variables. For 8 of 11 subjects, it was not possible to determine RCP from ventilatory equivalent in PRGXT. GXT appears more relevant for a comprehensive gas analysis in trained runners.

scholarly journals Novel Computerized Method for Automated Determination of Ventilatory Threshold and Respiratory Compensation Point

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoung Jae Kim ◽  
Eric Rivas ◽  
Brian Prejean ◽  
Dillon Frisco ◽  
Millennia Young ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Intensity ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Optimization Method ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Metabolic Demand ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Computerized Method

Introduction: The ventilatory threshold (named as VT1) and the respiratory compensation point (named as VT2) describe prominent changes of metabolic demand and exercise intensity domains during an incremental exercise test.Methods: A novel computerized method based on the optimization method was developed for automatically determining VT1 and VT2 from expired air during a progressive maximal exercise test. A total of 109 peak cycle tests were performed by members of the US astronaut corps (74 males and 35 females). We compared the automatically determined VT1 and VT2 values against the visual subjective and independent analyses of three trained evaluators. We also characterized VT1 and VT2 and the respective absolute and relative work rates and distinguished differences between sexes.Results: The automated compared to the visual subjective values were analyzed for differences with t test, for agreement with Bland–Altman plots, and for equivalence with a two one-sided test approach. The results showed that the automated and visual subjective methods were statistically equivalent, and the proposed approach reliably determined VT1 and VT2 values. Females had lower absolute O2 uptake, work rate, and ventilation, and relative O2 uptake at VT1 and VT2 compared to men (p ≤ 0.04). VT1 and VT2 occurred at a greater relative percentage of their peak VO2 for females (67 and 88%) compared to males (55 and 74%; main effect for sex: p < 0.001). Overall, VT1 occurred at 58% of peak VO2, and VT2 occurred at 79% of peak VO2 (p < 0.0001).Conclusion: Improvements in determining of VT1 and VT2 by automated analysis are time efficient, valid, and comparable to subjective visual analysis and may provide valuable information in research and clinical practice as well as identifying exercise intensity domains of crewmembers in space.

Development of an On-Water Graded Exercise Test for Flat-Water Sprint Kayak Athletes

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelsie E. Winchcombe ◽  
Martyn J. Binnie ◽  
Matthew M. Doyle ◽  
Cruz Hogan ◽  
Peter Peeling
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Exercise Test ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Stroke Rate ◽  
Repeated Measures Design ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise

Purpose: To determine the reliability and validity of a power-prescribed on-water (OW) graded exercise test (GXT) for flat-water sprint kayak athletes. Methods: Nine well-trained sprint kayak athletes performed 3 GXTs in a repeated-measures design. The initial GXT was performed on a stationary kayak ergometer in the laboratory (LAB). The subsequent 2 GXTs were performed OW (OW1 and OW2) in an individual kayak. Power output (PWR), stroke rate, blood lactate, heart rate, oxygen consumption, and rating of perceived exertion were measured throughout each test. Results: Both PWR and oxygen consumption showed excellent test–retest reliability between OW1 and OW2 for all 7 stages (intraclass correlation coefficient > .90). The mean results from the 2 OW GXTs (OWAVE) were then compared with LAB, and no differences in oxygen consumption across stages were evident (P ≥ .159). PWR was higher for OWAVE than for LAB in all stages (P ≤ .021) except stage 7 (P = .070). Conversely, stroke rate was lower for OWAVE than for LAB in all stages (P < .010) except stage 2 (P = .120). Conclusions: The OW GXT appears to be a reliable test in well-trained sprint kayak athletes. Given the differences in PWR and stroke rate between the LAB and OW tests, an OW GXT may provide more specific outcomes for OW training.

Influence of plasma catecholamines on the lactate threshold during graded exercise

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 1319-1322 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. S. Mazzeo ◽  
P. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Lactate Threshold ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Plasma Epinephrine ◽  
Bicycle Ergometry ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Competitive Cyclists

This investigation examined the relationship among plasma catecholamines, the blood lactate threshold (TLa), and the ventilatory threshold (TVE) in highly trained endurance athletes. Six competitive cyclists and six varsity cross-country runners performed a graded exercise test via two different modalities: treadmill running and bicycle ergometry. Although maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max) did not differ significantly for the cyclists for treadmill running and cycling (64.6 +/- 1.0 and 63.5 +/- 0.4 ml O2.kg-1-min-1, respectively), both TLa and TVE occurred at a relatively earlier work load during the treadmill run. The opposite was true for the runners as TLa and TVE appeared at an earlier percent of VO2max during cycling compared with treadmill running (60.0 +/- 1.7 vs. 75.0 +/- 4.0%, respectively, TLa). The inflection in plasma epinephrine shifted in an identical manner and occurred simultaneously with that of TLa (r = 0.97) regardless of the testing protocol or training status. Although a high correlation (r = 0.86) existed for the shift in TVE and TLa, this relationship was not as strong as was seen with plasma epinephrine. The results suggest that a causal relationship existed between the inflection in plasma epinephrine and TLa during a graded exercise test. This association was not as strong for TVE and TLa.

Prescribing and Self-Regulating Heated Water-Based Exercise by Rating of Perceived Exertion in Older Individuals With Hypertension

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Isabela Roque Marçal ◽  
Bianca Fernandes ◽  
Vanessa Teixeira do Amaral ◽  
Renato Lopes Pelaquim ◽  
Emmanuel Gomes Ciolac
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Respiratory Compensation ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
Water Based

We aimed to analyze the usefulness of the 6–20 rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scale for prescribing and self-regulating high-intensity interval (HIIE) and moderate-intensity continuous (MICE) aerobic exercise performed in a heated swimming pool (32 °C). Fifteen older individuals (65 ± 3 years) treated for hypertension underwent a symptom-limited maximal graded exercise test to determine their heart rate at anaerobic threshold, and respiratory compensation point. On different days, participants were randomized to HIIE (walking/jogging between 11 and 17 of RPE; 25 min) and MICE (walking at 11–13 of RPE; 30 min). Heart rate during the low-intensity intervals of HIIE and MICE remained below the graded exercise test’s heart rate at anaerobic threshold (−7 ± 18 bpm/−16 ± 15 bpm) and respiratory compensation point (−18 ± 18 bpm/−30 ± 16 bpm), respectively, and maintained in the aerobic training zone during the high-intensity intervals of HIIE (+8 ± 18 bpm/−4 ± 19 bpm). The RPE scale at 15–17 is a useful tool for prescribing and self-regulating heated water-based HIIE and may have important implications for water-based exercise in older individuals with hypertension.

Plasma catecholamine and lactate response during graded exercise with varied glycogen conditions

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1427-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Podolin ◽  
P. A. Munger ◽  
R. S. Mazzeo
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Maximal Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Plasma Catecholamines ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Bicycle Ergometer ◽  
Plasma Catecholamine ◽  
Plasma Lactate ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise

The relationships between the lactate threshold (TLa), plasma catecholamines, and ventilatory threshold (TVE) were examined under normal and glycogen-depleted conditions. Nine male subjects performed a graded exercise test on a bicycle ergometer in a normal glycogen (NG) state and in a glycogen-depleted (GD) state to determine if manipulation of muscle glycogen content would affect their ventilatory, lactate, and catecholamine responses. High correlations were found between plasma lactate and the two catecholamines, epinephrine (r = 0.964) and norepinephrine (r = 0.965) under both conditions. The GD protocol resulted in a shift in the TLa to a later work rate; inflections in epinephrine and norepinephrine shifted in a coordinated manner. TVE and TLa occurred at similar work loads under NG conditions [67.2 +/- 1.5 and 65.6 +/- 2.3% maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), respectively], but TLa occurred at a later work load (75.3 +/- 1.9% VO2max) compared with TVE (68.3 +/- 1.6% VO2max) under GD conditions. These results suggest a causal relationship between plasma lactate and epinephrine during a graded exercise test under the glycogen conditions studied. Although an association existed between ventilation and lactate, this relationship was not as strong.

scholarly journals Feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test in patients with aggressive hemato-oncological disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anja Großek ◽  
Thomas Elter ◽  
Max Oberste ◽  
Florian Wolf ◽  
Niklas Joisten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Perceived Exertion ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
High Dose Chemotherapy ◽  
Rating Of Perceived Exertion ◽  
Aggressive Lymphoma ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise

Abstract Purpose Physical activity promises to reduce disease-related symptoms and therapy-related side effects in patients suffering from aggressive lymphoma (L) or acute leukemia (AL). For an efficient training program, determination of patients’ physical capacity with a purposive exercise test is crucial. Here, we evaluated the feasibility and suitability of a graded exercise test (GXT) frequently applied in patients suffering from solid tumors by assessing whether patients achieved criteria for maximal exercise testing according to the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM). Methods The GXT was performed by 51 patients with an aggressive L or AL prior to the start or in the earliest possible phase of high-dose chemotherapy, following a recommended protocol for cancer patients, starting at 20 Watts (W), with an increase of 10 W/min until volitional exhaustion. Subsequently, we investigated whether the following ACSM criteria were fulfilled: (1) failure of heart rate to increase despite increasing workload, (2) post-exercise capillary lactate concentration ≥ 8.0 mmol L−1, (3) rating of perceived exertion at exercise cessation > 17 on the 6–20 Borg Scale. Results Out of 51 patients, two, six, and 35 participants met the first, second, and third criterion, respectively. No relevant relationships between the completion of the criteria and patients’ characteristics (e.g., gender, age) were found. Conclusion Although results of this study suggest a general feasibility of the applied GXT, the ACSM criteria were not met by the majority of the participants. Therefore, this study raises doubts about the suitability of the GXT protocol and the ACSM criteria for this group of patients.

Ventilatory Threshold and V̇O2 Plateau at Maximal Exercise in 8- to 11-Year-Old Children

1993 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony D. Mahon ◽  
Melinda L. Marsh
Keyword(s):  
Exercise Test ◽  
Maximal Exercise ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise Test ◽  
Graded Exercise ◽  
The Mean

This study examined the occurrence of a V̇O2 plateau at maximal exercise, and whether ventilatory threshold (VT) differend between children who do and children who do not achieve a V̇O2 plateau at maximal exercise. After performing a graded exercise test on a treadmill to assess VT and V̇O2max, the children were divided into a plateau group (n = 14) and a nonplateau group (n = 12). There were no differences with respect to the V̇O2 at VT (36.7 ± 3.4 vs. 37.9 ± 5.4 ml · kg−1 · min−1) and V̇O2max (51.6 ± 5.4 vs. 54.6 ± 3.6 ml · kg−1 · min−1) in the plateau and nonpiateau groups, respectively. The mean HR, RER, and RPE at maximal exercise were also similar between groups. These results indicate that VT and V̇O2max are similar in children regardless of the occurrence of a V̇O2 plateau at maximal exercise. Furthermore, a plateau in V̇O2 during a maximal exercise test is not mandatory for assessment of V̇O2max in this age group.

scholarly journals PPeak oxygen uptake differentiates competitive from recreational male surfboard riders

Motricidade ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 39
Author(s):  
Nuno Almeida ◽  
Joana Reis ◽  
João Beckert ◽  
Miguel Moreira ◽  
Francisco Alves
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Power Output ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Ventilatory Threshold ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Maximal Aerobic Power ◽  
Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation Point ◽  
Respiratory Compensation

The purpose of this study was to verify if competitive performance status was associated to different levels of specific aerobic fitness in Portuguese surfboard riders. Six recreational surfers (age: 32.3±3.1 years; body mass: 73.2±7.8kg; height: 1.75±0.05m) and six competitive international level surfers (age: 25±8.4years; body mass: 68.5±3.8kg; height: 1.74±0.05m) performed a maximal continuous incremental paddling test consisting of two-minute steps starting at 20W, with increments of 10W, for determination of peak oxygen uptake and maximal aerobic power. Ventilatory threshold and respiratory compensation point with corresponding heart rate and power output were also determined. Elite surfers presented higher values for peak oxygen uptake (43.6±7.9 ml.kg-1.min-1) than recreational surfers (31.1±7.4 ml.kg-1.min-1, p=0.01) however, there were no differences (p> 0.05) between groups for maximal aerobic power (elite: 76.6±18.6W; recreational: 76.6±16.6W). No significant differences between the power output at which ventilatory threshold or respiratory compensation point occurred but elite surfers reached ventilation threshold with 22.5±5.8 ml.kg-1.min-1 which was significantly higher than recreational surfers (16±3.7 ml.kg-1.min-1). These findings show that elite surfers have higher values of peak oxygen uptake than recreational surfers which suggest a higher aerobic adaptation that may be related to the different amount of exercise volume undertaken.

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