Age effects on myosin subunit and biochemical alterations with skeletal muscle hypertrophy

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kandarian ◽  
L. M. Schulte ◽  
K. A. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth

The purpose of this study was to determine whether skeletal muscle mass, myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase activity, and the expression of myosin heavy (MHC) and light chain subunits are differentially affected in juvenile (4 wk) and young adult (12 wk) rats by a hypertrophic growth stimulus. Hypertrophy of the plantaris or soleus was studied 4 wk after ablation of either two [gastrocnemius (GTN) and soleus or plantaris] or one (GTN) synergistic muscle(s). There was no difference in the relative magnitude of hypertrophy because of age. Plantaris myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase activity was decreased 21 and 12% in juvenile and adult rats, respectively, as a result of ablation of both the GTN and soleus. Slow myosin light chain isoforms (1s and 2s) were expressed to a greater extent in hypertrophied plantaris muscles of both ages, but the increase in 1s was greater in juvenile rats. The relative expression of slow beta-MHC in hypertrophied plantaris muscles increased by 470 and 350%, whereas MHC IIb decreased by 70 and 33% in juvenile and adult rats, respectively. The relative expression of MHC IIa increased (56%) in the plantaris after ablation in juvenile rats only. These shifts in myosin subunit expression and the increases in mass were generally about one-half the magnitude when only the GTN was removed. There were no detectable myosin shifts in hypertrophied soleus muscles. Although the extent of muscle hypertrophy is similar, the shifts in myosin subunits were greater in juvenile than in young adult rats.

PSII-B-27 miRNA transcriptome of lamb skeletal muscle during hypertrophic growth from mid-gestation to market weight

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 351-351
Author(s):  
Maslyn A Greene ◽  
Jessica Britt ◽  
S Maggie M Justice ◽  
Susan K Duckett
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Fold Change ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Sequencing Data ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth ◽  
Differentially Expressed Mirna

Abstract The objective of this study was to characterize the miRNA transcriptome of the longissimus muscle during skeletal muscle hypertrophy. Longissimus samples were collected from Suffolk x Texel cross sheep at six developmental time points: Prenatal [gd 85 (PN1), 110 (PN2), and 133 (PN3)] and postnatal [preweaning (d 40; PW1), weaning (d 65; PW2), and maturity (57 kg; MKT)]. Total RNA was extracted for miRNA sequencing. Data were analyzed using a priori comparisons PN1 vs. PN2, PN2 vs. PN3, PN3 vs. PW1, PW1 vs. PW2, PW2 vs. MKT to examine stages of muscle hypertrophy. One hundred forty-two miRNAs were differentially expressed between the 5 comparisons made. The stage from PN3 to PW1 had the most differentially expressed miRNA (115). Examination of the differentially expressed miRNA also showed that 4 miRNA, miR-154a-3p, miR-3956-5p, miR-410-3p, and miR-431, had a log fold change greater than 3 and miR-22-3p had a log fold change greater than 4. Target genes of differentially expressed miRNA were identified and the functional associations of genes were assessed with GOseq. Between all 5 comparisons made, 195 terms were significantly enriched, 86 were from biological process, 42 were from cellular component, and 67 were from molecular function. The miRNA transcriptome of skeletal muscle changes with advancing development and the period from gd133 to d40 appears to have increased transcriptome alteration.

scholarly journals Resistance Training Alters the Proportion of Skeletal Muscle Fibers but Not Brain Neurotrophic Factors in Young Adult Rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 3531-3538 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Antonio-Santos ◽  
Diórginis José S. Ferreira ◽  
Gizelle L. Gomes Costa ◽  
Rhowena Jane B. Matos ◽  
Ana E. Toscano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Neurotrophic Factors ◽  
Muscle Fibers ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Fibers

Interleukin-15 responses to aging and unloading-induced skeletal muscle atrophy

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. C1298-C1304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emidio E. Pistilli ◽  
Parco M. Siu ◽  
Stephen E. Alway
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Hindlimb Suspension ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Atrophy ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Interleukin 15

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) mRNA is constitutively expressed in skeletal muscle. Although IL-15 has proposed hypertrophic and anti-apoptotic roles in vitro, its role in skeletal muscle cells in vivo is less clear. The purpose of this study was to determine if skeletal muscle aging and unloading, two conditions known to promote muscle atrophy, would alter basal IL-15 expression in skeletal muscle. We hypothesized that IL-15 mRNA expression would increase as a result of both aging and muscle unloading and that muscle would express the mRNA for a functional trimeric IL-15 receptor (IL-15R). Two models of unloading were used in this study: hindlimb suspension (HS) in rats and wing unloading in quail. The absolute muscle wet weight of plantaris and soleus muscles from aged rats was significantly less when compared with muscles from young adult rats. Although 14 days of HS resulted in reduced muscle mass of plantaris and soleus muscles from young adult animals, this effect was not observed in muscles from aged animals. A significant aging times unloading interaction was observed for IL-15 mRNA in both rat soleus and plantaris muscles. Patagialis (PAT) muscles from aged quail retained a significant 12 and 6% of stretch-induced hypertrophy after 7 and 14 days of unloading, respectively. PAT muscles from young quail retained 15% hypertrophy at 7 days of unloading but regressed to control levels following 14 days of unloading. A main effect of age was observed on IL-15 mRNA expression in PAT muscles at 14 days of overload, 7 days of unloading, and 14 days of unloading. Skeletal muscle also expressed the mRNAs for a functional IL-15R composed of IL-15Rα, IL-2/15R-β, and -γc. Based on these data, we speculate that increases in IL-15 mRNA in response to atrophic stimuli may be an attempt to counteract muscle mass loss in skeletal muscles of old animals. Additional research is warranted to determine the importance of the IL-15/IL-15R system to counter muscle wasting.

Myogenic regulatory factors during regeneration of skeletal muscle in young, adult, and old rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 1270-1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel R. Marsh ◽  
David S. Criswell ◽  
James A. Carson ◽  
Frank W. Booth
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Muscle Regeneration ◽  
Tibialis Anterior Muscle ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Myogenic Regulatory Factors ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Old Rats

Marsh, Daniel R., David S. Criswell, James A. Carson, and Frank W. Booth. Myogenic regulatory factors during regeneration of skeletal muscle in young, adult, and old rats. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(4): 1270–1275, 1997.—Myogenic factor mRNA expression was examined during muscle regeneration after bupivacaine injection in Fischer 344/Brown Norway F1 rats aged 3, 18, and 31 mo of age (young, adult, and old, respectively). Mass of the tibialis anterior muscle in the young rats had recovered to control values by 21 days postbupivacaine injection but in adult and old rats remained 40% less than that of contralateral controls at 21 and 28 days of recovery. During muscle regeneration, myogenin mRNA was significantly increased in muscles of young, adult, and old rats 5 days after bupivacaine injection. Subsequently, myogenin mRNA levels in young rat muscle decreased to postinjection control values by day 21 but did not return to control values in 28-day regenerating muscles of adult and old rats. The expression of MyoD mRNA was also increased in muscles at day 5 of regeneration in young, adult, and old rats, decreased to control levels by day 14 in young and adult rats, and remained elevated in the old rats for 28 days. In summary, either a diminished ability to downregulate myogenin and MyoD mRNAs in regenerating muscle occurs in old rat muscles, or the continuing myogenic effort includes elevated expression of these mRNAs.

scholarly journals Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Left Ventricular Connexin43 Expression and Distribution in Juvenile and Young Adult Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Rustiana Tasya Ariningpraja ◽  
‪Dewi Irawati Soeria Santoso ◽  
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf ◽  
Alfrina Hany
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cx43 Expression ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Cardiac Ventricle ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Imagej Software

Background: Gap Junction (GJ) plays a role in supporting the heart electricity. Connexin43 (Cx43) as the main protein constituent of GJ in left cardiac ventricle, will increase in number and slightly redistributed to the lateral sides of cardiomyocytes after aerobic exercise in adulthood. The effects of aerobic exercise that begin at childhood are not well known.Objective: This study aims to observe the effect of aerobic exercise which started from childhood on left ventricle Cx43 distribution.Methods: This study was conducted on 28 male Juvenile (4 weeks) and young adult (8 weeks) rats, divided into 7 groups: 1) Juvenile rats undergoing 4 weeks of exercise (E-J4); 2) Control E-J4 (C-J4); 3) Juvenile rats undergoing 8 weeks of exercise (E-J8); 4) Control EJ-8 (C-J8); 5) Juvenile rats undergoing 12 weeks of exercise (E-J12; 6); Young adult rats undergoing 8 weeks of exercise (E-Yo8); 7) Control E-J12 and E-Yo8 (C-JY128). Exercise group will undergo different length of duration, starting from week 4 until 12 weeks. Cx43 was identified by immunohistochemical staining and analyzed with ImageJ software. Comparison was analyzed using independent t-test.Results: Insignificant lower of total Cx43 expression in E-J4 (64200.45 + 4243.676 total area, p >0.05) compared to control. In contrast, a significant higher of total Cx43 expression was observed in EJ-8, EJ-12 and E-Yo8 (80152.95 + 3760.481, p = 0.001; 75596.775 + 3976.333, p = 0,002; 81216.85+ 2475.768, p = 0,000). Slightly higher of lateral Cx43 redistribution occurred in all aerobic exercise, with significant lateralization in E-J8 and E-Yo8.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise increases Cx43 and slightly redistributed to lateral myocytes under normal condition both in juvenile and young adult rats.

Effects of aging on cardiac output, regional blood flow, and body composition in Fischer-344 rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 85 (5) ◽  
pp. 1813-1822 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael D. Delp ◽  
Marina V. Evans ◽  
Changping Duan
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Prostate Gland ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Fischer 344 ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Distribution Of Cardiac Output

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of maturation and aging on cardiac output, the distribution of cardiac output, tissue blood flow (determined by using the radioactive-microsphere technique), and body composition in conscious juvenile (2-mo-old), adult (6-mo-old), and aged (24-mo-old) male Fischer-344 rats. Cardiac output was lower in juvenile rats (51 ± 4 ml/min) than in adult (106 ± 5 ml/min) or aged (119 ± 10 ml/min) rats, but cardiac index was not different among groups. The proportion of cardiac output going to most tissues did not change with increasing age. However, the fraction of cardiac output to brain and spinal cord tissue and to skeletal muscle was greater in juvenile rats than that in the two adult groups. In addition, aged rats had a greater percent cardiac output to adipose tissue and a lower percent cardiac output to cutaneous and reproductive tissues than that in juvenile and adult rats. Differences in age also had little effect on mass-specific perfusion rates in most tissues. However, juvenile rats had lower flows to the pancreas, gastrointestinal tract, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and kidneys than did adult rats, and aged rats had lower flows to the white portion of rectus femoris muscle, spleen, thyroid and parathyroid glands, and prostate gland than did adult rats. Body mass of juvenile rats was composed of a lower percent adipose mass and a greater fraction of brain and spinal cord, heart, kidney, liver, and skeletal muscle than that of the adult and aged animals. Relative to the young adult rats, the body mass of aged animals had a greater percent adipose tissue mass and a lower percent skeletal muscle and skin mass. These data demonstrate that maturation and aging have a significant effect on the distribution of cardiac output but relatively little influence on mass-specific tissue perfusion rates in conscious rats. The old-age-related alterations in cardiac output distribution to adipose and cutaneous tissues appear to be associated with the increases in percent body fat and the decreases in the fraction of skin mass, respectively, whereas the decrease in the portion of cardiac output directed to reproductive tissue of aged rats appears to be related to a decrease in mass-specific blood flow to the prostate gland.

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