scholarly journals Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Left Ventricular Connexin43 Expression and Distribution in Juvenile and Young Adult Rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-13
Author(s):  
Rustiana Tasya Ariningpraja ◽  
‪Dewi Irawati Soeria Santoso ◽  
Ahmad Aulia Jusuf ◽  
Alfrina Hany
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Cx43 Expression ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Cardiac Ventricle ◽  
Main Protein ◽  
Imagej Software

Background: Gap Junction (GJ) plays a role in supporting the heart electricity. Connexin43 (Cx43) as the main protein constituent of GJ in left cardiac ventricle, will increase in number and slightly redistributed to the lateral sides of cardiomyocytes after aerobic exercise in adulthood. The effects of aerobic exercise that begin at childhood are not well known.Objective: This study aims to observe the effect of aerobic exercise which started from childhood on left ventricle Cx43 distribution.Methods: This study was conducted on 28 male Juvenile (4 weeks) and young adult (8 weeks) rats, divided into 7 groups: 1) Juvenile rats undergoing 4 weeks of exercise (E-J4); 2) Control E-J4 (C-J4); 3) Juvenile rats undergoing 8 weeks of exercise (E-J8); 4) Control EJ-8 (C-J8); 5) Juvenile rats undergoing 12 weeks of exercise (E-J12; 6); Young adult rats undergoing 8 weeks of exercise (E-Yo8); 7) Control E-J12 and E-Yo8 (C-JY128). Exercise group will undergo different length of duration, starting from week 4 until 12 weeks. Cx43 was identified by immunohistochemical staining and analyzed with ImageJ software. Comparison was analyzed using independent t-test.Results: Insignificant lower of total Cx43 expression in E-J4 (64200.45 + 4243.676 total area, p >0.05) compared to control. In contrast, a significant higher of total Cx43 expression was observed in EJ-8, EJ-12 and E-Yo8 (80152.95 + 3760.481, p = 0.001; 75596.775 + 3976.333, p = 0,002; 81216.85+ 2475.768, p = 0,000). Slightly higher of lateral Cx43 redistribution occurred in all aerobic exercise, with significant lateralization in E-J8 and E-Yo8.Conclusion: Aerobic exercise increases Cx43 and slightly redistributed to lateral myocytes under normal condition both in juvenile and young adult rats.

scholarly journals Differential effects of targeted tongue exercise and treadmill running on aging tongue muscle structure and contractile properties

2013 ◽  
Vol 114 (4) ◽  
pp. 472-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Kletzien ◽  
John A. Russell ◽  
Glen E. Leverson ◽  
Nadine P. Connor
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Contractile Properties ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Tongue Muscle ◽  
Muscle Structure ◽  
Old Rats

Age-associated changes in tongue muscle structure and strength may contribute to dysphagia in elderly people. Tongue exercise is a current treatment option. We hypothesized that targeted tongue exercise and nontargeted exercise that activates tongue muscles as a consequence of increased respiratory drive, such as treadmill running, are associated with different patterns of tongue muscle contraction and genioglossus (GG) muscle biochemistry. Thirty-one young adult, 34 middle-aged, and 37 old Fischer 344/Brown Norway rats received either targeted tongue exercise, treadmill running, or no exercise (5 days/wk for 8 wk). Protrusive tongue muscle contractile properties and myosin heavy chain (MHC) composition in the GG were examined at the end of 8 wk across groups. Significant age effects were found for maximal twitch and tetanic tension (greatest in young adult rats), MHCIIb (highest proportion in young adult rats), MHCIIx (highest proportion in middle-aged and old rats), and MHCI (highest proportion in old rats). The targeted tongue exercise group had the greatest maximal twitch tension and the highest proportion of MHCI. The treadmill running group had the shortest half-decay time, the lowest proportion of MHCIIa, and the highest proportion of MHCIIb. Fatigue was significantly less in the young adult treadmill running group and the old targeted tongue exercise group than in other groups. Thus, tongue muscle structure and contractile properties were affected by both targeted tongue exercise and treadmill running, but in different ways. Studies geared toward optimizing dose and manner of providing targeted and generalized tongue exercise may lead to alternative tongue exercise delivery strategies.

Heterogeneous distribution of a fatty acid analogue uptake in the myocardium of aged rats

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (10) ◽  
pp. 1120-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine Communal ◽  
Jean Verdetti ◽  
Colette Estrade ◽  
Thierry Humbert ◽  
Pierre Demenge
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Myocardial Uptake ◽  
Aged Rats ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Acid Analogue ◽  
Fatty Acid Analogue ◽  
Nbt Staining

The aim of this study was to determine the extent and location of damaged myocardial areas in senescent rats. The viability of myocardial cells was evaluated in virgin young (4 months old) and aged (29 months old) female Wistar rats by analysing the uptake of a slowly metabolisable radiolabelled fatty acid analogue, 15-p-iodophenyl-β-methylpentadecanoic acid (IMPPA). The biodistribution of IMPPA was measured in various organs, and regional myocardial uptake was specifically assessed using quantitative autoradiography. Myocardial enzymatic activity and DNA content were also evaluated with nitro blue tetrazolium (NBT) and propidium iodide (PÏ) staining, respectively. In senescent rats, cardiac and renal IMPPA uptake showed a significant (50%) reduction compared with young adult rats and the uptake was not significantly changed in the liver, spleen, lungs, and skeletal muscle. Total ventricular NBT staining and IMPPA uptake were almost homogeneous in young adult rats, whereas they were very heterogeneous in aged rats. In the latter, approximately 11% of the total ventricular volume showed a significantly decreased (by 60% or more) IMPPA uptake compared with normal values, and this reduction was greater in ventricle base than in apex. The myocardial areas unlabelled or poorly labelled by IMPPA represented 4, 5, 6, and 21% of the right ventricular, left ventricular epicardial, septal, and left ventricular endocardial volume, respectively, and were poorly stained with NBT. In some of these areas, PI staining indicated the presence of living cells unable to pick up NBT staining. In conclusion, in young adult rats, no myocardial lesions were observed using three different labelling techniques. However, important and significant myocardial lesioned areas were detected in senescent rats and were located preferentially in the left ventricular endocardium, as shown by a decrease in NBT staining and IMPPA uptake. These likely corresponded to a reduced number of cardiomyocytes and (or) a reduced aerobic substrate utilization, along with the development of fibrosis.Key words: senescent female rats, fatty acid analogue uptake, myocyte loss, lesioned and borderline areas.

Age effects on myosin subunit and biochemical alterations with skeletal muscle hypertrophy

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934-1939 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. C. Kandarian ◽  
L. M. Schulte ◽  
K. A. Esser
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Light Chain ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Juvenile Rats ◽  
Relative Expression ◽  
Biochemical Alterations ◽  
Hypertrophic Growth

The purpose of this study was to determine whether skeletal muscle mass, myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase activity, and the expression of myosin heavy (MHC) and light chain subunits are differentially affected in juvenile (4 wk) and young adult (12 wk) rats by a hypertrophic growth stimulus. Hypertrophy of the plantaris or soleus was studied 4 wk after ablation of either two [gastrocnemius (GTN) and soleus or plantaris] or one (GTN) synergistic muscle(s). There was no difference in the relative magnitude of hypertrophy because of age. Plantaris myofibrillar adenosinetriphosphatase activity was decreased 21 and 12% in juvenile and adult rats, respectively, as a result of ablation of both the GTN and soleus. Slow myosin light chain isoforms (1s and 2s) were expressed to a greater extent in hypertrophied plantaris muscles of both ages, but the increase in 1s was greater in juvenile rats. The relative expression of slow beta-MHC in hypertrophied plantaris muscles increased by 470 and 350%, whereas MHC IIb decreased by 70 and 33% in juvenile and adult rats, respectively. The relative expression of MHC IIa increased (56%) in the plantaris after ablation in juvenile rats only. These shifts in myosin subunit expression and the increases in mass were generally about one-half the magnitude when only the GTN was removed. There were no detectable myosin shifts in hypertrophied soleus muscles. Although the extent of muscle hypertrophy is similar, the shifts in myosin subunits were greater in juvenile than in young adult rats.

Physical exercise protects dynamic balance and motor coordination of rats treated with vincristine

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 336
Author(s):  
Luiza Minato Sagrillo ◽  
Viviane Nogueira De Zorzi ◽  
Luiz Fernando Freire Royes ◽  
Michele Rechia Fighera ◽  
Beatriz Da Silva Rosa Bonadiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Locomotor Activity ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Dynamic Balance ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Stress Damage ◽  
Training Protocol

Physical exercise has been shown to be an important modulator of the antioxidant system and neuroprotective in several diseases and treatments that affect the central nervous system. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the effect of physical exercise in dynamic balance, motor coordination, exploratory locomotor activity and in the oxidative and immunological balance of rats treated with vincristine (VCR). For that, 40 adult rats were divided into two groups: exercise group (6 weeks of swimming, 1h/day, 5 days/week, with overload of 5% of body weight) and sedentary group. After training, rats were treated with 0.5 mg/kg of vincristine sulfate for two weeks or with the same dose of 0.9% NaCl. The behavioral tests were conducted 1 and 7 days after each dose of VCR. On day 15 we carried out the biochemical analyzes of the cerebellum. The physical exercise was able to protect against the loss of dynamic balance and motor coordination and, had effect per se in the exploratory locomotor activity, and neutralize oxidative stress, damage DNA and immune damage caused by VCR up to 15 days after the end of the training protocol. In conclusion, we observed that previous physical training protects of the damage motor induced by vincristine.Key-words: exercise, oxidative stress, neuroprotection, cerebellum.

scholarly journals Hypertension in Prenatally Undernourished Young-Adult Rats Is Maintained by Tonic Reciprocal Paraventricular–Coerulear Excitatory Interactions

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 3568
Author(s):  
Bernardita Cayupe ◽  
Carlos Morgan ◽  
Gustavo Puentes ◽  
Luis Valladares ◽  
Héctor Burgos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Excitatory Pathways ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Prenatal Undernutrition ◽  
Number Of Cells

Prenatally malnourished rats develop hypertension in adulthood, in part through increased α1-adrenoceptor-mediated outflow from the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) to the sympathetic system. We studied whether both α1-adrenoceptor-mediated noradrenergic excitatory pathways from the locus coeruleus (LC) to the PVN and their reciprocal excitatory CRFergic connections contribute to prenatal undernutrition-induced hypertension. For that purpose, we microinjected either α1-adrenoceptor or CRH receptor agonists and/or antagonists in the PVN or the LC, respectively. We also determined the α1-adrenoceptor density in whole hypothalamus and the expression levels of α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. The results showed that: (i) agonists microinjection increased systolic blood pressure and heart rate in normotensive eutrophic rats, but not in prenatally malnourished subjects; (ii) antagonists microinjection reduced hypertension and tachycardia in undernourished rats, but not in eutrophic controls; (iii) in undernourished animals, antagonist administration to one nuclei allowed the agonists recover full efficacy in the complementary nucleus, inducing hypertension and tachycardia; (iv) early undernutrition did not modify the number of α1-adrenoceptor binding sites in hypothalamus, but reduced the number of cells expressing α1A-adrenoceptor mRNA in the PVN. These results support the hypothesis that systolic pressure and heart rate are increased by tonic reciprocal paraventricular–coerulear excitatory interactions in prenatally undernourished young-adult rats.

scholarly journals Brain Structure, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and Executive Control Changes after a 9-Week Exercise Intervention in Young Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 292
Author(s):  
Lina Zhu ◽  
Qian Yu ◽  
Fabian Herold ◽  
Boris Cheval ◽  
Xiaoxiao Dong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Executive Control ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Exercise Intervention ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Younger Adults

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is assumed to exert beneficial effects on brain structure and executive control (EC) performance. However, empirical evidence of exercise-induced cognitive enhancement is not conclusive, and the role of CRF in younger adults is not fully understood. Here, we conducted a study in which healthy young adults took part in a moderate aerobic exercise intervention program for 9 weeks (exercise group; n = 48), or control condition of non-aerobic exercise intervention (waitlist control group; n = 72). Before and after the intervention period maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) as an indicator of CRF, the Flanker task as a measure of EC performance and grey matter volume (GMV), as well as cortical thickness via structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), were assessed. Compared to the control group, the CRF (heart rate, p < 0.001; VO2max, p < 0.001) and EC performance (congruent and incongruent reaction time, p = 0.011, p < 0.001) of the exercise group were significantly improved after the 9-week aerobic exercise intervention. Furthermore, GMV changes in the left medial frontal gyrus increased in the exercise group, whereas they were significantly reduced in the control group. Likewise, analysis of cortical morphology revealed that the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC.L) and the left precuneus (PCUN.L) thickness were considerably increased in the exercise group, which was not observed in the control group. The exploration analysis confirmed that CRF improvements are linked to EC improvement and frontal grey matter changes. In summary, our results support the idea that regular endurance exercises are an important determinant for brain health and cognitive performance even in a cohort of younger adults.

scholarly journals Stimulus-specific adaptation in auditory thalamus of young and aged awake rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 110 (8) ◽  
pp. 1892-1902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben D. Richardson ◽  
Kenneth E. Hancock ◽  
Donald M. Caspary
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Brown Norway ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Specific Adaptation ◽  
Auditory Thalamus ◽  
Gating Mechanism ◽  
Medial Geniculate ◽  
Awake Rats

Novel stimulus detection by single neurons in the auditory system, known as stimulus-specific adaptation (SSA), appears to function as a real-time filtering/gating mechanism in processing acoustic information. Particular stimulus paradigms allowing for quantification of a neuron's ability to detect novel or deviant stimuli have been used to examine SSA in the inferior colliculus, medial geniculate body (MGB), and auditory cortex of anesthetized rodents. However, the study of SSA in awake animals is limited to auditory cortex. The present study used individually advanceable tetrodes to record single-unit responses from auditory thalamus (MGB) of awake young adult and aged Fischer Brown Norway (FBN) rats to 1) examine the presence of SSA in the MGB of awake rats and 2) determine whether SSA is altered by aging in MGB. MGB single units in awake FBN rats displayed SSA in response to two stimulus paradigms: the oddball paradigm and a random blocked/interleaved presentation of a set of frequencies. SSA levels were modestly, but nonsignificantly, increased in the nonlemniscal regions of the MGB and at lower stimulus intensities, where 27 of 57 (47%) young adult MGB units displayed SSA. The present findings provide the initial description of SSA in the MGB of awake rats and support SSA as being qualitatively independent of arousal level or anesthetized state. Finally, contrary to previous studies in auditory cortex of anesthetized rats, MGB units in aged rats showed SSA levels indistinguishable from SSA levels in young adult rats, suggesting that SSA in MGB was not impacted by aging in an awake preparation.

scholarly journals The effect of low intensity pulsed ultrasound on mandibular condylar growth in young adult rats

Bone Reports ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 101122
Author(s):  
Yasamin Hadaegh ◽  
Hasan Uludag ◽  
Douglas Dederich ◽  
Tarek H. El-Bialy
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Low Intensity Pulsed Ultrasound ◽  
Low Intensity
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