Regional blood flows in the goat latissimus dorsi muscle before and after chronic stimulation

1996 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 2365-2372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard E. Klabunde ◽  
William A. Anderson ◽  
Marius Locke ◽  
Sigrid E. Ianuzzo ◽  
C. David Ianuzzo
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Blood Flows ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Thoracodorsal Artery ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Regional Blood Flows

Klabunde, Richard E., William A. Anderson, Marius Locke, Sigrid E. Ianuzzo, and C. David Ianuzzo. Regional blood flows in the goat latissimus dorsi muscle before and after chronic stimulation. J. Appl. Physiol. 81(6): 2365–2372, 1996.—Latissimus dorsi muscle (LDM) regional blood flows were determined in anesthetized goats by using colored microspheres under noncontracting and contracting conditions, either before or after 8–10 wk of chronic muscle stimulation. Surgical dissection of the LDM, leaving only the thoracodorsal artery to supply the muscle, did not alter regional noncontracting blood flows but significantly reduced the normal hyperemic response to muscle contraction in muscle regions (posterior-medial) furthest from the entrance of the thoracodorsal artery. Eight to 10 wk after acute muscle dissection, posterior-medial hyperemic flows were restored. Chronic stimulation of the LDM for 8–10 wk, in either dissected or nondissected muscles, did not alter regional blood flows in noncontracting muscle; however, it significantly reduced hyperemic flows in all muscle regions, although capillary density was increased and the muscle was transformed into a predominantly type I fiber type. These results, coupled with data from previous experiments, suggest that the muscle damage observed in the posterior-medial regions of the LDM after surgical dissection and chronic stimulation may be related to reduced hyperemic flow responses caused by surgical isolation of the muscle.

Structure of the latissimus dorsi muscle and respiratory function

1995 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 1132-1139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Orozco-Levi ◽  
J. Gea ◽  
J. Sauleda ◽  
J. M. Corominas ◽  
J. Minguella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forced Vital Capacity ◽  
Respiratory Function ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Vital Capacity ◽  
Reference Value ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Capacity Ratio ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether respiratory function influences the structure of the latissimus dorsi muscle (LD). Twelve patients (58 +/- 10 yr) undergoing thoracotomy were studied. Lung and respiratory muscle function were evaluated before surgery. Patients showed a forced expired volume in 1 s (FEV1) of 67 +/- 16% of the reference value, an FEV1-forced vital capacity ratio of 69 +/- 9%, a maximal inspiratory pressure of 101 +/- 21% of the reference value, and a tension-time index of the diaphragm (TTdi) of 0.04 +/- 0.02. When patients were exposed to 8% CO2 breathing, TTdi increased to 0.06 +/- 0.03 (P < 0.05). The structural analysis of LD showed that 51 +/- 5% of the fibers were type I. The diameter was 56 +/- 9 microns for type I fibers and 61 +/- 9 microns for type II fibers, whereas the hypertrophy factor was 87 +/- 94 and 172 +/- 208 for type I and II fibers, respectively. Interestingly, the histogram distribution of the LD fibers was unimodal in two of the three individuals with normal lung function and bimodal (additional mode of hypertrophic fibers) in seven of the nine patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. An inverse relationship was found between the %FEV1-forced vital capacity ratio and both the diameter of the fibers (type I: r = -0.773, P < 0.005; type II: r = -0.590, P < 0.05) and the hypertrophy factors (type I: r = -0.647, P < 0.05; type II: r = -0.575, P = 0.05).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Main morphological characteristics of the vascular pedicle of latissimus dorsi muscle and their relevance in operative treatment

2010 ◽  
Vol 138 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 449-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Ilic ◽  
Aleksandar Lesic ◽  
Marko Bumbasirevic
Keyword(s):  
Operative Treatment ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Vascular Pedicle ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Vascular Elements ◽  
Thoracodorsal Artery ◽  
Pedicle Length

Introduction. Considering operative treatment of various pathological conditions and traumatic injuries of extremities latissimus dorsi flap presents the most frequently used flap in reconstructive surgery. Objective. The aim of this paper was to analyze anatomical characteristics of the vascular pedicle of the latissimus dorsi muscle followed by morphometric analyzes of vascular elements. Methods. This paper was carried out in cooperation with the Institute of Anatomy of the School of Medicine, University of Belgrade. The study was based on 40 cadaver dissections followed by anatomical and morphometric analyzes. The first analysis included the determination of thoracodorsal artery (TDA) origin and its lateral and terminal branches, and the second one the observation of artery path. Furthermore the same features were analyzed on the thoracodorsal vein. During morphometric analyzes artery and vein length and diameter were recorded. Results. Our results showed that TDA always contains one lateral branch, while three other lateral branches were inconstant. In most cases TDA terminated in two branches, upper and lower, with average distance of 3.4 cm from the muscle. The mean recorded pedicle length was 9.9 cm. The average inner diameter of TDA was 1.85 mm. In further analyses the average observed thoracodorsal vein length was 10.5 cm with mean diameter of 2.93 mm. The result showed that vein origin was usually represented with two branches. Conclusion. The thoracodorsal artery is a blood vessel of considerable length and diameter which represents a great advantage in reconstructive flap surgery.

scholarly journals Type II to Type I Transformation of Chronically Stimulated Goat Latissimus dorsi Muscle: A Histoenzymological, Biochemical, Bioenergetic, and Functional Study

1996 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 80-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Radermecker ◽  
B. Focant ◽  
T. Hautecler ◽  
F. Huriaux ◽  
C. Duyckerts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Functional Study ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

scholarly journals Myosin Isoforms and Contractile Properties of Single Fibers of Human Latissimus Dorsi Muscle

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Paoli ◽  
Quirico F. Pacelli ◽  
Pasqua Cancellara ◽  
Luana Toniolo ◽  
Tatiana Moro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Myosin Heavy Chain Isoforms ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Myosin Isoforms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type Distribution ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution

The aim of our study was to investigate fiber type distribution and contractile characteristics of Latissimus Dorsi muscle (LDM). Samples were collected from 18 young healthy subjects (9 males and 9 females) through percutaneous fine needle muscle biopsy. The results showed a predominance of fast myosin heavy chain isoforms (MyHC) with 42% of MyHC 2A and 25% of MyHC 2X, while MyHC 1 represented only 33%. The unbalance toward fast isoforms was even greater in males (71%) than in females (64%). Fiber type distribution partially reflected MyHC isoform distribution with 28% type 1/slow fibers and 5% hybrid 1/2A fibers, while fast fibers were divided into 30% type 2A, 31% type A/X, 4% type X, and 2% type 1/2X. Type 1/slow fibers were not only less abundant but also smaller in cross-sectional area than fast fibers. During maximal isometric contraction, type 1/slow fibers developed force and tension significantly lower than the two major groups of fast fibers. In conclusion, the predominance of fast fibers and their greater size and strength compared to slow fibers reveal that LDM is a muscle specialized mainly in phasic and powerful activity. Importantly, such specialization is more pronounced in males than in females.

ANGIONEOGENESIS AROUND INDUCED BONE WITH RECOMBINANT HUMAN BMP-2 IN A LATISSIMUS DORSI MUSCLE FLAP

2002 ◽  
Vol 06 (01) ◽  
pp. 17-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiro Akioka ◽  
Kenji Kusumoto ◽  
Kazuhisa Bessho ◽  
Junya Sonobe ◽  
Shinji Kaihara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contrast Medium ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Muscle Flap ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Surrounding Tissue ◽  
Type I ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle Flap ◽  
Bony Tissue ◽  
Dorsi Muscle

Bony tissue induced with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) in the latissimus dorsi muscle flap (LDMF) of rats was investigated in angiography and histological examination. In five rats, rhBMP-2 with atelopeptide type I collagen (CL) as a carrier was implanted in the muscle pocket of LDMF. In five controls, only CL was implanted in the same manner. Three weeks after the implant, contrast medium was injected into the assending aorta. The LDMF was cut off at the base and exposed in soft X-ray. The implant and the surrounding tissue were then histologically examined. In the rhBMP-2-implant group, the vascularity was richer, especially around the implant, and radiated to the induced bony tissue. Contrast medium was observed in the vascular cavities of the marrow inside the trabeculae. In the controls, the vascularity was relatively poor and the remnant CL occupied the whole implant space. This study indicated that rhBMP-2 does not only induce trabeculae in muscle tissue, but also in the marrow, including vessels in the implant and the vascular system around the implant. Then, the induced bony tissue is supported in the circulation by the circulation by the vascular system, as a functional osseous tissue. This phenomenon may be highly beneficial in endogenous tissue engineering and regenerative medicene for skeletal reconstruction using BMP in the future.

Activation of a novel metabolic gene regulatory pathway by chronic stimulation of skeletal muscle

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (5) ◽  
pp. C1413-C1420 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Cresci ◽  
L. D. Wright ◽  
J. A. Spratt ◽  
F. N. Briggs ◽  
D. P. Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Latissimus Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Chronic Stimulation ◽  
Dorsi Muscle ◽  
Oxidation Enzyme

To determine whether expression of a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzyme is regulated in parallel with skeletal muscle fibre-type-specific energy substrate preference, expression of the gene encoding medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (MCAD) was delineated in canine latissimus dorsi muscle subjected to chronic motor nerve stimulation. In predominantly fast-twitch canine latissimus dorsi muscle, MCAD mRNA levels were regulated by chronic stimulation in a biphasic pattern. During the 1st wk of stimulation, steady-state MCAD mRNA levels decreased to 50% of unstimulated levels. MCAD mRNA levels began to increase during the 3rd wk of stimulation to reach a level 3.0-fold higher than levels in unstimulated contralateral control muscle by day 70. Immunodetectable MCAD mRNA levels throughout the stimulation period. The temporal pattern and magnitude of MCAD mRNA accumulation in response to muscle stimulation was distinct from that of mRNAs encoding other enzymes known to be regulated by this stimulus, including glyceraldehyde phosphate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca-ATPase, but paralleled the protein levels of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR), an orphan member of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily known to regulate genes encoding fatty acid oxidation enzymes in liver. The skeletal muscle expression pattern of PPAR was also similar to that of MCAD in unstimulated rat skeletal muscles with distinct fiber-type compositions. These results demonstrate that a nuclear gene encoding a mitochondrial beta-oxidation enzyme is dynamically regulated in a pattern that parallels skeletal muscle fiber-type-specific energy substrate utilization and implicate an orphan nuclear receptor transcription factor as a candidate transducer of this response.

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