Muscle quality. II. Effects of strength training in 65- to 75-yr-old men and women

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Tracy ◽  
F. M. Ivey ◽  
D. Hurlbut ◽  
G. F. Martel ◽  
J. T. Lemmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Quadriceps Muscle ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Leg Extension ◽  
Before And After

To determine the effects of strength training (ST) on muscle quality (MQ, strength/muscle volume of the trained muscle group), 12 healthy older men (69 ± 3 yr, range 65–75 yr) and 11 healthy older women (68 ± 3 yr, range 65–73 yr) were studied before and after a unilateral leg ST program. After a warm-up set, four sets of heavy-resistance knee extensor ST exercise were performed 3 days/wk for 9 wk on the Keiser K-300 leg extension machine. The men exhibited greater absolute increases in the knee extension one-repetition maximum (1-RM) strength test (75 ± 2 and 94 ± 3 kg before and after training, respectively) and in quadriceps muscle volume measured by magnetic resonance imaging (1,753 ± 44 and 1,955 ± 43 cm3) than the women (42 ± 2 and 55 ± 3 kg for the 1-RM test and 1,125 ± 53 vs. 1,261 ± 65 cm3 for quadriceps muscle volume before and after training, respectively, in women; both P < 0.05). However, percent increases were similar for men and women in the 1-RM test (27 and 29% for men and women, respectively), muscle volume (12% for both), and MQ (14 and 16% for men and women, respectively). Significant increases in MQ were observed in both groups in the trained leg (both P < 0.05) and in the 1-RM test for the untrained leg (both P < 0.05), but no significant differences were observed between groups, suggesting neuromuscular adaptations in both gender groups. Thus, although older men appear to have a greater capacity for absolute strength and muscle mass gains than older women in response to ST, the relative contribution of neuromuscular and hypertrophic factors to the increase in strength appears to be similar between genders.

scholarly journals Omega-3 supplementation improves isometric strength but not muscle anabolic and catabolic signaling in response to resistance exercise in healthy older adults

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sebastiaan Dalle ◽  
Evelien Van Roie ◽  
Charlotte Hiroux ◽  
Mathias Vanmunster ◽  
Walter Coudyzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Muscle Inflammation ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Old skeletal muscle exhibits decreased anabolic sensitivity, eventually contributing to muscle wasting. Besides anabolism, also muscle inflammation and catabolism are critical players in regulating the old skeletal muscle’s sensitivity. Omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3) are an interesting candidate to reverse anabolic insensitivity via anabolic actions. Yet, it remains unknown whether ω-3 also attenuates muscle inflammation and catabolism. The present study investigates the effect of ω-3 supplementation on muscle inflammation and metabolism (anabolism/catabolism) upon resistance exercise (RE). Twenty-three older adults (OA) (65-84yr;8♀) were randomized to receive ω-3 (~3g·d -1) or corn oil (PLAC) and engaged in a 12-wk RE program (3x·wk -1). Before and after intervention, muscle volume, strength and systemic inflammation were assessed, and muscle biopsies were analysed for markers of anabolism, catabolism and inflammation. Isometric knee-extensor strength increased in ω-3 (+12.2%), but not in PLAC (-1.4%; pinteraction=0.015), whereas leg press strength improved in both conditions (+27.1%; ptime&lt;0.001). RE, but not ω-3, decreased inflammatory (p65NF-κB) and catabolic (FOXO1, LC3b) markers, and improved muscle quality. Yet, muscle volume remained unaffected by RE and ω-3. Accordingly, muscle anabolism (mTORC1) and plasma CRP remained unchanged by RE and ω-3, whereas serum IL-6 tended to decrease in ω-3 (pinteraction=0.07). These results show that, despite no changes in muscle volume, RE-induced gains in isometric strength can be further enhanced by ω-3. However, ω-3 did not improve RE-induced beneficial catabolic or inflammatory adaptations. Irrespective of muscle volume, gains in strength (primary criterion for sarcopenia) might be explained by changes in muscle quality due to muscle inflammatory or catabolic signaling.

scholarly journals Effects of strength training and detraining on knee extensor strength, muscle volume and muscle quality in elderly women

AGE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 1899-1904 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleiton Silva Correa ◽  
Bruno Manfredini Baroni ◽  
Régis Radaelli ◽  
Fábio Juner Lanferdini ◽  
Giovani Dos Santos Cunha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Knee Extensor Strength ◽  
Training And Detraining

Alpha-Actinin-3 (ACTN3) R577X Polymorphism Influences Knee Extensor Peak Power Response to Strength Training in Older Men and Women

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 206-212 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Delmonico ◽  
M. C. Kostek ◽  
N. A. Doldo ◽  
B. D. Hand ◽  
S. Walsh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Knee Extensor ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Power Response ◽  
Older Men And Women

Muscle strength response to strength training is influenced by insulin-like growth factor 1 genotype in older adults

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2147-2154 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew C. Kostek ◽  
Matthew J. Delmonico ◽  
Jonathan B. Reichel ◽  
Stephen M. Roth ◽  
Larry Douglass ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Muscle Volume ◽  
Muscle Quality ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Igf I

Strength training (ST) is considered an intervention of choice for the prevention and treatment of sarcopenia. Reports in the literature have suggested that the insulin-like growth factor I protein (IGF-I) plays a major role in ST-induced skeletal muscle hypertrophy and strength improvements. A microsatellite repeat in the promoter region of the IGF1 gene has been associated with IGF-I blood levels and phenotypes related to IGF-I in adult men and women. To examine the influence of this polymorphism on muscle hypertrophic and strength responses to ST, we studied 67 Caucasian men and women before and after a 10-wk single-leg knee-extension ST program. One repetition maximum strength, muscle volume via computed tomography, and muscle quality were assessed at baseline and after 10 wk of training. The IGF1 repeat promoter polymorphism and three single-nucleotide polymorphisms were genotyped. For the promoter polymorphism, subjects were grouped as homozygous for the 192 allele, heterozygous, or noncarriers of the 192 allele. After 10 wk of training, 1-repetition maximum, muscle volume, and muscle quality increased significantly for all groups combined ( P < 0.001). However, carriers of the 192 allele gained significantly more strength with ST than noncarriers of the 192 allele ( P = 0.02). There was also a nonsignificant trend for a greater increase in muscle volume in 192 carriers than noncarriers ( P = 0.08). No significant associations were observed for the other polymorphisms studied. Thus these data suggest that the IGF1 promoter polymorphism may influence the strength response to ST. Larger sample sizes should be used in future studies to verify these results.

Characteristics Associated With Migration Among Older Women and Men in Rural Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Kendall ◽  
Philip Anglewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Migration

The older population in sub-Saharan Africa is growing rapidly, but little is known about the migration patterns of older individuals in this setting. In this article, we identify the determinants of migration for older individuals in a rural African setting. To do so, we use rare longitudinal data with information for older individuals both before and after migration. We first identify premigration factors associated with moving in the future and then identify differences in characteristics between migrants and nonmigrants after migration. In addition to basic sociodemographic information, we examine differences between migrants and nonmigrants in land ownership, number of lifetime marriages, number of living offspring, previous migration experience, household size, social and religious participation, and religious affiliation. Results show that (a) migration in older age is related to marriage, health and HIV status, household size, and religion; (b) older women who are HIV-positive are more likely to move, and older men with better physical health are more likely to move; (c) older female migrants have worse postmigration physical health; and (d) the relationship between health and migration for older men disappears after migration.

scholarly journals Key Life Differences for Older Men and Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Svetlana N. Tereshchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Difference Criterion ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

This article examines the issue of gender differences in attitudes towards life in older people. The study found that older women are more positive about life than men. To process the research results, such methods of mathematical statistics as the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Mann– Whitney difference criterion were used. Based on the results of the work carried out, recommendations were formulated for specialists working with the elderly.

Does insulin-like growth factor 1 genotype influence muscle power response to strength training in older men and women?

2011 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 743-753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suchi Sood ◽  
Erik D. Hanson ◽  
Matthew J. Delmonico ◽  
Matthew C. Kostek ◽  
Brian D. Hand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Strength Training ◽  
Muscle Power ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Power Response ◽  
Older Men And Women

Intersectional Escape: Older Women Elude Agentic Prescriptions More Than Older Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Martin ◽  
Michael S. North ◽  
Katherine W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Diversity Research

Both older individuals and women are proscribed from engaging in power-related behaviors, with women proscribed from behaving agentically and older individuals expected to cede desirable resources through “Succession.” However, little is known about whether these overlapping agency prescriptions equally target men and women across the lifespan. In seven studies, we find that older men face the strongest prescriptions to behave less agentically and cede resources, whereas older women are comparatively spared. We show that agency prescriptions more strongly target older men, compared to older women (Studies 1a, 1b, 2) and their younger counterparts (Studies 3 and 4) and examine social and economic consequences for agentic behavior in political, economic, and academic domains. We also find that older men garner more extreme (i.e., polarized) reactions due to their greater perceived resource threat (Studies 4-6). We conclude by discussing theoretical implications for diversity research and practical considerations for accommodating the fast-aging population.

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