Intersectional Escape: Older Women Elude Agentic Prescriptions More Than Older Men

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 342-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E. Martin ◽  
Michael S. North ◽  
Katherine W. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Aging Population ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Women Studies ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Diversity Research

Both older individuals and women are proscribed from engaging in power-related behaviors, with women proscribed from behaving agentically and older individuals expected to cede desirable resources through “Succession.” However, little is known about whether these overlapping agency prescriptions equally target men and women across the lifespan. In seven studies, we find that older men face the strongest prescriptions to behave less agentically and cede resources, whereas older women are comparatively spared. We show that agency prescriptions more strongly target older men, compared to older women (Studies 1a, 1b, 2) and their younger counterparts (Studies 3 and 4) and examine social and economic consequences for agentic behavior in political, economic, and academic domains. We also find that older men garner more extreme (i.e., polarized) reactions due to their greater perceived resource threat (Studies 4-6). We conclude by discussing theoretical implications for diversity research and practical considerations for accommodating the fast-aging population.

Characteristics Associated With Migration Among Older Women and Men in Rural Malawi

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 283-308 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob Kendall ◽  
Philip Anglewicz
Keyword(s):  
Physical Health ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Religious Affiliation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Household Size ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Sub Saharan ◽  
And Migration

The older population in sub-Saharan Africa is growing rapidly, but little is known about the migration patterns of older individuals in this setting. In this article, we identify the determinants of migration for older individuals in a rural African setting. To do so, we use rare longitudinal data with information for older individuals both before and after migration. We first identify premigration factors associated with moving in the future and then identify differences in characteristics between migrants and nonmigrants after migration. In addition to basic sociodemographic information, we examine differences between migrants and nonmigrants in land ownership, number of lifetime marriages, number of living offspring, previous migration experience, household size, social and religious participation, and religious affiliation. Results show that (a) migration in older age is related to marriage, health and HIV status, household size, and religion; (b) older women who are HIV-positive are more likely to move, and older men with better physical health are more likely to move; (c) older female migrants have worse postmigration physical health; and (d) the relationship between health and migration for older men disappears after migration.

scholarly journals Key Life Differences for Older Men and Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
Dmitriy V. Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Svetlana N. Tereshchuk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Difference Criterion ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient

This article examines the issue of gender differences in attitudes towards life in older people. The study found that older women are more positive about life than men. To process the research results, such methods of mathematical statistics as the Spearman rank correlation coefficient and the Mann– Whitney difference criterion were used. Based on the results of the work carried out, recommendations were formulated for specialists working with the elderly.

scholarly journals OFFERING SHIFTS TO CASUAL LANGUAGE (‘BAN-MAL’) IN THE KOREAN TV SHOW WE GOT MARRIED

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 37-55
Author(s):  
Youngran BAŠTANOVÁ KWAK
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Older People ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Reality Tv ◽  
The Other ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Speech Styles ◽  
Tv Show

: This research focuses on the topic of Korean speech style shifts from polite to casual between men and women in romantic relationships. This study used data from the Korean reality TV show We Got Married, which was broadcast in Korea for 9 years. After reviewing the system of Korean speech styles and manners of shifts, the study explores who is the first one to offer a shift, what they say, and how an offer is given. According to the analysis, older people were more likely to offer shifts first in the case of romantic relationships. In the TV show, older women tended to offer first a little more through indirect means, while older men offered rather directly. As for expressions used in the offers, the phrase ‘drop the honorifics’ and ‘talk comfortably’ were the most frequently used. They might offer in either polite or casual language, with sudden shifts. However, it was more common for speakers to offer shifts while talking in polite language. During conversations, two types of offers were observed: symmetrical shifts and asymmetrical shifts. In the first type, one speaker suggests shifts from both sides. The second type has more variations: one speaker requests the other’s permission to use casual language, allows the other to use casual language, or shows the speaker’s decision to use casual language. In the samples, symmetrical shifts occurred more often.

scholarly journals It Takes Two to Tango: Development, Validation, and Personality Correlates of the Acceptance of Sugar Relationships in Older Men and Women Scale (ASR-OMWS)

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
András Láng ◽  
Béla Birkás ◽  
András N. Zsidó ◽  
Dóra Ipolyi ◽  
Norbert Meskó
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Motivation ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Attitude Scale ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Love Styles ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Love Relationships ◽  
Sexual Services ◽  
Older Men And Women

Sugar relationships can be considered contemporary forms of transactional sex, that is, offering sexual services for material resources or other benefits. Considering the common age differences in these relationships, sugar relationships might be of relevance for older adults as well on the mating market. As a sequel to Birkás et al. (2020), in the present study, an attitude scale was developed to assess older women’s and men’s acceptance of sugar relationships. We also explored whether the acceptance of sugar relationships was associated with love styles, sociosexual orientation, sexual motivation, and certain socially aversive personality traits. In two online studies with a total number of 836 participants (N = 277 women and 559 men), the results showed that the Acceptance of Sugar Relationships in Older Men and Women Scale (ASR-OMWS) proved to be a reliable and conceptually valid measure of older individuals’ attitude toward sugar relationships. A more accepting attitude toward sugar relationships was found to be associated with more unrestricted sociosexuality, preference to engage in playful love relationships and more self-focused sexual motivation (study 1; N = 481, 167 women and 314 men), and with more pronounced Dark Triad and borderline traits (study 2; N = 355, 110 women and 245 men). Our findings are discussed in an evolutionary framework.

Conversations between Older Men and Women: Turn-Taking and Topics

1996 ◽  
Vol 83 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1330-1330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Martin ◽  
Priscilla Davis ◽  
Jess Dancer
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Turn Taking ◽  
Older Men And Women

Five dyads of older men paired with older women were compared on the pragmatic variables of turn-taking and topicalization. Men talked longer and more often while women served to reinforce and maintain the conversational topics.

Temperament and Personality as Functions of Age

1996 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 251-269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Albert Mehrabian ◽  
Jeffrey S. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Psychological Adjustment ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Temperament Trait

Age-related differences in three temperament (Trait Pleasure-displeasure, Trait Arousability, Trait-Dominance-submissiveness), and four personality (Achieving Tendency, Conformity, Shyness, Loneliness), scales were explored in three studies. Results, generally, were consistent with the hypothesis that scores on Trait Dominance and on trait measures that correlated positively with Trait Dominance (e.g., achievement) were lower for older persons. Achieving Tendency (assessed in Studies One and Three) was lower for older persons. Trait Dominance (assessed in 2 studies) was lower for older men and women in Study Two and lower for older women only in Study Three. In Study Three, two strong negative correlates of Trait Dominance (Conformity, Shyness) were higher for older women. Based on a consistent absence of age/Trait Pleasure relationships, no age-related differences in psychological adjustment-maladjustment were implied by the findings.

scholarly journals Associations between Circulating Inflammatory Biomarkers and Indicators of Muscle Health in Older Men and Women

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5316
Author(s):  
Oscar Bergens ◽  
Andreas Nilsson ◽  
Fawzi Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Biological Sex ◽  
Muscle Health ◽  
Older Men And Women

Systemic inflammation is believed to contribute to declining muscle health during aging. The present study aims to examine associations between indicators of muscle health and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers in older men and women, while also considering the impacts of physical activity and protein intake. An assessment of skeletal muscle index (SMI) by bioelectrical impedance analysis, handgrip strength, and 5-sit-to-stand time, using standardized procedures, was conducted in a population of older men (n = 90) and women (n = 148) aged 65–70 years. The inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, IL-18, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α were assessed in blood samples. Data were analyzed and stratified according to biological sex using multiple linear regression models. In older women, SMI was inversely associated with the pro-inflammatory markers CRP (β = −0.372; p < 0.05), fibrinogen (β = −0.376; p < 0.05), and IL-6 (β = −0.369; p < 0.05). Importantly, these associations were independent of abdominal adiposity (waist circumference), protein intake, physical activity level, as well as any adherence to muscle strengthening guidelines (≥2 sessions/week). In contrast, no corresponding associations were observed in men. In conclusion, our findings indicate the detrimental influence of a pro-inflammatory environment on muscle health regardless of important lifestyle-related factors in older women. However, the lack of such associations in older men highlights the importance of considering biological sex when examining the complex interaction between the systemic inflammatory environment and muscle health.

scholarly journals Evaluation of rehabilitation exercise effects by using gradation-based skeletal muscle echo intensity in older individuals: a one-group before-and-after trial study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Akito Yoshiko ◽  
Takashi Kaji ◽  
Tsuyoshi Kozuka ◽  
Takayuki Sawazaki ◽  
Hiroshi Akima
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Echo Intensity ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Thigh Muscles ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Rehabilitation Exercise

Abstract Background Higher muscle echo intensity (EI) reflects higher content of fat and/or connective tissue within skeletal muscle, eventually inducing lower muscle strength, physical dysfunction, and metabolic impairment. Continuous exercise decreases muscle EI in older individuals; however, it is not well understood how several months’ rehabilitation exercise affects gradation-based EI. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of 6 months of rehabilitation exercise on gradation-based higher and lower EI in older men and women. Methods Twenty-seven men and women (7 men, 20 women; age, 75.6 ± 6.4 years; height, 154.3 ± 8.5 cm; weight, 55.8 ± 9.7 kg) participated in this study. This study was a one-group before-and-after trial. They needed long-term care for activities of daily living. They performed rehabilitation exercises consisting of resistance exercises using a hydraulic resistance machine, stretching, and aerobic exercises using a recumbent bicycle once or twice a week for 6 months. B-mode ultrasonographic transverse image was taken from thigh muscles, e.g., rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, and biceps femoris. We calculated gradation-based cross-sectional area (CSA) from thigh muscles by dividing 256 greyscale level to 10 different components levels (e.g., 0–24, 25–49, 50–74, …, 200–224 and 225–249 a.u.). Results Lowest EI (e.g., 0–24 a.u.) CSA of thigh muscle was significantly increased after the exercise (0.3 ± 0.3 to 1.0 ± 0.8 cm2; P < 0.05). Middle to higher EI (e.g., 50–74, 75–99, 100–124, 125–149, 150–174, 175–199 and 200–224 a.u.) CSAs were significantly decreased from 23.0 to 68.7% after the exercise (P < 0.05). Conclusions Several months’ rehabilitation exercise affected both lower and higher EI in older men and women. This result suggests that rehabilitation exercise changes muscle composition by increasing contractile muscle tissue and decreasing fat and connective tissues.

Hemodynamics and brain blood flow during posture change in younger women and postmenopausal women compared with age-matched men

2012 ◽  
Vol 112 (9) ◽  
pp. 1482-1493 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Edgell ◽  
A. D. Robertson ◽  
R. L. Hughson
Keyword(s):  
Older Women ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Stroke Volume Index ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Volume Index ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Older Men And Women ◽  
Forearm Vascular Resistance

Increased incidence of orthostatic hypotension and presyncopal symptoms in young women could be related to hormonal factors that might be isolated by comparing cardiovascular and cerebrovascular responses to postural change in young and older men and women. Seven young women, 11 young men, 10 older women (>1 yr postmenopausal, no hormone therapy), and 9 older men participated in a supine-to-sit-to-stand test while measuring systemic hemodynamics, end-tidal Pco2, and blood flow velocity of the middle cerebral artery (MCA). Women had a greater reduction in stroke volume index compared with age-matched men (change from supine to standing: young women: −22.9 ± 1.6 ml/m2; young men: −14.4 ± 2.4 ml/m2; older women: −17.4 ± 3.3 ml/m2; older men: −13.8 ± 2.2 ml/m2). This was accompanied by offsetting changes in heart rate, particularly in young women, resulting in no age or sex differences in cardiac output index. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) was higher in older subjects and increased with movement to upright postures. Younger men and women had higher forearm vascular resistance that increased progressively in the upright posture compared with older men and women. There was no difference between sexes or ages in total peripheral resistance index. Women had higher MCA velocity, but both sexes had reduced MCA velocity while upright, which was a function of reduced blood pressure at the MCA and a significant reduction in end-tidal Pco2. The reductions in stroke volume index suggested impaired venous return in women, but augmented responses of heart rate and forearm vascular resistance protected MAP in younger women. Overall, these results showed significant sex and age-related differences, but compensatory mechanisms preserved MAP and MCA velocity in young women.

scholarly journals Dimensions of Social Isolation and Weight Loss among Older Men and Women in S. Korea

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 909-909
Author(s):  
Youngjoon Bae ◽  
Mark Pachucki
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Social Contact ◽  
Older Men ◽  
Living Alone ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Older Men And Women

Abstract Older men who live alone are typically believed to be highly susceptible to malnutrition. However, recent studies report their living alone status is associated with frailty negatively and with Type 2 diabetes positively. Meanwhile, older women who live alone are believed to be less susceptible to malnutrition, but qualitative research point out their high likelihood of malnutrition. There is little literature to explain these paradoxes. To evaluate this gap in understanding of how a metabolic process may be shaped by social context, this study examines whether different aspects of social isolation among older men and women (living alone, social contact, loneliness) are associated with adverse weight loss, as well as with indicators of meal frequency and body weight. For this, a data set comprised of 6,680 older adults from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging surveyed every two years from 2006 to 2018 was analyzed using panel regression models. Among older men, living alone was negatively associated with logged body weight even when considering loneliness but not associated with meal frequency and 5kg or more weight loss. Among older women, living alone was not associated with logged body weight but associated with fewer meals and 5kg or more weight loss. The association disappeared when considering loneliness. Unexpectedly, social contact was not significant to prevent adverse weight loss.

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