Interactive effects of habitual physical activity and calcium intake on bone density in boys and girls

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann V. Rowlands ◽  
David K. Ingledew ◽  
Sarah M. Powell ◽  
Roger G. Eston
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Vigorous Activity ◽  
Total Body

The purpose of this study was to assess the interactive effects of habitual physical activity (total and vigorous intensity) and calcium intake on bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal boys and girls. Seventy-six children, aged 8–11 yr, wore accelerometers for up to 7 days to assess activity. Calcium intake was estimated by a 4-day weighted food diary. BMC and areal density (bone mineral density) were measured at the total body, proximal femur, and femoral neck by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Moderated regression analyses were used to assess the contributions of physical activity (total and vigorous) and calcium intake to BMC, residualized for bone area and body mass. Interactive effects of vigorous activity (≥6 metabolic equivalents) and calcium intake were found at the total body in boys ( b = 2.90 × 10−3) and in girls ( b = 6.58 × 10−3) and at the proximal femur ( b = 9.87 × 10−5) and femoral neck ( b = 2.29 × 10−5; where b is the regression coefficient from final equation) in boys only; residualized BMC was high only if both vigorous activity and calcium intake were high. There were no interactive effects of total activity and calcium intake. This study provides evidence for synergistic action of habitual vigorous activity and calcium intake on bone mass in children. Recommendations for optimizing bone mass should reflect this synergism.

Relationship between Bone Mass and Habitual Physical Activity and Calcium Intake in 8–11-Year-Old Boys and Girls

2002 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 358-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann V. Rowlands ◽  
Sarah M. Powell ◽  
Roger G. Eston ◽  
David K. Ingledew
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Proximal Femur ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Areal Density ◽  
Habitual Physical Activity ◽  
Food Diary

This study aimed to determine the relationship between bone mineral content, habitual physical activity, and calcium intake in children. Fifty-seven children, aged 8–11 years, wore pedometers for seven days to assess activity. Calcium intake was estimated by a 4-day food diary. Bone mineral content (BMC) and areal density (BMD) were measured at the total proximal femur and femoral neck using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Regression analysis was used to assess contributions of physical activity and calcium intake to BMC, residualized for bone area and body mass. Physical activity explained 11.6% of the variance in residualized BMC at the proximal femur and 14.3% at the femoral neck (p < 0.05). Calcium intake added to the variance explained at the proximal femur only (9.8%, p < 0.05). This study provides evidence for an association between BMC and habitual physical activity.

scholarly journals A randomized double-blind controlled calcium supplementation trial, and bone height acquisition in children

1995 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren T. K. Lee ◽  
Sophie S. F. Leung ◽  
Doram. Y. Leung ◽  
Heidi S. Y. Tsang ◽  
Joseph Lau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Baseline Serum ◽  
Lumbar Spinal ◽  
25 Hydroxycholecalciferol

There is limited information relating Ca intake to bone and height acquisition among Oriental children who consume little or even no milk. The present controlled study investigated the acquisition of bone mass and height of Chinese children with an initial Ca intake of approximately 567 mg/d who were supplemented to about 800 mg/d. Eighty-four 7-year-old Hong Kong Chinese children underwent an 18-month randomized, double-blind, controlled Ca-supplementation trial. The children were randomized to receive either 300 mg elemental Ca or a placebo tablet daily. Bone mass of the distal one-third radius was measured by single-photon absorptiometry, lumbar spine and femoral neck were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Measurements were repeated 6-monthly. Baseline serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration and physical activity were also assessed. Baseline Ca intakes of the study group and controls were respectively 571 (SD 326) and 563 (SD 337) mg/d. There were no significant differences in baseline serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration (P= 0·71) and physical activity (P= 0·36) between the study and control groups. After 18 months the study group had significantly greater increases in lumbar-spinal bone mineral content (20·9v. 16. 34%;P= 0·035), lumbar-spinal area (11·16v. 8·71%;P= 0middot;049), and a moderately greater increment in areal bone mineral density of the radius (7·74 0·600%;P= 0.081) when compared with the controls. The results confirm a positive effect of Ca on bone mass of the spine and radius but no effects on femoral-neck and height increase. A longer trial is warranted to confirm a positive Ca effect during childhood that may modify future peak bone mass.

scholarly journals Total and femoral neck bone mineral density and physical activity in a sample of men and women

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (5) ◽  
pp. 947-954 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Camhi ◽  
Peter T. Katzmarzyk
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Total Body

Physical activity (PA), total body fat (TBF), and lean body mass (LBM) are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, the independent influence of PA on BMD, while controlling for body composition is not understood as well and is the purpose of the current study. Whole-body BMD (g·cm–2), femoral neck BMD (g·cm–2), TBF (kg), and LBM (kg) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA levels (total, work, sport, non-sport) were estimated using the Baecke questionnaire. General linear models determined the independent effects of PA on BMD (whole-body and femoral neck), with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, menopausal status (as appropriate), LBM, and TBF. These associations were also examined by sex and age group (20–34, 35–49, and 50–64 years). The sample included 802 adults (65% women; 13% African American) from the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study that were 20 to 64 years of age (mean ± SD: 46.9 ± 11.0 years). Higher sports scores were associated with higher femoral neck BMD in the total group, men and women, and in 20- to 34-year-olds and 35- to 49-year-olds, but not significant in those 50–64 years of age. Similar significant associations were found for sports score with total body BMD; however, this relationship was not significant for women or for those 50–64 years of age. Total PA had inconsistent relationships with both femoral neck BMD and total body BMD. Higher levels of sport-related PA are associated with higher femoral neck BMD; however, these relationships vary by PA domain and site of BMD measurement.

scholarly journals Bone mass in Chinese premenarcheal girls: the roles of body composition, calcium intake and physical activity

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 985-993 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Zhu ◽  
Xueqin Du ◽  
Heather Greenfield ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Guansheng Ma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Food Record ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Proximal Forearm ◽  
Body Bone

The association of growth and anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle factors with bone mass and second metacarpal radiogrammetry parameters was evaluated in 373 healthy Chinese premenarcheal girls aged 9–11 years. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and bone area (BA) of distal forearm, proximal forearm and total body, bone mineral-free lean (BMFL) mass and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metacarpal bone periosteal and medullary diameters were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed by 7d food record and physical activity (PA) by questionnaire. BMFL and fat mass together explained 6·3 and 51·6% of the variation in total body BMC and BMD, respectively. BMFL mass contributed to a substantial proportion of the variation in forearm BMC and BMD and periosteal diameter (10·4–41·0%). The corresponding BA explained 14·8–80·4% of the variation in BMC. Other minor but significant predictors of total body bone mass were Ca intake, height, age and PA score (BMD only), and of forearm bone mass were PA score, bone age, height and fat mass. Nevertheless, after adjusting for bone and body size and for age or bone age, subjects with Ca intake above the median (417mg/d) had 1·8% greater total body BMC (P<0·001), and subjects with PA scores above the median had 2·4–2·5% greater distal and proximal forearm BMC (P<0·05) than those below. Vitamin D intake negatively associated with medullary diameter (partialR21·7%). The results indicate that premenarcheal girls should be encouraged to optimise nutrition and Ca intake and exercise regularly to achieve maximum peak bone mass.

scholarly journals Physical Activity in Puberty Is Associated with Total Body and Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Characteristics in Males at 18 Years of Age

Medicina ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 55 (5) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reeli Tamme ◽  
Jaak Jürimäe ◽  
Evelin Mäestu ◽  
Liina Remmel ◽  
Priit Purge ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Bone Age ◽  
Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Mineral Characteristics ◽  
Total Body

Background and objectives: Studies indicate that genetic and lifestyle factors influence optimal bone development. Adaptations in bone mineral characteristics related to physical activity (PA) are most often observed in pre- and peri-puberty. Longitudinal associations between bone mineral accrual and objectively measured PA in puberty are poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate whether pubertal PA at different intensities is related to bone mineral characteristics in individuals at 18 years of age. Materials and Methods: Anthropometrics, pubertal stage, bone age and PA by accelerometer were measured in 88 boys at the mean age of 12.1 (T1), 13.1 (T2), 14.0 (T3) and 18.0 years (T4). Different bone mineral parameters were measured by dual-energy X-ray at T4. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of bone age, body mass and PA characteristics on measured bone mineral parameters at 18 years of age. Results: Total PA in puberty together with mean pubertal body mass predicted 35.5% of total body (TB) bone mineral density (BMD), 43.0% of TB less head (LH) bone mineral content (BMC) and 48.1% of BMC/height in individuals at 18 years of age. Vigorous PA and body mass in puberty predicted 43.2% of femoral neck (FN) BMD; bone age at T1, vigorous PA and body mass in puberty predicted 47.3% of FN BMC at 18 years of age. No associations between pubertal PA levels and lumbar spine bone mineral characteristics in individuals at 18 years of age were found. Conclusions: Physical activity in puberty has a significant impact on bone mineral characteristics in individuals at 18 years of age, with total PA being a significant predictor of TB BMD and TB LH BMC as well as BMC/height, whereas vigorous PA is a significant predictor of FN BMD and FN BMC.

scholarly journals Low bone mineral density following gastric bypass is not explained by lifestyle and lack of exercise

BMC Surgery ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Stevens ◽  
Hella Hultin ◽  
Per Hellman ◽  
Magnus Sundbom
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) in particular, is associated with weight loss as well as low bone mineral density. Bone mineral density relies upon multiple factors, some of which are lifestyle factors. The aim of this study was to compare lifestyle factors in order to eliminate them as culprits of the suspected difference in BMD in RYGBP operated and controls. Materials and methods Study participants included 71 RYGBP-operated women (42.3 years, BMI 33.1 kg/m2) and 94 controls (32.4 years, BMI 23.9 kg/m2). Each completed a DEXA scan, as well as survey of lifestyle factors (e.g. physical activity in daily life, corticosteroid use, and calcium intake). All study participants were premenopausal Caucasian women living in the same area. Blood samples were taken in RYGBP-patients. Results BMD was significantly lower in RYGBP, femoral neck 0.98 vs. 1.04 g/cm2 compared to controls, despite higher BMI (present and at 20 years of age) and similar physical activity and calcium intake. In a multivariate analysis, increased time since surgery and age were negatively associated with BMD of the femoral neck and total hip in RYGBP patients. Conclusion Despite similar lifestyle, RYGBP was followed by a lower BMD compared to controls. Thus, the reduced BMD in RYGBP cannot be explained, seemingly nor prevented, by lifestyle factors. As the reduction in BMD was associated with time since surgery, strict follow-up is a lifelong necessity after bariatric surgery, and especially important in younger bariatric patients.

scholarly journals Low Bone Mineral Density Following Gastric Bypass Is Not Explained by Lifestyle and Lack of Exercise

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hella Hultin ◽  
Katharina Stevens ◽  
Magnus Sundbom ◽  
Per Hellman
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Calcium Intake ◽  
Lifestyle Factors ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Study Participants

Abstract Background: Bariatric surgery, Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGBP) in particular, is associated with weight loss as well as low bone mineral density. Bone mineral density relies upon multiple factors, some of which are lifestyle factors. The aim of this study was to compare lifestyle factors in order to eliminate them as culprits of the suspected difference in BMD in RYGBP operated and controls. Materials and Methods: Study participants included 71 RYGBP-operated women (42.3 yrs, BMI 33.1) and 94 controls (32.4 years, BMI 23.9). Each completed a DEXA scan, as well as survey of lifestyle factors (e.g. physical activity in daily life, corticosteroid use, and calcium intake). All study participants were premenopausal Caucasian women living in the same area. Blood samples were taken in RYGBP-patients.Results: BMD was significantly lower in RYGBP, femoral neck 0.98 vs. 1.04 g/cm2 compared to controls, despite higher BMI (present and at 20 years of age) and similar physical activity and calcium intake. In a multivariate analysis, increased time since surgery and age were negatively associated with BMD of the femoral neck and total hip in RYGBP patients. Conclusion: Despite similar lifestyle, RYGBP was followed by a lower BMD compared to controls. Thus, the reduced BMD in RYGBP cannot be explained, seemingly nor prevented, by lifestyle factors. As the reduction in BMD was associated with time since surgery, strict follow-up is a lifelong necessity after bariatric surgery, and especially important in younger bariatric patients.

scholarly journals Bone Mineral Recovery after Parathyroidectomy in Patients with Primary and Renal Hyperparathyroidism

1998 ◽  
Vol 83 (11) ◽  
pp. 3845-3851 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Abdelhadi ◽  
Jörgen Nordenström
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Renal Transplant ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Femoral Neck ◽  
Bone Mass ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Total Body

Patients with hyperparathyroidism (HPT) generally display reduced bone mass due to excessive PTH activity. The effect of parathyroidectomy on bone mass changes in different types of HPT, however, is not well understood. Bone mineral density (BMD) was measured in the distal radius, total body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry in four groups of patients with different hyperparathyroid conditions: primary symptomatic HPT (n = 54), primary asymptomatic (mild) HPT (n = 24), HPT associated with hemodialysis (n = 20), and HPT associated with renal transplant (n = 30). Subsets of patients with primary symptomatic HPT (n= 52), HPT associated with hemodialysis (n = 19), and HPT associated with renal transplant (n = 15) underwent parathyroidectomy, and bone density was measured longitudinally for 3 yr. Patients with primary asymptomatic (mild) HPT did not undergo surgery and were followed prospectively. Before surgery, all groups showed a greater reduction of bone mineral density in cortical bone (distal radius) than in predominantly trabecular bone (lumbar spine). In primary symptomatic HPT, the BMD z-score of the distal radius was −1.80 ± 0.21 (±sem), and the corresponding figures for the total body, femoral neck, and lumbar spine were −0.60 ± 0.15, −0.54 ± 0.14, and −0.53 ± 0.18 compared with those of an age- and sex-matched reference group. In renal HPT BMD z-scores were −2.51± 0.38 (hemodialysis patients) and −2.83 ± 0.43 (renal transplant patients) for the distal radius and between −0.81 and− 1.46 for the other measured sites. After parathyroidectomy, BMD increased by 1–8% at all sites in patients with primary symptomatic HPT and HPT associated with renal transplant. The largest increase in bone mass was observed in patients with HPT associated with hemodialysis, in whom the improvement amounted to 7–23%. In patients with primary HPT and HPT associated with hemodialysis, this increase in bone density resulted in virtual recovery from their preoperative bone loss. The majority of patients with asymptomatic primary HPT disease (n = 21) maintained their bone density during the follow-up period and have not shown evidence of increases in serum calcium or PTH levels, but three patients followed conservatively underwent parathyroidectomy due to progressive deterioration of BMD. We conclude that, regardless of the etiology, a large proportion of HPT patients show reduced bone density. In patients with primary symptomatic HPT and patients with HPT associated with hemodialysis, bone density increases after parathyroidectomy to an extent that largely restores the preoperative bone loss. However, no anabolic effect of parathyroidectomy on bone mass was observed in patients with HPT associated with renal transplant, probably because of their immunosuppressive therapy.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document