A randomized double-blind controlled calcium supplementation trial, and bone height acquisition in children

There is limited information relating Ca intake to bone and height acquisition among Oriental children who consume little or even no milk. The present controlled study investigated the acquisition of bone mass and height of Chinese children with an initial Ca intake of approximately 567 mg/d who were supplemented to about 800 mg/d. Eighty-four 7-year-old Hong Kong Chinese children underwent an 18-month randomized, double-blind, controlled Ca-supplementation trial. The children were randomized to receive either 300 mg elemental Ca or a placebo tablet daily. Bone mass of the distal one-third radius was measured by single-photon absorptiometry, lumbar spine and femoral neck were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Measurements were repeated 6-monthly. Baseline serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration and physical activity were also assessed. Baseline Ca intakes of the study group and controls were respectively 571 (SD 326) and 563 (SD 337) mg/d. There were no significant differences in baseline serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol concentration (P= 0·71) and physical activity (P= 0·36) between the study and control groups. After 18 months the study group had significantly greater increases in lumbar-spinal bone mineral content (20·9v. 16. 34%;P= 0·035), lumbar-spinal area (11·16v. 8·71%;P= 0middot;049), and a moderately greater increment in areal bone mineral density of the radius (7·74 0·600%;P= 0.081) when compared with the controls. The results confirm a positive effect of Ca on bone mass of the spine and radius but no effects on femoral-neck and height increase. A longer trial is warranted to confirm a positive Ca effect during childhood that may modify future peak bone mass.

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Interactive effects of habitual physical activity and calcium intake on bone density in boys and girls

Journal of Applied Physiology ◽

10.1152/japplphysiol.00182.2004 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 97 (4) ◽

pp. 1203-1208 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Ann V. Rowlands ◽

David K. Ingledew ◽

Sarah M. Powell ◽

Roger G. Eston

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Proximal Femur ◽

Calcium Intake ◽

Habitual Physical Activity ◽

Interactive Effects ◽

Vigorous Activity ◽

Total Body

The purpose of this study was to assess the interactive effects of habitual physical activity (total and vigorous intensity) and calcium intake on bone mineral content (BMC) in prepubertal boys and girls. Seventy-six children, aged 8–11 yr, wore accelerometers for up to 7 days to assess activity. Calcium intake was estimated by a 4-day weighted food diary. BMC and areal density (bone mineral density) were measured at the total body, proximal femur, and femoral neck by using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Moderated regression analyses were used to assess the contributions of physical activity (total and vigorous) and calcium intake to BMC, residualized for bone area and body mass. Interactive effects of vigorous activity (≥6 metabolic equivalents) and calcium intake were found at the total body in boys ( b = 2.90 × 10−3) and in girls ( b = 6.58 × 10−3) and at the proximal femur ( b = 9.87 × 10−5) and femoral neck ( b = 2.29 × 10−5; where b is the regression coefficient from final equation) in boys only; residualized BMC was high only if both vigorous activity and calcium intake were high. There were no interactive effects of total activity and calcium intake. This study provides evidence for synergistic action of habitual vigorous activity and calcium intake on bone mass in children. Recommendations for optimizing bone mass should reflect this synergism.

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Effects of Zumba® and Aquagym on Bone Mass in Inactive Middle-Aged Women

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55010023 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (1) ◽

pp. 23

Author(s):

Esther Ubago-Guisado ◽

Javier Sánchez−Sánchez ◽

Sara Vila−Maldonado ◽

Leonor Gallardo

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Intervention Program ◽

High Impact ◽

Areal Bone Mineral Density ◽

Control Group ◽

Middle Aged ◽

Mineral Density

Background and objectives: Regular exercise may stimulate bone formation and reduce the loss of bone mass in premenopausal women. This study aims to evaluate the effect of high-impact physical activity (Zumba®) and low-impact physical activity (Aquagym) on bone mass in inactive middle-aged women. Materials and methods: Fifty-five healthy inactive women (30–50 years old) were recruited in Spain in 2016 and were randomly allocated into one of three groups: High impact group (HIG: n = 15), low impact group (LIG: n = 12) and control group (CG: n = 28). HIG and LIG were recruited from Madrid and the CG from Toledo. HIG and LIG completed a 12-week intervention program with three 40′ sessions per week of Zumba® or Aquagym; respectively. Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured bone mineral content (BMC) and areal bone mineral density (aBMD) at total body less head (TBLH), lumbar spine and right hip. Results: Post-intervention adjusted data showed no significant differences in BMC between any of the groups nor in aBMD between HIG and LIG. Interestingly; significant differences for the HIG vs. CG were found in the change in total hip aBMD (1.76% vs. −0.44%), femoral neck aBMD (1.80% vs. −2.71%), and intertrochanter aBMD (2.03% vs. −0.50%). Moreover, significant differences for the LIG vs. CG were also found in the change in femoral neck aBMD (−0.54% vs. −2.71%). Conclusions: The regular practice of Zumba® and Aquagym might reduce the progressive deterioration of bone mass in inactive middle-aged women

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Physical activity and bone mineral density at the femoral neck subregions in adolescents with Down syndrome

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology and Metabolism ◽

10.1515/jpem-2017-0024 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 30 (10) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ángel Matute-Llorente ◽

Alejandro González-Agüero ◽

Germán Vicente-Rodríguez ◽

Luís B. Sardinha ◽

Fátima Baptista ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Down Syndrome ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Neck Region ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Reduced Physical Activity ◽

Males And Females

AbstractBackground:Low bone mineral density (BMD) has been frequently described in subjects with Down syndrome (DS). Reduced physical activity (PA) levels may contribute to low BMD in this population. The objective of the study was to investigate whether PA levels were related to the femoral neck bone mass distribution in a sample of 14 males and 12 females with DS aged 12–18 years.Methods:BMD was evaluated by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) at the integral, superolateral and inferomedial femoral neck regions and PA levels were assessed by accelerometry. The BMDs between the sexes and PA groups (below and above the 50th percentile of the total PA) were compared using independent t-tests and analyses of covariance (ANCOVAs) controlling for age, height and body weight.Results:No differences were found between the BMDs of males and females in any femoral neck region (p>0.05). Females with higher PA levels demonstrated increased integral (0.774 g/cmConclusions:This investigation shows that females accumulating more total PA presented increased BMDs at the integral and superolateral femoral neck regions (14.1% and 17.0%, respectively) when compared to their less active peers. These data highlight the importance of PA in females with DS to counteract their low bone mass and to improve their bone health.

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Calcium supplementation and bone mineral accretion in Chinese adolescents aged 12–14 years: a 12-month, dose–response, randomised intervention trial

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s0007114514002384 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 112 (9) ◽

pp. 1510-1520 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Xiao-ming Ma ◽

Zhen-wu Huang ◽

Xiao-guang Yang ◽

Yi-xiang Su

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Tanner Stage ◽

Chinese Adolescents ◽

Whole Body ◽

Activity Levels ◽

Intervention Trial ◽

Physical Activity Levels

A 12-month, dose–response, randomised, intervention trial was conducted to determine adequate Ca intake levels for Chinese adolescents by investigating the effect of Ca supplementation on bone mineral accretion. A total of 220 Han adolescents (111 girls and 109 boys) aged 12–14 years were recruited. All subjects were randomly divided into three groups. The bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of the whole body, lumbar spine (L1–L4), left hip and femoral neck were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Girls in the high-Ca group (actual Ca intake: 1243 (sd 193) mg/d) exhibited greater increases in the femoral neck BMC compared with those in the low-Ca group (9·7 v. 6·4 %, P =0·04) over the 1-year intervention period. The increases in femoral neck BMC were greater in boys in the high-Ca and medium-Ca groups (actual Ca intake: 985 (sd 168) mg/d) than in those in the low-Ca group (15·7 v. 11·7 %, P =0·03; 15·8 v. 11·7 %, P =0·03). Ca supplementation had significant effects on the whole-body BMC and BMD in subjects with physical activity levels>34·86 metabolic equivalents and on the spine BMD and BMC and BMD of most sites in subjects with Tanner stage < 3. Increasing Ca intake levels with Ca supplementation enhanced femoral neck mineral acquisition in Chinese adolescents. Furthermore, high physical activity levels and low Tanner stage appeared to significantly contribute to the effect of Ca supplementation on bone mass. Whether this is a lasting beneficial effect leading to the optimisation of peak bone mass needs to be determined in other long-term prospective studies.

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IL-8 correlates with reduced baseline femoral neck bone mineral density in adults with cystic fibrosis: a single center retrospective study

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-94883-1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Grace Y. Lam ◽

Sameer Desai ◽

Joey Fu ◽

Xun Yang Hu ◽

Jiah Jang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Cystic Fibrosis ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Forced Expiratory Volume ◽

Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Baseline Serum ◽

Average Percentage ◽

System Disease

AbstractCystic fibrosis (CF) is a multi-system disease that is characterized by lung disease due to recurrent airway infection and inflammation. Endocrine complications, such as CF bone disease (CFBD), are increasingly identified as patients are living longer. The cause of CFBD is multifactorial with chronic systemic inflammation theorized to be a contributing factor. Thus, we attempted to identify inflammatory biomarkers that are associated with CFBD. We conducted a retrospective observational study of 56 adult patients with CF with an average percentage predictive forced expiratory volume in one second (ppFEV1) of 73.7% (standard deviation: 30.0) who underwent baseline serum analysis for osteoprotegerin (OPG) and pro-inflammatory biomarkers (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α), and had repeated dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans separated by at least 2 years to examine correlations between serum biomarkers and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements. Univariate linear regression model analysis demonstrated that serum IL-1β and IL-8, but not other pro-inflammatory markers, were negatively correlated with baseline BMD results. However, after accounting for confounding variables, only the relationship between IL-8 and left femoral neck BMD remained statistically significant. Additionally, IL-8 level was associated with BMD decline over time. These results suggest that IL-8 might play a unique role in the pathophysiology of CFBD relative to other pro-inflammatory cytokines but further study is warranted before firm conclusions can be made.

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O13 Pregnancy vitamin D supplementation leads to greater offspring bone mineral density at 4 years: the MAVIDOS randomised placebo controlled trial

Rheumatology ◽

10.1093/rheumatology/keaa110.012 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 59 (Supplement_2) ◽

Author(s):

Elizabeth M Curtis ◽

Rebecca J Moon ◽

Stefania D'Angelo ◽

Sarah R Crozier ◽

Nicholas J Bishop ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Vitamin D ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Vitamin D Supplementation ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Double Blind ◽

Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Observational studies have demonstrated associations between maternal gestational vitamin D status and offspring bone health. We have recently shown, in a randomised controlled trial, that pregnancy vitamin D supplementation leads to improved offspring bone mass at birth amongst winter deliveries (when background 25(OH)-vitamin D levels are lowest). In the present analysis, we aimed to evaluate whether the beneficial effect of pregnancy vitamin D supplementation on neonatal bone mass is sustained into early childhood, with bone indices assessed at age 4 years in a subset of participants of the MAVIDOS trial. Methods Pregnant women were randomised in Southampton, Oxford and Sheffield, in a double-blind design, to 1000 IU/day cholecalciferol or matched placebo from 14 weeks’ gestation to birth. At 4 years of age (Southampton participants only, n = 723 births), offspring assessments included anthropometry, whole-body dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) [Hologic Horizon, yielding whole body less head (WBLH) bone mineral content (BMC), bone mineral density (BMD), bone area (BA) and lean mass (LM)], and a maternal questionnaire. Linear regression was used to estimate the mean difference (represented by β) in outcomes between the two randomisation arms, adjusted for sex and age at DXA. Further models were additionally adjusted for gestational age, maternal BMI, and child’s sedentary time. All outcomes were standardised to a standard deviation scale, for ease of comparison. Full ethics and MHRA approvals were granted. Results 564 children attended the 4-year visit; 452 had a useable DXA with minimal movement artefact. Maternal pregnancy vitamin D supplementation led to greater offspring indices of bone mass compared with placebo, irrespective of season. For example, WBLH BMD at age 4 years was greater in the offspring of supplemented mothers [β = 0.18 SD (95%CI: 0.00, 0.35), p = 0.047]; there was also evidence of greater LM in the intervention group [β = 0.15 SD (95%CI: -0.02, 0.31), p = 0.081]. In fully adjusted models associations were consistent for lumbar spine indices and for BA and BMC. In keeping with the offspring findings, maternal vitamin D supplementation led to significantly higher maternal plasma 25(OH)D concentrations in late pregnancy (34 weeks’ gestation): placebo group (median(IQR)): 42.4 nmol/l (23.3, 56.4); vitamin D group: 67.4 nmol/l (56.2, 80.3); p < 0.001. Conclusion This is the first ever demonstration in a large placebo-controlled, double-blind randomised controlled trial that maternal pregnancy vitamin D supplementation leads to improved bone and lean mass in children. Our findings suggest that maternal cholecalciferol supplementation may have lasting benefits for offspring musculoskeletal health and thus represent an important public health message. This work was supported by grants from Versus Arthritis 17702, Medical Research Council (MRC #405050259; #U105960371), Bupa Foundation, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University of Southampton, and NIHR Oxford BRC, University of Oxford. EC was supported by the Wellcome Trust (#201268/Z/16/Z). Disclosures E.M. Curtis None. R.J. Moon None. S. D'Angelo None. S.R. Crozier None. N.J. Bishop None. S. Gopal- Kothandapani None. S. Kennedy None. A.T. Papageorghiou None. R. Fraser None. S.V. Gandhi None. I. Schoenmakers None. A. Prentice None. H.M. Inskip None. K.M. Godfrey None. K. Javaid None. R. Eastell None. C. Cooper None. N.C. Harvey None.

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Total and femoral neck bone mineral density and physical activity in a sample of men and women

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/h2012-075 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 37 (5) ◽

pp. 947-954 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sarah M. Camhi ◽

Peter T. Katzmarzyk

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Linear Models ◽

Menopausal Status ◽

Whole Body ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Men And Women ◽

Total Body

Physical activity (PA), total body fat (TBF), and lean body mass (LBM) are associated with bone mineral density (BMD). However, the independent influence of PA on BMD, while controlling for body composition is not understood as well and is the purpose of the current study. Whole-body BMD (g·cm–2), femoral neck BMD (g·cm–2), TBF (kg), and LBM (kg) were measured with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. PA levels (total, work, sport, non-sport) were estimated using the Baecke questionnaire. General linear models determined the independent effects of PA on BMD (whole-body and femoral neck), with adjustment for age, sex, ethnicity, smoking, menopausal status (as appropriate), LBM, and TBF. These associations were also examined by sex and age group (20–34, 35–49, and 50–64 years). The sample included 802 adults (65% women; 13% African American) from the Pennington Center Longitudinal Study that were 20 to 64 years of age (mean ± SD: 46.9 ± 11.0 years). Higher sports scores were associated with higher femoral neck BMD in the total group, men and women, and in 20- to 34-year-olds and 35- to 49-year-olds, but not significant in those 50–64 years of age. Similar significant associations were found for sports score with total body BMD; however, this relationship was not significant for women or for those 50–64 years of age. Total PA had inconsistent relationships with both femoral neck BMD and total body BMD. Higher levels of sport-related PA are associated with higher femoral neck BMD; however, these relationships vary by PA domain and site of BMD measurement.

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Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Therapy Increased Spine and Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Density of Patients with Active Ankylosing Spondylitis with Low Bone Mineral Density

The Journal of Rheumatology ◽

10.3899/jrheum.150019 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 42 (8) ◽

pp. 1413-1417 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Haibo Li ◽

Qiuxia Li ◽

Xi Chen ◽

Chen Ji ◽

Jieruo Gu

Keyword(s):

Bone Mineral Density ◽

Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Tumor Necrosis ◽

Control Group ◽

Study Group ◽

Type I ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Necrosis Factor

Objective.To evaluate the effect of anti-tumor necrosis factor (TNF) therapy on bone mineral density (BMD) in patients with active ankylosing spondylitis (AS) with low BMD.Methods.Eighty-nine patients with active AS with low BMD were randomly divided into either a study group or a control group. The study group received etanercept (50 mg/week) or adalimumab (40 mg/2 week) subcutaneously for 1 year. BMD of lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, and bone turnover markers serum C telopeptide of type-I collagen (sCTX) and serum procollagen type-I N propeptide (PINP) were detected by ELISA at baseline and at end of study.Results.After 1 year, compared with baseline, there was a significant increase in spine and femoral neck BMD by a mean ± SD of 14.9% ± 15.6% (p < 0.0001) and 4.7% ± 7.9% (p < 0.0001) in the study group. In the control group, there was a significant decrease in spine and femoral neck BMD by a mean ± SD of −8.6% ± 9.7% (p < 0.0001) and −9.8% ± 11.5% (p < 0.0001). Compared with baseline, sCTX was significantly decreased in the study group (−40% at 1 yr, p < 0.0001), but bone-specific alkaline phosphatase and PINP increased (45.6%, p < 0.0001 and 30.8%, p < 0.0001, respectively).Conclusion.In patients with active AS with low BMD, the spine and femoral neck BMD increased after anti-TNF therapy for 1 year, and it was accompanied by a significant decrease in bone resorption markers and an increase in bone formation markers.

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Bone mass in Chinese premenarcheal girls: the roles of body composition, calcium intake and physical activity

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn20041278 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 92 (6) ◽

pp. 985-993 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Kun Zhu ◽

Xueqin Du ◽

Heather Greenfield ◽

Qian Zhang ◽

Guansheng Ma ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Bone Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Bone Age ◽

Dietary Intakes ◽

Food Record ◽

Total Body ◽

Proximal Forearm ◽

Body Bone

The association of growth and anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle factors with bone mass and second metacarpal radiogrammetry parameters was evaluated in 373 healthy Chinese premenarcheal girls aged 9–11 years. Bone mineral content (BMC) and density (BMD) and bone area (BA) of distal forearm, proximal forearm and total body, bone mineral-free lean (BMFL) mass and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Metacarpal bone periosteal and medullary diameters were measured. Dietary intakes were assessed by 7d food record and physical activity (PA) by questionnaire. BMFL and fat mass together explained 6·3 and 51·6% of the variation in total body BMC and BMD, respectively. BMFL mass contributed to a substantial proportion of the variation in forearm BMC and BMD and periosteal diameter (10·4–41·0%). The corresponding BA explained 14·8–80·4% of the variation in BMC. Other minor but significant predictors of total body bone mass were Ca intake, height, age and PA score (BMD only), and of forearm bone mass were PA score, bone age, height and fat mass. Nevertheless, after adjusting for bone and body size and for age or bone age, subjects with Ca intake above the median (417mg/d) had 1·8% greater total body BMC (P<0·001), and subjects with PA scores above the median had 2·4–2·5% greater distal and proximal forearm BMC (P<0·05) than those below. Vitamin D intake negatively associated with medullary diameter (partialR21·7%). The results indicate that premenarcheal girls should be encouraged to optimise nutrition and Ca intake and exercise regularly to achieve maximum peak bone mass.

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Physical Activity in Puberty Is Associated with Total Body and Femoral Neck Bone Mineral Characteristics in Males at 18 Years of Age

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina55050203 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 55 (5) ◽

pp. 203 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Reeli Tamme ◽

Jaak Jürimäe ◽

Evelin Mäestu ◽

Liina Remmel ◽

Priit Purge ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Activity ◽

Femoral Neck ◽

Body Mass ◽

Bone Mineral ◽

Bone Age ◽

Stepwise Multiple Regression ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Pubertal Stage ◽

Mineral Characteristics ◽

Total Body

Background and objectives: Studies indicate that genetic and lifestyle factors influence optimal bone development. Adaptations in bone mineral characteristics related to physical activity (PA) are most often observed in pre- and peri-puberty. Longitudinal associations between bone mineral accrual and objectively measured PA in puberty are poorly understood. The present study aims to investigate whether pubertal PA at different intensities is related to bone mineral characteristics in individuals at 18 years of age. Materials and Methods: Anthropometrics, pubertal stage, bone age and PA by accelerometer were measured in 88 boys at the mean age of 12.1 (T1), 13.1 (T2), 14.0 (T3) and 18.0 years (T4). Different bone mineral parameters were measured by dual-energy X-ray at T4. Stepwise multiple regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of bone age, body mass and PA characteristics on measured bone mineral parameters at 18 years of age. Results: Total PA in puberty together with mean pubertal body mass predicted 35.5% of total body (TB) bone mineral density (BMD), 43.0% of TB less head (LH) bone mineral content (BMC) and 48.1% of BMC/height in individuals at 18 years of age. Vigorous PA and body mass in puberty predicted 43.2% of femoral neck (FN) BMD; bone age at T1, vigorous PA and body mass in puberty predicted 47.3% of FN BMC at 18 years of age. No associations between pubertal PA levels and lumbar spine bone mineral characteristics in individuals at 18 years of age were found. Conclusions: Physical activity in puberty has a significant impact on bone mineral characteristics in individuals at 18 years of age, with total PA being a significant predictor of TB BMD and TB LH BMC as well as BMC/height, whereas vigorous PA is a significant predictor of FN BMD and FN BMC.

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