Heart rate recovery after maximal exercise is blunted in hypertensive seniors

Abnormal heart rate recovery (HRR) after maximal exercise may indicate autonomic dysfunction and is a predictor for cardiovascular mortality. HRR is attenuated with aging and in middle-age hypertensive patients, but it is unknown whether HRR is attenuated in older-age adults with hypertension. This study compared HRR among 16 unmedicated stage 1 hypertensive (HTN) participants [nine men/seven women; 68 ± 5 (SD) yr; awake ambulatory blood pressure (BP) 149 ± 10/87 ± 7 mmHg] and 16 normotensive [control (CON)] participants (nine men/seven women; 67 ± 5 yr; 122 ± 4/72 ± 5 mmHg). HR, BP, oxygen uptake (V̇o2), cardiac output (Qc), and stroke volume (SV) were measured at rest, at two steady-state work rates, and graded exercise to peak during maximal treadmill exercise. During 6 min of seated recovery, the change in HR (ΔHR) was obtained every minute and BP every 2 min. In addition, HRR and R-R interval (RRI) recovery kinetics were analyzed using a monoexponential function, and the indexes (HRRI and RRII) were calculated. Maximum V̇o2, HR, Qc, and SV responses during exercise were not different between groups. ΔHR was significantly different ( P < 0.001) between the HTN group (26 ± 8) and the CON group (36 ± 12 beats/min) after 1 min of recovery but less convincing at 2 min ( P = 0.055). BP recovery was similar between groups. HRRI was significantly lower ( P = 0.016), and there was a trend of lower RRII ( P = 0.066) in the HTN group compared with the CON group. These results show that in older-age adults, HRR is attenuated further with the presence of hypertension, which may be attributable to an impairment of autonomic function.

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Heart Rate Response and Variability Following Maximal Exercise in Overweight Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.2016-0132 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 29 (3) ◽

pp. 341-349 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Justin P. Guilkey ◽

Brandon Dykstra ◽

Jennifer Erichsen ◽

Anthony D. Mahon

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Heart Rate Recovery ◽

Overweight Children ◽

Type Method ◽

Frequency Domains ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Lean Children ◽

Frequency Power ◽

Age And Sex

Purpose:This study examined heart rate recovery (HRR) and heart rate variability (HRV) following maximal exercise in lean (<85th percentile age- and sex-BMI percentile; n = 11 (♂=5; ♀=6); 10.1 ± 0.7 years) and overweight (≥85th age- and sex-BMI percentile; n = 11 (♂=5; ♀=6); 10.5 ± 1.2 years) children.Method:Participants completed a 10-min rest, followed by a graded exercise test to maximal effort. HRV, in the time and frequency domains, was assessed during rest and recovery. Also during recovery, one-minute HRR and the time constant of a monoexponential line of best fit (HRRt) were determined.Results:There were no significant differences in one-minute HRR and HRRt between the lean (56 ± 7 beats∙min-1 and 160.4 ± 80.1 s, respectively) and overweight (51 ± 16 beats∙min-1 and 141.1 ± 58.1 s, respectively) groups. There also were no significant interactions between groups from rest to recovery for any HRV variables. Root mean square of successive differences (RMSSD) and high frequency power (HF) during recovery was 2.05 ± 0.49 ms and 3.30 ± 1.02 ms2 in the lean children, respectively. In the overweight children, RMSSD and HF were 1.88 ± 0.65 ms and 2.94 ± 1.27 ms2, respectively.Conclusion:HRR and HRV findings suggest there are no differences in autonomic function during recovery from maximal exercise in lean and obese 8- to 12-year old children.

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An examination of single day vs. multi-day heart rate variability and its relationship to heart rate recovery following maximal aerobic exercise in females

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-020-71747-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Emily Bechke ◽

Brian Kliszczewicz ◽

Cherilyn McLester ◽

Mark Tillman ◽

Michael Esco ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Heart Rate Recovery ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Active Cool

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of a single day measure of heart rate variability (HRV), and the averaged baseline measures of HRV to heart rate recovery (HRR) following maximal exercise. Thirty females (22.9 ± 3.2 years, 64.8 ± 8.4 kg) completed four visits (V1–V4), where a 10-min HRV was recorded. Upon completing the V4 recording, a treadmill graded exercise test (GXT) was performed, followed by a 5-min active cool down. HRV was assessed through time domain measures [natural log of root mean square of successive R–R differences (lnRMSSD) and standard deviation of normal to normal intervals (lnSDNN)] and natural log frequency domain measures [low frequency (lnLF) and high frequency (lnHF)]. Variables collected over V1–V4 were measured as; day of (DO) GXT, 3 day (AV3), and 4 day average (AV4). HRR was calculated as the maximal HR achieved minus the HR at: 30-s (HRR30), 1-min (HRR1), 2-min (HRR2), 3-min (HRR3), 4-min (HRR4) or 5-min (HRR5) of recovery. Pearson’s Product correlations revealed significant correlations (P = < 0.05) between all HRVDO measures to each HRR measure and are presented in ranges: lnSDNN (r = 0.442–0.522), lnRMSSD (r = 0.458–0.514), lnLF (r = 0.368–0.469), lnHF (r = 0.422–0.493). For HRVAV3, lnRMSSDAV3 and HRR1 were positively correlated (r = 0.390, P = 0.033). Last, HRVAV4 showed positive relationships (P = < 0.05) between lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR30 (r = 0.365, P = 0.048); and for HRR1 and lnSDNNAV4 (r = 0.400, P = 0.029), lnRMSSDAV4 (r = 0.442, P = 0.014), and lnHFAV4 (r = 0.368, P = 0.045); and lnRMSSDAV4 and HRR3 (r = 0.381, P = 0.038). Within the current study HRVDO displayed the strongest correlations to HRR therefore, averaged resting HRV measures do not strengthen the prediction of cardiovascular recovery following a GXT in this population.

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Heart Rate Recovery in Healthy-Weight and Obese Children Following a Maximal Graded Exercise Test

Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise ◽

10.1249/01.mss.0000493387.64576.76 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 46 ◽

pp. 72

Author(s):

Elizabeth A. Easley ◽

W. Scott Black ◽

Alison L. Bailey ◽

Terry Lennie ◽

Kelly D. Bradley ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Heart Rate Recovery ◽

Healthy Weight ◽

Obese Children ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise

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Impact of Menstrual Cycle on Cardiac Autonomic Function Assessed by Heart Rate Variability and Heart Rate Recovery

Medical Principles and Practice ◽

10.1159/000444322 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 25 (4) ◽

pp. 374-377 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Şadan Yazar ◽

Mehmet Yazıcı

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Heart Rate Variability ◽

Menstrual Cycle ◽

Autonomic Function ◽

Heart Rate Recovery ◽

Cardiac Autonomic Function

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Autonomic cardiovascular response during and after a graded exercise test in concussed athletes and healthy controls

Journal of Concussion ◽

10.1177/20597002211044879 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 ◽

pp. 205970022110448

Author(s):

Alessandra Ventura ◽

Fausto Romano ◽

Mario Bizzini ◽

Antonella Palla ◽

Nina Feddermann

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Cardiovascular System ◽

Exercise Test ◽

Cardiovascular Response ◽

Heart Rate Recovery ◽

Exercise Intolerance ◽

Maximal Heart Rate ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Graded Exercise Test ◽

Graded Exercise

Objective Dysfunction of the autonomic cardiovascular system after a concussion is known to cause exercise intolerance due to symptoms exacerbation. The aim of this study was to compare athletes with symptoms of a sport-related concussion and healthy controls with regard to their heart rate during a graded exercise test and their heart rate recovery during the 5 min cool-down after the graded exercise test. Methods Sport-related concussion patients ( N = 61; 31% female) and controls ( N = 16; 50% female) participated in a graded exercise test on a cycle ergometer followed by 5 min active cool-down. Based on the results of graded exercise tests they were divided into four groups: (1) patients who reached the symptom threshold and had to stop the graded exercise test (symptom threshold; N = 39; 33.3% female), (2) patients with symptoms who finished the graded exercise test (S; N = 16; 25% female), (3) patients without symptoms (NS; N = 6; 33.3% female), (4) controls ( N = 16; 50% female). Main outcome measures Heart rate, severity of headache and dizziness during graded exercise test, heart rate recovery (median (heart rate recoveries/maximal heart rate) ± median absolute deviation (MAD)) 30, 60 and 300 s after the start of cool-down. Results Heart rate recovery at 30 s was significantly slower in symptom (0.95 ± 0.01) compared to all other groups ( p < 0.002; symptom threshold: 0.92 ± 0.02, NS: 0.91 ± 0.02, controls: 0.93 ± 0.02). Heart rate recovery at 60 s was significantly slower in symptom (0.90 ± 0.02) compared to the symptom threshold and controls ( p < 0.041; 0.86 ± 0.03, 0.85 ± 0.04). Heart rate recovery at 300 s was significantly slower in symptom threshold (0.72 ± 0.05) compared to controls ( p = 0.003; 0.66 ± 0.02). Conclusions Heart rate measurements in athletes with symptoms of sport-related concussion should be continued during cool-down after the graded exercise test, as dysfunction of the autonomic cardiovascular system might manifest also during cool-down.

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Prognostic Value of Late Heart Rate Recovery After Treadmill Exercise

The American Journal of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/j.amjcard.2012.02.046 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 110 (1) ◽

pp. 45-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Nils P. Johnson ◽

Jeffrey J. Goldberger

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Treadmill Exercise ◽

Heart Rate Recovery

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Plateau in Oxygen Uptake at Maximal Exercise in Male Children

Pediatric Exercise Science ◽

10.1123/pes.8.1.77 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 77-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Glen E. Duncan ◽

Anthony D. Mahon ◽

Cheryl A. Howe ◽

Pedro Del Corral

Keyword(s):

Heart Rate ◽

Oxygen Uptake ◽

Respiratory Exchange Ratio ◽

Maximal Exercise ◽

Treadmill Exercise ◽

Pulmonary Ventilation ◽

Anaerobic Capacity ◽

Test Duration ◽

Run Time ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

This study examined the influence of test duration and anaerobic capacity on VO2max and the occurrence of a VO2 plateau during treadmill exercise in 25 boys (10.4 ± 0.8 years). Protocols with 1-min (P1) and 2-min (P2) stages, but identical speed and grade changes, were used to manipulate test duration. On separate days, VO2max was measured on P1 and P2, and 200-m run time was assessed. At maximal exercise, VO2, heart rate (HR), and pulmonary ventilation (VE) were similar between protocols, however, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and treadmill elevation were higher (p < .05) on P1 than on P2. Plateau achievement was not significantly different. On P1, there were no differences between plateau achievers and nonachievers. On P2, test duration and 200-m run time were superior (p < .05), and relative VO2max tended to be higher (p < .10) in plateau achievers. Indices of aerobic and anaerobic capacity may influence plateau achievement on long, but not short duration tests.

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