Effects of body position on the ventilatory response following an impulse exercise in humans

2002 ◽  
Vol 92 (4) ◽  
pp. 1423-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philippe Haouzi ◽  
Bruno Chenuel ◽  
Bernard Chalon
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of this study was to identify some of the mechanisms that could be involved in blunted ventilatory response (V˙e) to exercise in the supine (S) position. The contribution of the recruitment of different muscle groups, the activity of the cardiac mechanoreceptors, the level of arterial baroreceptor stimulation, and the hemodynamic effects of gravity on the exercising muscles was analyzed during upright (U) and S exercise. Delayed rise in V˙e and pulmonary gas exchange following an impulselike change in work rate (supramaximal leg cycling at 240 W for 12 s) was measured in seven healthy subjects and six heart transplant patients both in U and S positions. This approach allows study of the relationship between the rise inV˙e and O2 uptake (V˙o 2) without the confounding effects of contractions of different muscle groups. These responses were compared with those triggered by an impulselike change in work rate produced by the arms, which were positioned at the same level as the heart in S and U positions to separate effects of gravity on postexercising muscles from those on the rest of the body. Despite superimposableV˙o 2 and CO2 output responses, the delayed V˙e response after leg exercise was significantly lower in the S posture than in the U position for each control subject and cardiac-transplant patient (−2.58 ± 0.44 l and −3.52 ± 1.11 l/min, respectively). In contrast, when impulse exercise was performed with the arms, reduction of ventilatory response in the S posture reached, at best, one-third of the deficit after leg exercise and was always associated with a reduction inV˙o 2 of a similar magnitude. We concluded that reduction in V˙e response to exercise in the S position is independent of the types (groups) of muscles recruited and is not critically dependent on afferent signals originating from the heart but seems to rely on some of the effects of gravity on postexercising muscles.

Is hypercapnia necessary for the ventilatory response to exercise in man?

1987 ◽  
Vol 73 (6) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Murphy ◽  
R. P. Stidwill ◽  
Brenda A. Cross ◽  
Kathryn D. Leaver ◽  
E. Anastassiades ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Co2 Production ◽  
Moderate Exercise ◽  
Arterial Ph ◽  
Arteriovenous Shunts ◽  
Exercise Period ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
End Tidal ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
End Tidal Co2

1. Continuous recordings of arterial pH, ventilation, airway CO2 and heart rate were made during rest and during 3–4 min periods of rhythmic leg exercise in four renal patients with arteriovenous shunts. 2. The patients were anaemic (haemoglobin 6.5–9.0 g/dl) but had a normal ventilatory response to exercise as judged by the ratio of the change in ventilation to the change in CO2 production. 3. Breath-by-breath oscillations in arterial pH disappeared for the majority of the exercise period in each patient. 4. Changes in mean arterial pH and end-tidal CO2 tension with exercise were inconsistent between subjects but consistent within a given subject. On average, mean arterial pH rose by 0.011 pH unit. Changes in end-tidal CO2 tension reflected changes in mean pHa by falling on average by 1 mmHg (0.13 kPa). 5. Hypercapnia and acidaemia were not found to be necessary for the ventilatory response to moderate exercise.

Cardiovascular responses of cardiac transplant patients to arm and leg exercise

1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 441-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Keteyian ◽  
Charles R. C. Marks ◽  
Arlene B. Levine ◽  
Frank Fedel ◽  
Jonathan Ehrman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Responses ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Leg Exercise

scholarly journals LIGHT AND THE MUSCLE TONUS OF INSECTS THE HELIOTROPIC MECHANISM

1918 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter E. Garrey
Keyword(s):  
Photochemical Reaction ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
The Body ◽  
Muscle Tonus ◽  
Complete Proof ◽  
Muscle Groups ◽  
The Relationship

The tonus of the muscles of heliotropic insects is due chiefly to the action of light; it is markedly decreased in the dark. Each eye controls the tonus of a different group of muscles on both sides of the body. Different areas of each eye likewise are related to the tonus of different muscle groups, and the relationship is entirely analogous to that of the otic labyrinth of vertebrates. Asymmetrical conditions of muscle tension are produced by any procedure which establishes an unequal photochemical reaction in the two eyes, by difference in illumination, by partial or complete blackening of one eye, or establishing unequal sensitiveness in the two eyes. The unbalanced condition of muscle tonus expresses itself in unusual postures of the resting insects, and in movements in forced paths—circus motions when one eye has been blackened. These reactions vary directly with the intensity of the illumination, as shown not only by the variation in diameters of the circles, but also by the reactions of the insects on vertical surfaces and on the turntable. The relation of the results of these experiments to the problem of heliotropic orientation is too obvious to require detailed discussion, which could only lead to a repetition of the description of the mechanism f heliotropism which Loeb has so clearly expounded. The experiments are so completely in accordance with Loeb's muscle tension theory of heliotropism, that they are tantamount to a complete proof of it.

Effects of previous exercise with arms or legs on metabolism and performance in exhaustive exercise

1975 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 763-767 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Karlsson ◽  
F. Bonde-Petersen ◽  
J. Henriksson ◽  
H. G. Knuttgen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Lactate ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Lactate Concentration ◽  
Blood Lactate Concentration ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Creatine Phosphate ◽  
The Body ◽  
Exhaustive Exercise ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Muscle Groups

The ability of additional muscles to perform after certain other muscles of the body had been exercised to exhaustion was studied in three male subjects. Exhaustive exercise was performed in two series: series L-A, a bout of leg exercise preceded a bout of arm exercise; series A-L, arm preceded leg (6-min recovery between bouts). Biopsies were taken during the course of each experiment from both the deltoideus and vastus lateralis muscles for determination of ATP, creatine phosphate, lactate, and pyruvate. Exhaustive exercise led to marked elevations in lactate and decreases in ATP and CP in exercised muscle and marked increases in blood lactate concentration. Similar changes, especially in lactate, were observed during and after the first exercise bout in nonexercised muscle. When arm or leg exercise was performed as the second bout, decreases in performance time were observed as compared to performance as the initial bout. It is suggested that the performance potential of muscle is decreased because of internal changes elicited by elevated blood lactate and/or blood H+ concentrations brought about by other muscle groups previously exercised to exhaustion.

Modulation of the QT interval: effects of graded exercise and reflex cardiovascular stimulation

1993 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 2217-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Arrowood ◽  
J. Kline ◽  
P. M. Simpson ◽  
R. J. Quigg ◽  
J. J. Pippin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Normal Control ◽  
Qt Interval ◽  
Cold Pressor ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Cardiac Transplant ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Transplant Patients ◽  
Autonomic Changes ◽  
The Relationship

During exercise, as heart rate (HR) increases, the QT interval of the electrocardiogram shortens. The mechanism(s) involved in this QT shortening has not been clearly defined. To distinguish the influence of increased circulating catecholamines from myocardial efferent stimulation, the relationship between HR and QT interval was investigated during exercise and cardiovascular reflex stimulation in cardiac transplant patients and normal control subjects. Because of cardiac denervation, increases in HR in these patients are solely due to circulating catecholamines and thus allow isolation of their effect on the QT interval. Twenty-one cardiac transplant patients were studied and compared with 16 normal control subjects. The QT-HR relationship was determined according to an exponential model during treadmill exercise in both groups [QT = 0.12 + 0.492e(-0.008.HR) and QT = 0.12 + 0.459e(-0.007.HR) in normal subjects and transplant patients, respectively] and was statistically similar between groups, suggesting similar QT interval shortening in both groups. During cold pressor and Valsalva maneuvers, HR increased significantly in normal subjects only, whereas QT interval changed minimally in both groups. These results suggest that during exercise the QT interval is influenced predominantly by increases in circulating catecholamines rather than by neurally mediated reflex autonomic changes.

scholarly journals The Relationship between Simple Snoring and Sleep Bruxism: A Polysomnographic Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (23) ◽  
pp. 8960
Author(s):  
Monika Michalek-Zrabkowska ◽  
Mieszko Wieckiewicz ◽  
Piotr Macek ◽  
Pawel Gac ◽  
Joanna Smardz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Activity ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Sleep Bruxism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Upper Aerodigestive Tract ◽  
Obstructive Sleep ◽  
Supine Sleep ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Simple Snoring

Simple snoring is defined as the production of sound in the upper aerodigestive tract during sleep, not accompanied by other pathologies. Sleep bruxism (SB) refers to repetitive phasic, tonic, or mixed masticatory muscle activity during sleep. In this study, we investigated the relationship between simple snoring and SB in patients without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). A total of 565 snoring subjects underwent polysomnography. After examination, individuals with OSA were excluded from the study group. Finally, 129 individuals were analyzed. The bruxism episode index was positively correlated with maximum snore intensity. Phasic bruxism was positively correlated with snore intensity in all sleep positions. Bruxers had a significantly decreased average and minimum heart rate compared with non-bruxers. Supine sleep position seemed to have a significant impact on snore intensity and SB. In summary, our study showed the relationship between SB, snore intensity, and body position. Phasic bruxism was positively correlated with snore intensity despite the body position, which is an interesting and novel finding.

Abstract 2195: Significant Relation of Arterial Stiffening to Hyperventilatory Response to Exercise in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenki Enko ◽  
Satoru Sakuragi ◽  
Kengo Kusano
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Exercise Testing ◽  
Ventilatory Response ◽  
Lv Function ◽  
Arterial Stiffening ◽  
St Depression ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Response To Exercise ◽  
The Relationship

Exercise intolerance is a common feature of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Enhanced ventilatory response is determinants of exercise capacity and marker of a poor prognosis irrespective of LV systolic function. Pulse wave velocity (PWV), which is a reliable marker of arterial stiffness, modulates left ventricular (LV) function and is related to exercise capacity in CAD patients; however, the relationship of PWV to ventilatory response to exercise in CAD patients has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we examined PWV and cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX) in CAD patients and evaluated the relationship between PWV and ventilatory response to exercise. We studied 81 CAD patients (69±8yo, 64men). All subjects underwent symptom limited CPX. Ventilatory response to exercise was determined by VE/VCO 2 slope. We also measured PWV using an automated device (form ABI/PWV, Colin, Japan) prior to CPX. LV function was assessed by echocardiogram. In univariate analysis, PWV was related to VE/VCO 2 slope (r=0.34, p<0.01). PWV was also associated with exercise time (r=−0.22, p<0.05), time to ST depression (r=−0.32, p<0.01) and peak VO 2 (r=−0.44, p<0.01). The relationship between PWV and VE/VCO 2 was still significant after adjustment for age, sex and blood pressure. Patients with high PWV (over 1800cm/sec, n=29) had higher BNP (140±214 vs 59±66 pg/ml, p<0.05) and lower E/A ratio (0.7±0.2 vs. 0.9±0.3, p<0.05) than those with low PWV (under 1800cm/sec, n=52). In exercise testing, patients with high PWV had higher VE/VCO 2 slope (30.9±2.6 vs. 29.0±3.4, p<0.01), shorter time to ST depression than patients with low PWV (352±79 vs. 403±59 sec, p<0.01), whereas severity of CAD, defined as number of diseased vessels, was comparable between the two groups. Arterial stiffening is associated with enhanced ventilatory response to exercise in CAD patients. Diastolic dysfunction and lowered threshold of myocardial ischemia associated with arterial stiffening are probably involved in the hyperventilatory response to exercise in CAD patients.

scholarly journals The Relationship Of Work Attitude With The Incidence Of Hand Pain On Batik Workers At The Village Trusmi Plered Cirebon District

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Mitha Erlisya Puspandhani ◽  
Aldi Fadilah ◽  
Ahmad Syaripudin
Keyword(s):  
Body Position ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Bivariate Analysis ◽  
Upper Arm ◽  
Work Attitude ◽  
Hand Pain ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Village ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Body posture in the working position is a picture of the position of body, head and limbs (arms and legs) other, a way of working that is not ergonomic can cause variety health disorders that is movement disorders in certain body parts such as hands or called musculoskeletal. Based on preliminary study 6 out of 10 batik workers experience hand pain with 60% percentage. The purpose of this research to determine the relationship of work attitude with the incidence of hand pain on batik workers at the Village Trusmi Plered Cirebon. Method: Type of descriptive correlation research with cross sectional study research Samples taken in random sampling that is many as 86 workers batik workers. The instruments used in this study are REBA Observation and simple descriptive scale pain. Univariate data analysis with percentage and bivariate analysis with Rank Spearmen. Result: The result showed that from 86 respondents 69 respondents with upper arm motion 450 1. 900 flexion with percentage (80,2%) and 64 respondent with percentage (74,4%) experience hand pain and Spearman rank test results showed a positive correlation of 0.27 with a low correlation so there is work attitude relation at Batik workers with the incidence of hand pain on batik workers with upper arm position (ρ value 0.011, α = 0.1) Suggestion: It is expected that batik managers pay attention to the workplace design in accordance with the work position of respondents in accordance with the body position for ergonomics.

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