scholarly journals Short-term aerobic exercise training improves gut peptide regulation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (10) ◽  
pp. 1159-1164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily L. Kullman ◽  
Karen R. Kelly ◽  
Jacob M. Haus ◽  
Ciaran E. Fealy ◽  
Amanda R. Scelsi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Obesity-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common chronic liver disease. Exercise and diet are uniformly prescribed treatments for NAFLD; however, there are limited empirical data on the effects of exercise training on metabolic function in these patients. The purpose of this study was to investigate the fasting and glucose-stimulated adaptation of gut peptides to short-term aerobic exercise training in patients with NAFLD. Twenty-two obese subjects, 16 with NAFLD [body mass index (BMI), 33.2 ± 1.1 (SE) kg/m2] and 6 obese controls (BMI, 31.3 ± 1.2 kg/m2), were enrolled in a supervised aerobic exercise program (60 min/day, 85% of their heart rate maximum, for 7 days). Fasting and glucose-stimulated glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-17-36) and peptide tyrosine tyrosine (PYYTotal) concentrations in plasma were assessed before and after the exercise program. Initially, the NAFLD group had higher fasting PYY (NAFLD = 117 ± 18.6, control = 47.2 ± 6.4 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and GLP-1 (NAFLD = 12.4 ± 2.2, control = 6.2 ± 0.2 pg/ml, P < 0.05) and did not significantly increase GLP-1 or PYY in response to glucose ingestion. After the exercise program, fasting GLP-1 was reduced in the NAFLD group (10.7 ± 2.0 pg/ml, P < 0.05). Furthermore, exercise training led to significant increase in the acute (0–30 min) PYY and GLP-1 responses to glucose in the NAFLD group, while the total area under the glucose-stimulated GLP-1 response curve was reduced in both NAFLD and controls ( P < 0.05). In summary, 7 days of vigorous aerobic exercise normalized the dynamic PYY and GLP-1 responses to nutrient stimulation and reduced the GLP-1 response in NAFLD, suggesting that exercise positively modulates gut hormone regulation in obese adults with NAFLD.

scholarly journals Short-term exercise reduces markers of hepatocyte apoptosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 113 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ciaran E. Fealy ◽  
Jacob M. Haus ◽  
Thomas P. J. Solomon ◽  
Mangesh Pagadala ◽  
Chris A. Flask ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Hepatocyte Apoptosis ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver

Increased hepatocyte apoptosis is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and contributes to the profibrogenic state responsible for the progression to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Strategies aimed at reducing apoptosis may result in better outcomes for individuals with NAFLD. We therefore examined the effect of a short-term exercise program on markers of apoptosis—plasma cytokeratin 18 (CK18) fragments, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), soluble Fas (sFas), and sFas ligand (sFasL)—in 13 obese individuals with NAFLD [body mass index 35.2 ± 1.2 kg/m2, >5% intrahepatic lipid (IHL) assessed by 1H-MR spectroscopy]. Exercise consisted of treadmill walking for 60 min/day on 7 consecutive days at ∼85% of maximal heart rate. Additionally, subjects underwent an oral glucose tolerance test and a maximal oxygen consumption (V̇o2max) test before and after the exercise intervention. The Matsuda index was used to assess insulin sensitivity. We observed significant decreases in CK18 fragments (558.4 ± 106.8 vs. 323.4 ± 72.5 U/l, P < 0.01) and ALT (30.2 ± 5.1 vs. 24.3 ± 4.8 U/l, P < 0.05), and an increase in whole body fat oxidation (49.3 ± 6.1 vs. 69.4 ± 7.1 mg/min, P < 0.05), while decreases in circulating sFasL approached statistical significance (66.5 ± 6.0 vs. 63.0 ± 5.7 pg/ml, P = 0.06), as did the relationship between percent change in circulating CK18 fragments and ALT (r = 0.55, P = 0.05). We also observed a significant correlation between changes in fat oxidation and circulating sFasL (rho = −0.65, P < 0.05). There was no change in IHL following the intervention (18.2 ± 2.5 vs. 17.5 ± 2.1%, NS). We conclude that short-term exercise reduces a circulatory marker of hepatocyte apoptosis in obese individuals with NAFLD and propose that changes in the proapoptotic environment may be mediated through improved insulin sensitivity and increased oxidative capacity.

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training improves mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative status in obese mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a non-randomized experimental study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes ◽  
Lucas de Lucena Simões e Silva ◽  
Márcia Saldanha Kubrusly ◽  
Talitta Ricarlly Lopes de Arruda Lima ◽  
Cynthia Rodrigues Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of liver disease. Lifestyle modifications, such as a reduction in body weight (BW) and aerobic exercise training (AET), are effective treatments for NAFLD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of AET on hepatic oxidative metabolism in ob/ob mice. Male ob/ob mice were separated into two groups: the sedentary group (S), n=7, and the trained group (T), n=7. The T mice were submitted to an 8-week protocol of AET at 60% of the maximum velocity achieved in the running test. Before AET, no difference was observed in running capacity between the groups (S=10.4 ± 0.7 min vs. T= 13 ± 0.47 min). However, after AET, the running capacity was increased in the T group (12.8 ± 0.87 min) compared to the S group (7.2±0.63 min). Skeletal muscle in the T group (26.91±1.12 U/mg of protein) showed higher citrate synthase activity compared with the S group (19.28±0.88 U/mg of protein) (p =0.004) . BW and food consumption were significantly reduced in the T group compared to the S group (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). The analysis of hepatic gene expression showed an increase in PGC-1a levels (p=0.002) and a reduction in CPT-1a levels (p=0.03). The levels of TBARs and carbonyls, as well as SOD, CAT and GST, were not different between the groups. In the nonenzymatic antioxidant system, we found that the T group had higher sulfhydryl (p = 0.02), GSH (p=0.001) and GSH/GSSG (p=0.02) activity. The activity of the metabolic enzymes citrate synthase (p=0.004) and β-HAD (p=0.01) was also increased in the T group. Besides improve in metabolism, no differences were observed in the histological analyses. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that AET improves BW control, mitochondrial functionality and oxidative metabolism in ob/ob mice.

scholarly journals Improved Hepatic Lipid Composition Following Short-Term Exercise in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2013 ◽  
Vol 98 (7) ◽  
pp. E1181-E1188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob M. Haus ◽  
Thomas P.J. Solomon ◽  
Karen R. Kelly ◽  
Ciaran E. Fealy ◽  
Emily L. Kullman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Lipid Composition ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Hepatic Lipid

scholarly journals Aerobic exercise training improves mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative status in obese mice with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a non-randomized experimental study

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes ◽  
Lucas de Lucena Simões e Silva ◽  
Márcia Saldanha Kubrusly ◽  
Talitta Ricarlly Lopes de Arruda Lima ◽  
Cynthia Rodrigues Muller ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Oxidative Metabolism ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Aerobic Exercise Training ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver

Abstract Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common forms of liver disease. Lifestyle modifications, such as a reduction in body weight (BW) and aerobic exercise training (AET), are effective treatments for NAFLD. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of AET on hepatic oxidative metabolism in ob/ob mice. Male ob/ob mice were separated into two groups: the sedentary group (S), n=7, and the trained group (T), n=7. The T mice were submitted to an 8-week protocol of AET at 60% of the maximum velocity achieved in the running test. Before AET, no difference was observed in running capacity between the groups (S=10.4 ± 0.7 min vs. T= 13 ± 0.47 min). However, after AET, the running capacity was increased in the T group (12.8 ± 0.87 min) compared to the S group (7.2±0.63 min). Skeletal muscle in the T group (26.91±1.12 U/mg of protein) showed higher citrate synthase activity compared with the S group (19.28±0.88 U/mg of protein) (p =0.004) . BW and food consumption were significantly reduced in the T group compared to the S group (p=0.008 and p=0.001, respectively). The analysis of hepatic gene expression showed an increase in PGC-1a levels (p=0.002) and a reduction in CPT-1a levels (p=0.03). The levels of TBARs and carbonyls, as well as SOD, CAT and GST, were not different between the groups. In the nonenzymatic antioxidant system, we found that the T group had higher sulfhydryl (p = 0.02), GSH (p=0.001) and GSH/GSSG (p=0.02) activity. The activity of the metabolic enzymes citrate synthase (p=0.004) and β-HAD (p=0.01) was also increased in the T group. Besides improve in metabolism, no differences were observed in the histological analyses. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that AET improves BW control, mitochondrial functionality and oxidative metabolism in ob/ob mice.

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