Influence of prostaglandins and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factors on brachial and popliteal endothelial-dependent function in young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 130 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-25
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Petterson ◽  
Myles W. O’Brien ◽  
Jarrett A. Johns ◽  
Jack Chiasson ◽  
Derek S. Kimmerly
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Dependent Function

We compared changes in upper- and lower-limb artery endothelial-dependent vasodilatory and vasoconstrictor responses between control, prostaglandin inhibition, and endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor inhibition conditions. Neither prostaglandins nor endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor influenced flow-mediated dilation responses in either the brachial or popliteal artery. In contrast, endothelial-derived hyperpolarizing factor, but not prostaglandins, reduced resting brachial artery blood flow and shear rate and resting popliteal artery diameter, as well as low-flow-mediated constriction responses in both the popliteal and brachial arteries.

Endothelial function of young healthy males following whole body resistance training

2005 ◽  
Vol 98 (6) ◽  
pp. 2185-2190 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Rakobowchuk ◽  
C. L. McGowan ◽  
P. C. de Groot ◽  
J. W. Hartman ◽  
S. M. Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Resistance Training ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Body Resistance ◽  
Time Point

Given the increasing emphasis on performance of resistance exercise as an essential component of health, we evaluated, using a prospective longitudinal design, the potential for resistance training to affect arterial endothelial function. Twenty-eight men (23 ± 3.9 yr old; mean ± SE) engaged in 12 wk of whole body resistance training five times per week using a repeating split-body 3-day cycle. Brachial endothelial function was measured using occlusion cuff-induced flow-mediated dilation. After occlusion of the forearm for 4.5 min, brachial artery dilation and postocclusion blood flow was measured continuously for 15 and 70 s, respectively. Peak and 10-s postocclusion blood flow, shear rate, and brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (relative and normalized to shear rate) were measured pretraining (Pre), at 6 wk of training (Mid), and at 13 wk of training (Post). Results indicated an increase of mean brachial artery diameter by Mid and Post vs. Pre. Peak and 10-s postocclusion blood flow increased by Mid and remained elevated at Post; however, shear rates were not different at any time point. Relative and normalized flow-mediated dilation was also not different at any time point. This study is the first to show that peripheral arterial remodeling does occur with resistance training in healthy young men. In addition, the increase in postocclusion blood flow may indicate improved resistance vessel function. However, unlike studies involving endurance training, flow-mediated dilation did not increase with resistance training. Thus arterial adaptations with high-pressure loads, such as those experienced during resistance exercise, may be quite different compared with endurance training.

Low flow-mediated constriction occurs in the radial but not the brachial artery in healthy pregnant and nonpregnant women

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1105 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracey L. Weissgerber ◽  
Gregory A. L. Davies ◽  
Michael E. Tschakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Shear Rate ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Radial Artery ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Vascular Function ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Function Test ◽  
Positive Correlations

Radial artery diameter decreases when a wrist cuff is inflated to stop blood flow to distal tissue. This phenomenon, referred to as low flow-mediated vasoconstriction (L-FMC), was proposed as a vascular function test. Recommendations that L-FMC be measured concurrently with flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were based on radial artery data. However, cardiovascular disease prediction studies traditionally measure brachial artery FMD. Therefore, studies should determine whether L-FMC occurs in the brachial artery. The hypothesis that reduced shear causes L-FMC has not been tested. Brachial and radial artery L-FMC and FMD were assessed in active nonpregnant ( n = 17), inactive nonpregnant ( n = 10), active pregnant ( n = 15, 34.1 ± 1.2 wk gestation), and inactive pregnant ( n = 8, 34.2 ± 2.2 wk gestation) women. Radial artery diameter decreased significantly during occlusion in all groups (nonpregnant, −4.4 ± 4.2%; pregnant, −6.4 ± 3.2%). Brachial artery diameter did not change in active and inactive nonpregnant, and inactive pregnant women; however, the small decrease in active pregnant women was significant. Occlusion decreased shear rate in both arteries, yet L-FMC only occurred in the radial artery. Radial artery L-FMC was not correlated with the reduction in shear rate. L-FMC occurs in the radial but not the brachial artery and is not related to changes in shear rate. Positive correlations between L-FMC (negative values) and FMD (positive values) suggest that radial artery FMD may be reduced among women who experience greater L-FMC. Studies should clarify the underlying stimulus and mechanisms regulating L-FMC, and test the hypothesis that endothelial dysfunction is manifested as enhanced brachial artery L-FMC, but attenuated radial artery L-FMC.

Brachial Artery Blood Flow Responses to Different Modalities of Lower Limb Exercise

2009 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1072-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
DICK H. J. THIJSSEN ◽  
ELLEN A. DAWSON ◽  
MARK A. BLACK ◽  
MARIA T. E. HOPMAN ◽  
Nigel T. CABLE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Lower Limb ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Lower Limb Exercise ◽  
Limb Exercise

scholarly journals Heart failure patients demonstrate impaired changes in brachial artery blood flow and shear rate pattern during moderate-intensity cycle exercise

2015 ◽  
Vol 100 (4) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathalie M. M. Benda ◽  
Joost P. H. Seeger ◽  
Dirk P. T. van Lier ◽  
Louise Bellersen ◽  
Arie P. J. van Dijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Cycle Exercise ◽  
Heart Failure Patients

scholarly journals Prolonged sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction is prevented by fidgeting

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (1) ◽  
pp. H177-H182 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuma Morishima ◽  
Robert M. Restaino ◽  
Lauren K. Walsh ◽  
Jill A. Kanaley ◽  
Paul J. Fadel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Endothelial Dysfunction ◽  
Endothelial Function ◽  
Popliteal Artery ◽  
Artery Blood Flow ◽  
Pronounced Increase ◽  
Prolonged Sitting ◽  
Leg Movement

Prolonged sitting impairs endothelial function in the leg vasculature, and this impairment is thought to be largely mediated by a sustained reduction in blood flow-induced shear stress. Indeed, preventing the marked reduction of shear stress during sitting with local heating abolishes the impairment in popliteal artery endothelial function. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that sitting-induced reductions in shear stress and ensuing endothelial dysfunction would be prevented by periodic leg movement, or “fidgeting.” In 11 young, healthy subjects, bilateral measurements of popliteal artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD) were performed before and after a 3-h sitting period during which one leg was subjected to intermittent fidgeting (1 min on/4 min off) while the contralateral leg remained still throughout and served as an internal control. Fidgeting produced a pronounced increase in popliteal artery blood flow and shear rate (prefidgeting, 33.7 ± 2.6 s−1 to immediately postfidgeting, 222.7 ± 28.3 s−1; mean ± SE; P < 0.001) that tapered off during the following 60 s. Fidgeting did not alter popliteal artery blood flow and shear rate of the contralateral leg, which was subjected to a reduction in blood flow and shear rate throughout the sitting period (presit, 71.7 ± 8.0 s−1 to 3-h sit, 20.2 ± 2.9 s−1; P < 0.001). Popliteal artery FMD was impaired after 3 h of sitting in the control leg (presit, 4.5 ± 0.3% to postsit: 1.6 ± 1.1%; P = 0.039) but improved in the fidgeting leg (presit, 3.7 ± 0.6% to postsit, 6.6 ± 1.2%; P = 0.014). Collectively, the present study provides evidence that prolonged sitting-induced leg endothelial dysfunction is preventable with small amounts of leg movement while sitting, likely through the intermittent increases in vascular shear stress.

scholarly journals Brachial Artery “Low-Flow Mediated Constriction” Is Associated with Myocardial Perfusion Defect Severity and Mediated by an Altered Flow Pattern during Occlusion

Pulse ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Smriti Badhwar ◽  
Dinu S. Chandran ◽  
Ashok K. Jaryal ◽  
Rajiv Narang ◽  
Chetan Patel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Perfusion Defect ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Flow Profile ◽  
Myocardial Perfusion Defect ◽  
Retrograde Blood Flow

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> The relationship between low flow-mediated constriction (LFMC), a new proposed measure of endothelial function, with cardiovascular disease severity and its hypothesized stimulus, that is, low flow, has not been comprehensively evaluated. The study evaluated association between change in brachial artery diameter during constriction with severity of myocardial perfusion defect (PD) and alterations in different components of flow profile. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Brachial artery responses to occlusion were assessed in 91 patients and 30 healthy subjects. Change in anterograde and retrograde blood flow velocities (delta anterograde blood flow velocity and retrograde blood flow velocity), anterograde shear rate and retrograde shear rate (delta ASR and RSR, respectively), and oscillatory shear index (delta) during forearm occlusion at 50 mm Hg above systolic pressure, from baseline was calculated. Myocardial perfusion was evaluated in patients using exercise single positron emission computed tomography and % myocardial PD was calculated from summed stress score. <b><i>Results:</i></b> LFMC emerged as independent predictor of defect severity after correcting for age and gender (<i>p</i> = 0.014). Sixty-seven patients (73.6%) and 15 healthy subjects (50%) showed constriction during occlusion. In stepwise backward regression analysis, RSR contributed 35.5% and ASR contributed 20.1% of the total 63.9% variability in artery diameter during occlusion. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> The results suggest that LFMC is independently associated with myocardial perfusion severity and is “mediated” by an altered flow profile during occlusion.

Are the dynamic response characteristics of brachial artery flow-mediated dilation sensitive to the magnitude of increase in shear stimulus?

2008 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 282-292 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. E. Pyke ◽  
J. A. Hartnett ◽  
M. E. Tschakovsky
Keyword(s):  
Shear Stress ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Dynamic Response ◽  
Phase I ◽  
Brachial Artery ◽  
Flow Mediated Dilation ◽  
Final Phase ◽  
Stimulus Magnitude ◽  
Brachial Artery Diameter ◽  
Response Characteristics

The purpose of this study was to determine the dynamic characteristics of brachial artery dilation in response to step increases in shear stress [flow-mediated dilation (FMD)]. Brachial artery diameter (BAD) and mean blood velocity (MBV) (Doppler ultrasound) were obtained in 15 healthy subjects. Step increases in MBV at two shear stimulus magnitudes were investigated: large (L; maximal MBV attainable), and small (S; MBV at 50% of the large step). Increase in shear rate (estimate of shear stress: MBV/BAD) was 76.8 ± 15.6 s−1 for L and 41.4 ± 8.7 s−1 for S. The peak %FMD was 14.5 ± 3.8% for L and 5.7 ± 2.1% for S ( P < 0.001). Both the L (all subjects) and the S step trials (12 of 15 subjects) elicited a biphasic diameter response with a fast initial phase (phase I) followed by a slower final phase. Relative contribution of phase I to total FMD when two phases occurred was not sensitive to shear rate magnitude ( r2 = 0.003, slope P = 0.775). Parameters quantifying the dynamics of the FMD response [time delay (TD), time constant (τ)] were also not sensitive to shear rate magnitude for both phases (phase I: TD r2 = 0.03, slope P = 0.376, τ r2 = 0.04, slope P = 0.261; final phase: TD r2 = 0.07, slope P = 0.169, τ r2 = 0.07, slope P = 0.996). These data support the existence of two distinct mechanisms, or sets of mechanisms, in the human conduit artery FMD response that are proportionally sensitive to shear stimulus magnitude and whose dynamic response is not sensitive to shear stimulus magnitude.

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