scholarly journals Integration of vestibular and hindlimb inputs by vestibular nucleus neurons: multisensory influences on postural control

2021 ◽  
Vol 125 (4) ◽  
pp. 1095-1110
Author(s):  
Andrew A. McCall ◽  
Derek M. Miller ◽  
Carey D. Balaban
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Limb Movement ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Limb Position ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Postural Perturbations

Vestibular nucleus neurons receive convergent information from hindlimb somatosensory inputs and vestibular inputs. In this study, extracellular single-unit recordings of vestibular nucleus neurons during conditions of passively applied limb movement, passive whole body rotations, and combined stimulation were well fit by an additive model. The integration of hindlimb somatosensory inputs with vestibular inputs at the first stage of vestibular processing suggests that vestibular nucleus neurons account for limb position in determining vestibulospinal responses to postural perturbations.

scholarly journals Integration of vestibular and hindlimb inputs by vestibular nucleus neurons: Multisensory influences on postural control

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Derek M. Miller ◽  
Carey D. Balaban ◽  
Andrew A. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Balance Control ◽  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Body Position ◽  
Additive Model ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Rotation ◽  
Single Unit Recordings

1.AbstractWe recently demonstrated in both decerebrate and conscious cat preparations that hindlimb somatosensory inputs converge with vestibular afferent input onto neurons in multiple CNS locations that participate in balance control. While it is known that head position and limb state modulate postural reflexes, presumably through both vestibulospinal and reticulospinal pathways, the combined influence of the two inputs on the activity of neurons in these brainstem regions is unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the responses of vestibular nucleus (VN) neurons to vestibular and hindlimb stimuli delivered separately and together in conscious cats. We hypothesized that VN neuronal firing during activation of vestibular and limb proprioceptive inputs would be well-fit by an additive model. Extracellular single-unit recordings were obtained from neurons in the caudal aspects of the VN. Sinusoidal whole-body rotation in the roll plane was used as the search stimulus. Units responding to the search stimulus were tested for their responses to 10° ramp-and-hold roll body rotation, 10° extension hindlimb movement, and both movements delivered simultaneously. Composite response histograms were fit by a model of low and high pass filtered limb and body position signals using least squares nonlinear regression. We found that VN neuronal activity during combined vestibular and hindlimb proprioceptive stimulation in the conscious cat is well-fit by a simple additive model for signals with similar temporal dynamics. The mean R2 value for goodness of fit across all units was 0.74 ± 0.17. It is likely that VN neurons that exhibit these integrative properties participate in adjusting vestibulospinal outflow in response to limb state.New and NoteworthyVestibular nucleus neurons receive convergent information from hindlimb somatosensory inputs and vestibular inputs. In this study, extracellular single unit recordings of vestibular nucleus neurons during conditions of passively applied limb movement, passive whole-body rotations, and combined stimulation, were well fit by an additive model. The integration of hindlimb somatosensory inputs with vestibular inputs at the first stage of vestibular processing suggests vestibular nucleus neurons account for limb position in determining vestibulospinal responses to postural perturbations.

Sources of the Scalp-Recorded Amplitude-Modulation Following Response

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (04) ◽  
pp. 188-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shigeyuki Kuwada ◽  
Julia S. Anderson ◽  
Ranjan Batra ◽  
Douglas C. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Natacha Teissier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Amplitude Modulation ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Modulation Frequency ◽  
Multiple Sources ◽  
High Modulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Composite Response ◽  
The Brain

The scalp-recorded amplitude-modulation following response (AMFR)” is gaining recognition as an objective audiometric tool, but little is known about the neural sources that underlie this potential. We hypothesized, based on our human studies and single-unit recordings in animals, that the scalp-recorded AMFR reflects the interaction of multiple sources. We tested this hypothesis using an animal model, the unanesthetized rabbit. We compared AMFRs recorded from the surface of the brain at different locations and before and after the administration of agents likely to enhance or suppress neural generators. We also recorded AMFRs locally at several stations along the auditory neuraxis. We conclude that the surface-recorded AMFR is indeed a composite response from multiple brain generators. Although the response at any modulation frequency can reflect the activity of more than one generator, the AMFRs to low and high modulation frequencies appear to reflect a strong contribution from cortical and subcortical sources, respectively.

scholarly journals Duplicate Detection of Spike Events: A Relevant Problem in Human Single-Unit Recordings

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Gert Dehnen ◽  
Marcel S. Kehl ◽  
Alana Darcher ◽  
Tamara T. Müller ◽  
Jakob H. Macke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Quality ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
External Noise ◽  
Hospital Environment ◽  
Noise Sources ◽  
Recording Channels ◽  
Waveform Similarity ◽  
Therapeutic Procedures ◽  
Single Unit Recordings

Single-unit recordings in the brain of behaving human subjects provide a unique opportunity to advance our understanding of neural mechanisms of cognition. These recordings are exclusively performed in medical centers during diagnostic or therapeutic procedures. The presence of medical instruments along with other aspects of the hospital environment limit the control of electrical noise compared to animal laboratory environments. Here, we highlight the problem of an increased occurrence of simultaneous spike events on different recording channels in human single-unit recordings. Most of these simultaneous events were detected in clusters previously labeled as artifacts and showed similar waveforms. These events may result from common external noise sources or from different micro-electrodes recording activity from the same neuron. To address the problem of duplicate recorded events, we introduce an open-source algorithm to identify these artificial spike events based on their synchronicity and waveform similarity. Applying our method to a comprehensive dataset of human single-unit recordings, we demonstrate that our algorithm can substantially increase the data quality of these recordings. Given our findings, we argue that future studies of single-unit activity recorded under noisy conditions should employ algorithms of this kind to improve data quality.

scholarly journals Effects of whole-body vibration on postural control in elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Slavko Rogan ◽  
Roger Hilfiker ◽  
Kaspar Herren ◽  
Lorenz Radlinger ◽  
Eling D de Bruin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Postural Control ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Vibration

A device enabling single unit recordings during head movements in cats

1982 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-444 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.S. Schneider ◽  
A.A. Castaldi ◽  
T.I. Lidsky
Keyword(s):  
Single Unit ◽  
Head Movements ◽  
Single Unit Recordings

Whole-body adaptation to novel dynamics does not transfer between effectors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison Pienciak-Siewert ◽  
Alaa A Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Postural Control ◽  
Arm Movement ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Reaching Movements ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Postural Control System ◽  
Movement Dynamics ◽  
Gradual Introduction ◽  
Postural Movement ◽  
The Brain

How does the brain coordinate concurrent adaptation of arm movements and standing posture? From previous studies, the postural control system can use information about previously adapted arm movement dynamics to plan appropriate postural control; however, it is unclear whether postural control can be adapted and controlled independently of arm control. The present study addresses that question. Subjects practiced planar reaching movements while standing and grasping the handle of a robotic arm, which generated a force field to create novel perturbations. Subjects were divided into two groups, for which perturbations were introduced in either an abrupt or gradual manner. All subjects adapted to the perturbations while reaching with their dominant (right) arm, then switched to reaching with their non-dominant (left) arm. Previous studies of seated reaching movements showed that abrupt perturbation introduction led to transfer of learning between arms, but gradual introduction did not. Interestingly, in this study neither group showed evidence of transferring adapted control of arm or posture between arms. These results suggest primarily that adapted postural control cannot be transferred independently of arm control in this task paradigm. In other words, whole-body postural movement planning related to a concurrent arm task is dependent on information about arm dynamics. Finally, we found that subjects were able to adapt to the gradual perturbation while experiencing very small errors, suggesting that both error size and consistency play a role in driving motor adaptation.

Plasticity of γ-aminobutyrate receptors in the medial vestibular nucleus of rat after inferior cerebellar peduncle transection

2002 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yizhe Sun ◽  
Donald A. Godfrey ◽  
Allan M. Rubin
Keyword(s):  
Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Brain Slices ◽  
Medial Vestibular Nucleus ◽  
Grouped Data ◽  
Spontaneous Firing ◽  
Gaba A ◽  
Endogenous Gaba ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Cerebellar Peduncle ◽  
Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

Extracellular single unit recordings were made from regularly discharging medial vestibular nucleus neurons in brain slices from control rats and from rats surviving 7 days after bilateral transection of the inferior cerebellar peduncle. Decreases in firing rate during perfusion with the Îş-aminobutyric acid (GABA) agonists, muscimol (GABA A ) and baclofen (GABA B ), were greater in lesioned rats than in control rats. For the grouped data, the half-maximally-effective concentrations of muscimol and baclofen were 3.2 µM, as compared with 19.6 µM for control, and 0.8 µM, as compared with 2.7 µM for control, respectively. The antagonists bicuculline (GABA A ) and 2-OH-saclofen (GABA B ) only minimally affected the spontaneous firing rates of neurons in lesioned rats, significantly less than in control rats. The data suggest that the decreases of endogenous GABA levels in the medial vestibular nucleus after inferior cerebellar peduncle transection are accompanied by up-regulation of GABA A and, to a lesser extent, GABA B receptors.

Single-unit recordings of arterial chemoreceptors from mouse petrosal ganglia in vitro

2000 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 1489-1495 ◽  
Author(s):  
David F. Donnelly ◽  
Ricardo Rigual
Keyword(s):  
Mouse Model ◽  
Carotid Body ◽  
Unit Activity ◽  
Action Potentials ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Gene Deletions ◽  
Suction Electrode ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Unit Action

A preparation was developed that allows for the recording of single-unit chemoreceptor activity from mouse carotid body in vitro. An anesthetized mouse was decapitated, and each carotid body was harvested, along with the sinus nerve, glossopharyngeal nerve, and petrosal ganglia. After exposure to collagenase/trypsin, the cleaned complex was transferred to a recording chamber where it was superfused with oxygenated saline. The ganglia was searched for evoked or spontaneous unit activity by using a glass suction electrode. Single-unit action potentials were 57 ± 10 (SE) ( n = 16) standard deviations above the recording noise, and spontaneous spikes were generated as a random process. Decreasing superfusate[Formula: see text] to near 20 Torr caused an increase in spiking activity from 1.3 ± 0.4 to 14.1 ± 1.9 Hz ( n = 16). The use of mice for chemoreceptor studies may be advantageous because targeted gene deletions are well developed in the mouse model and may be useful in addressing unresolved questions regarding the mechanism of chemotransduction.

scholarly journals Opportunities and Challenges for Single-Unit Recordings from Enteric Neurons in Awake Animals

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley Barth ◽  
Hsin-I Huang ◽  
Gianna Hammer ◽  
Xiling Shen
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Single Unit ◽  
Gastrointestinal System ◽  
Enteric Neurons ◽  
Unit Recording ◽  
Neural Recordings ◽  
Neuroscience Research ◽  
Single Unit Recordings ◽  
Excised Tissue ◽  
Intrinsic Neurons

Advanced electrode designs have made single-unit neural recordings commonplace among modern neuroscience research. However, single-unit resolution remains out of reach for the intrinsic neurons of the gastrointestinal system. Single-unit recordings of the enteric (gut) nervous system have been conducted in anesthetized animal models and excised tissue, but there is a large physiological gap between awake and anesthetized animals, particularly for the enteric nervous system. Here, we describe the opportunity for advancing enteric neuroscience offered by single-unit recording capabilities in awake animals. We highlight the primary challenges to microelectrodes in the gastrointestinal system including structural, physiological, and signal quality challenges.

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