scholarly journals Selectivity of pyramidal cells and interneurons in the human medial temporal lobe

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (4) ◽  
pp. 1713-1721 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matias J. Ison ◽  
Florian Mormann ◽  
Moran Cerf ◽  
Christof Koch ◽  
Itzhak Fried ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Hierarchical Processing ◽  
Plausible Mechanism ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Neurons in the medial temporal lobe (MTL) respond selectively to pictures of specific individuals, objects, and places. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to such degree of stimulus selectivity are largely unknown. A necessary step to move forward in this direction involves the identification and characterization of the different neuron types present in MTL circuitry. We show that putative principal cells recorded in vivo from the human MTL are more selective than putative interneurons. Furthermore, we report that putative hippocampal pyramidal cells exhibit the highest degree of selectivity within the MTL, reflecting the hierarchical processing of visual information. We interpret these differences in selectivity as a plausible mechanism for generating sparse responses.

Characterizing interneuron and pyramidal cells in the human medial temporal lobe in vivo using extracellular recordings

Hippocampus ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indre V. Viskontas ◽  
Arne D. Ekstrom ◽  
Charles L. Wilson ◽  
Itzhak Fried
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Extracellular Recordings

scholarly journals The thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferase of Bacillus coagulans DSM 1 synthesizes isomaltooligosaccharides

Amylase ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-22
Author(s):  
Gang Xiang ◽  
Piet L. Buwalda ◽  
Marc J.E.C van der Maarel ◽  
Hans Leemhuis
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Coagulans ◽  
Glycoside Hydrolase Family ◽  
Rat Intestine ◽  
Glycaemic Response ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Starch Conversion ◽  
Identification And Characterization ◽  
Hydrolase Family

Abstract The 4,6-α-glucanotransferases of the glycoside hydrolase family 70 can convert starch into isomaltooligosaccharides (IMOs). However, no thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferases have been reported to date, limiting their applicability in the starch conversion industry. Here we report the identification and characterization of a thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferase from Bacillus coagulans DSM 1. The gene was cloned and the recombinant protein, called BcGtfC, was produced in Escherichia coli. BcGtfC is stable up to 66 °C in the presence of substrate. It converts debranched starch into an IMO product with a high percentage of α-1,6-glycosidic linkages and a relatively high molecular weight compared to commercially available IMOs. Importantly, the product is only partly and very slowly digested by rat intestine powder, suggesting that the IMO will provide a low glycaemic response in vivo when applied as food ingredient. Thus, BcGtfC is a thermostable 4,6-α-glucanotransferase suitable for the industrial production of slowly digestible IMOs from starch.

scholarly journals Transcriptome-based identification and characterization of genes responding to imidacloprid in Myzus persicae

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jianyu Meng ◽  
Xingjiang Chen ◽  
Changyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Control Measure ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Agricultural Pest ◽  
Functional Classification ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Identification And Characterization

Abstract Myzus persicae is a serious and widespread agricultural pest, against which, imidacloprid remains an effective control measure. However, recent reports indicate that this aphid has evolved and developed resistance to imidacloprid. This study aimed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms and genetic basis of this resistance by conducting comparative transcriptomics studies on both imidacloprid-resistant (IR) and imidacloprid-susceptible (IS) M. persicae. The comparative analysis identified 252 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) among the IR and IS M. persicae transcriptomes. These candidate genes included 160 and 92 genes that were down- and up-regulated, respectively, in the imidacloprid-resistant strain. Using functional classification in the GO and KEGG databases, 187 DEGs were assigned to 303 functional subcategories and 100 DEGs were classified into 45 pathway groups. Moreover, several genes were associated with known insecticide targets, cuticle, metabolic processes, and oxidative phosphorylation. Quantitative real-time PCR of 10 DEGs confirmed the trends observed in the RNA sequencing expression profiles. These findings provide a valuable basis for further investigation into the complicated mechanisms of imidacloprid resistance in M. persicae.

scholarly journals Intracellular and Computational Characterization of the Intracortical Inhibitory Control of Synchronized Thalamic Inputs In Vivo

1997 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 335-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Contreras ◽  
Alain Destexhe ◽  
Mircea Steriade
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Pyramidal Cells ◽  
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Thalamic Stimulation ◽  
Postsynaptic Potential ◽  
Spike Wave

Contreras, Diego, Alain Destexhe, and Mircea Steriade. Intracellular and computational characterization of the intracortical inhibitory control of synchronized thalamic inputs in vivo. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 335–350, 1997. We investigated the presence and role of local inhibitory cortical control over synchronized thalamic inputs during spindle oscillations (7–14 Hz) by combining intracellular recordings of pyramidal cells in barbiturate-anesthetized cats and computational models. The recordings showed that 1) similar excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP)/inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP) sequences occurred either during spindles or following thalamic stimulation; 2) reversed IPSPs with chloride-filled pipettes transformed spindle-related EPSP/IPSP sequences into robust bursts with spike inactivation, resembling paroxysmal depolarizing shifts during seizures; and 3) dual simultaneous impalements showed that inhibition associated with synchronized thalamic inputs is local. Computational models were based on reconstructed pyramidal cells constrained by recordings from the same cells. These models showed that the transformation of EPSP/IPSP sequences into fully developed spike bursts critically needs a relatively high density of inhibitory currents in the soma and proximal dendrites. In addition, models predict significant Ca2+ transients in dendrites due to synchronized thalamic inputs. We conclude that synchronized thalamic inputs are subject to strong inhibitory control within the cortex and propose that 1) local impairment of inhibition contributes to the transformation of spindles into spike-wave-type discharges, and 2) spindle-related inputs trigger Ca2+ events in cortical dendrites that may subserve plasticity phenomena during sleep.

scholarly journals Automated segmentation of medial temporal lobe subregions on in vivo T1-weighted MRI in early stages of Alzheimer's disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (12) ◽  
pp. 3431-3451 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Xie ◽  
Laura E. M. Wisse ◽  
John Pluta ◽  
Robin de Flores ◽  
Virgine Piskin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Automated Segmentation ◽  
Early Stages

scholarly journals Characterization of brain network supporting episodic memory in the absence of one medial temporal lobe

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (7) ◽  
pp. 2188-2199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Woorim Jeong ◽  
Hyeongrae Lee ◽  
June Sic Kim ◽  
Chun Kee Chung
Keyword(s):  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Temporal Lobe ◽  
Medial Temporal Lobe ◽  
Brain Network
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