scholarly journals Gamma band activity in the developing parafascicular nucleus

2012 ◽  
Vol 107 (3) ◽  
pp. 772-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nebojsa Kezunovic ◽  
James Hyde ◽  
Christen Simon ◽  
Francisco J. Urbano ◽  
D. Keith Williams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Firing Frequency ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Parafascicular Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Gamma Band Activity

The parafascicular nucleus (Pf) receives cholinergic input from the pedunculopontine nucleus, part of the reticular activating system involved in waking and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, and sends projections to the cortex. We tested the hypothesis that Pf neurons fire maximally at gamma band frequency (30–90 Hz), that this mechanism involves high-threshold voltage-dependent P/Q- and N-type calcium channels, and that this activity is enhanced by the cholinergic agonist carbachol (CAR). Patch-clamped 9- to 25-day-old rat Pf neurons ( n = 299) manifested a firing frequency plateau at gamma band when maximally activated (31.5 ± 1.5 Hz) and showed gamma oscillations when voltage-clamped at holding potentials above −20 mV, and the frequency of the oscillations increased significantly with age (24.6 ± 3.8 vs. 51.6 ± 4.4 Hz, P < 0.001) but plateaued at gamma frequencies. Cells exposed to CAR showed significantly higher frequencies early in development compared with those without CAR (24.6 ± 3.8 vs. 41.7 ± 4.3 Hz, P < 0.001) but plateaued with age. The P/Q-type calcium channel blocker ω-agatoxin-IVA (ω-Aga) blocked gamma oscillations, whereas the N-type blocker ω-conotoxin-GVIA (ω-CgTx) only partially decreased the power spectrum amplitude of gamma oscillations. The blocking effect of ω-Aga on P/Q-type currents and ω-CgTx on N-type currents was consistent over age. We conclude that P/Q- and N-type calcium channels appear to mediate Pf gamma oscillations during development. We hypothesize that the cholinergic input to the Pf could activate these cells to oscillate at gamma frequency, and perhaps relay these rhythms to cortical areas, thus providing a stable high-frequency state for “nonspecific” thalamocortical processing.

scholarly journals High-threshold Ca2+channels behind gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. e12431 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennon Luster ◽  
Stasia D'Onofrio ◽  
Francisco Urbano ◽  
Edgar Garcia-Rill
Keyword(s):  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
High Threshold ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Ca2 Channels ◽  
Band Activity

scholarly journals Neural network dynamics underlying gamma synchronization deficits in schizophrenia

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daisuke Koshiyama ◽  
Makoto Miyakoshi ◽  
Yash B. Joshi ◽  
Juan L. Molina ◽  
Kumiko Tanaka-Koshiyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Steady State ◽  
Neural Circuit ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Causality Analysis ◽  
Response Dynamics ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
40 Hz

AbstractGamma band (40-Hz) activity is associated with many sensory and cognitive functions, and is critical for cortico-cortical transmission and the integration of information across neural networks. The capacity to support gamma band activity can be indexed by the auditory steady-state response (ASSR); schizophrenia patients have selectively reduced synchrony to 40-Hz stimulation. While 40-Hz ASSR is a translatable electroencephalographic biomarker with emerging utility for therapeutic development for neuropsychiatric disorders, the spatiotemporal dynamics underlying the ASSR have not yet been characterized. In this study, a novel Granger causality analysis was applied to assess the propagation of gamma oscillations in response to 40-Hz steady-state stimulation across cortical sources in schizophrenia patients (n=426) and healthy comparison subjects (n=293). Results revealed distinct, hierarchically sequenced temporal and spatial response dynamics underlying gamma synchronization deficits in patients. During the response onset interval, patients exhibited abnormal connectivity of superior temporal and frontal gyri, followed by decreased information flow from superior temporal to middle cingulate gyrus. In the later (300–500 ms) interval of the ASSR response, patients showed significantly increased connectivity from superior temporal to middle frontal gyrus followed by broad failures to engage multiple prefrontal brain regions. In conclusion, these findings reveal the rapid disorganization of neural circuit functioning in response to simple gamma-frequency stimulation in schizophrenia patients. Deficits in the generation and maintenance of gamma-band oscillations in schizophrenia reflect a fundamental connectivity abnormality across a distributed network of temporo-frontal networks.

scholarly journals Modulation of gamma oscillations in the pedunculopontine nucleus by neuronal calcium sensor protein-1: relevance to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (3) ◽  
pp. 709-719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stasia D'Onofrio ◽  
Nebojsa Kezunovic ◽  
James R. Hyde ◽  
Brennon Luster ◽  
Erick Messias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Calcium Channels ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Calcium Sensor ◽  
Sensor Protein ◽  
Neuronal Calcium Sensor Protein ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Gamma Band Oscillations ◽  
Band Activity

Reduced levels of gamma-band activity are present in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. In the same disorders, increased neuronal calcium sensor protein-1 (NCS-1) expression was reported in a series of postmortem studies. These disorders are also characterized by sleep dysregulation, suggesting a role for the reticular activating system (RAS). The discovery of gamma-band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN), the cholinergic arm of the RAS, revealed that such activity was mediated by high-threshold calcium channels that are regulated by NCS-1. We hypothesized that NCS-1 normally regulates gamma-band oscillations through these calcium channels and that excessive levels of NCS-1, such as would be expected with overexpression, decrease gamma-band activity. We found that PPN neurons in rat brain slices manifested gamma-band oscillations that were increased by low levels of NCS-1 but suppressed by high levels of NCS-1. Our results suggest that NCS-1 overexpression may be responsible for the decrease in gamma-band activity present in at least some schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients.

scholarly journals Gamma Band Unit Activity and Population Responses in the Pedunculopontine Nucleus

2010 ◽  
Vol 104 (1) ◽  
pp. 463-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christen Simon ◽  
Nebojsa Kezunovic ◽  
Meijun Ye ◽  
James Hyde ◽  
A. Hayar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Paradoxical Sleep ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Cholinergic Receptor ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Membrane Properties ◽  
Type I ◽  
Band Frequency ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

The pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN) is involved in the activated states of waking and paradoxical sleep, forming part of the reticular activating system (RAS). The studies described tested the hypothesis that single unit and/or population responses of PPN neurons are capable of generating gamma band frequency activity. Whole cell patch clamp recordings (immersion chamber) and population responses (interface chamber) were conducted on 9- to 20-day-old rat brain stem slices. Regardless of cell type (I, II, or III) or type of response to the nonselective cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol (excitation, inhibition, biphasic), almost all PPN neurons fired at gamma band frequency, but no higher, when subjected to depolarizing steps (50 ± 2 Hz, mean ± SE). Nonaccommodating neurons fired at 18–100 Hz throughout depolarizing steps, while most accommodating neurons exhibited gamma band frequency of action potentials followed by gamma band membrane oscillations. These oscillations were blocked by the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX), suggesting that at least some are mediated by sodium currents. Population responses in the PPN showed that carbachol induced peaks of activation in the theta and gamma range, while glutamatergic receptor agonists induced overall increases in activity at theta and gamma frequencies, although in differing patterns. Gamma band activity appears to be a part of the intrinsic membrane properties of PPN neurons, and the population as a whole generates different patterns of gamma band activity under the influence of specific transmitters. Given sufficient excitation, the PPN may impart gamma band activation on its targets.

scholarly journals Intracellular mechanisms modulating gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus (PPN)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (12) ◽  
pp. e12787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brennon R. Luster ◽  
Francisco J. Urbano ◽  
Edgar Garcia-Rill
Keyword(s):  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity ◽  
Intracellular Mechanisms

scholarly journals Temporal Profile of Amygdala Gamma Oscillations in Response to Faces

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1420-1433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wataru Sato ◽  
Takanori Kochiyama ◽  
Shota Uono ◽  
Kazumi Matsuda ◽  
Keiko Usui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Activation Patterns ◽  
Time Frequency ◽  
Temporal Profile ◽  
Task Time ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

Neuroimaging studies have reported greater activation of the human amygdala in response to faces than to nonfacial stimuli, yet little is known about the temporal profile of this activation. We investigated this issue by recording the intracranial field potentials of the amygdala in participants undergoing preneurosurgical assessment (n = 6). Participants observed faces, mosaics, and houses in upright and inverted orientations using a dummy target detection task. Time–frequency statistical parametric mapping analyses revealed that the amygdala showed greater gamma-band activity in response to faces than to mosaics at 200–300 msec, with a peak at 255 msec. Gamma-band activation with a similar temporal profile was also found in response to faces versus houses. Activation patterns did not differ between upright and inverted presentations of stimuli. These results suggest that the human amygdala is involved in the early stages of face processing, including the modulation of subjective perception of faces.

scholarly journals Gamma oscillations during episodic memory processing reveal reversal of information flow between the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Seger ◽  
Michael D. Rugg ◽  
Bradley C. Lega
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Episodic Memory ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Gamma Oscillations ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Memory Processing ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Intracranial Electrodes ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Band Activity

AbstractA critical and emerging question in human episodic memory is how the hippocampus interacts with the prefrontal cortex during the encoding and retrieval of items and their contexts. In the present study, participants performed an episodic memory task (free recall) while intracranial electrodes were simultaneously inserted into the hippocampus and multiple prefrontal locations, allowing the quantification of relative onset times of gamma band activity in the cortex and the hippocampus in the same individual. We observed that in left anterior ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (aVLPFC) gamma band activity onset was significantly later than in the hippocampus during memory encoding, whereas its activity significantly preceded that in the hippocampus during memory retrieval. These findings provide direct evidence to support models of prefrontal-hippocampal interactions derived from studies of rodents, but suggest that in humans, it is the aVLPFC rather than medial prefrontal cortex that demonstrate these reciprocal interactions.

scholarly journals Implications of gamma band activity in the pedunculopontine nucleus

2015 ◽  
Vol 123 (7) ◽  
pp. 655-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Garcia-Rill ◽  
B. Luster ◽  
S. D’Onofrio ◽  
S. Mahaffey ◽  
V. Bisagno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

scholarly journals Pedunculopontine Nucleus Gamma Band Activity-Preconscious Awareness, Waking, and REM Sleep

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Urbano ◽  
Stasia M. D’Onofrio ◽  
Brennon R. Luster ◽  
Paige B. Beck ◽  
James Robert Hyde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Pedunculopontine Nucleus ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Band Activity

scholarly journals Cholinergic and glutamatergic agonists induce gamma frequency activity in dorsal subcoeruleus nucleus neurons

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (2) ◽  
pp. C327-C335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christen Simon ◽  
Nebojsa Kezunovic ◽  
D. Keith Williams ◽  
Francisco J. Urbano ◽  
E. Garcia-Rill
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Channel ◽  
Receptor Agonist ◽  
Gamma Band ◽  
Population Responses ◽  
Gamma Frequency ◽  
Subthreshold Oscillations ◽  
Channel Dependent ◽  
Gamma Band Activity ◽  
Subcoeruleus Nucleus ◽  
Band Activity

The dorsal subcoeruleus nucleus (SubCD) is involved in generating two signs of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep: muscle atonia and ponto-geniculo-occipital (PGO) waves. We tested the hypothesis that single cell and/or population responses of SubCD neurons are capable of generating gamma frequency activity in response to intracellular stimulation or receptor agonist activation. Whole cell patch clamp recordings (immersion chamber) and population responses (interface chamber) were conducted on 9- to 20-day-old rat brain stem slices. All SubCD neurons ( n = 103) fired at gamma frequency when subjected to depolarizing steps. Two statistically distinct populations of neurons were observed, which were distinguished by their high (>80 Hz, n = 24) versus low (35–80 Hz, n = 16) initial firing frequencies. Both cell types exhibited subthreshold oscillations in the gamma range ( n = 43), which may underlie the gamma band firing properties of these neurons. The subthreshold oscillations were blocked by the sodium channel blockers tetrodotoxin (TTX, n = 21) extracellularly and N-(2,6-dimethylphenylcarbamoylmethyl)triethylammonium bromide (QX-314) intracellularly ( n = 5), indicating they were sodium channel dependent. Gamma frequency subthreshold oscillations were observed in response to the nonspecific cholinergic receptor agonist carbachol (CAR, n = 11, d = 1.08) and the glutamate receptor agonists N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA, n = 12, d = 1.09) and kainic acid (KA, n = 13, d = 0.96), indicating that cholinergic and glutamatergic inputs may be involved in the activation of these subthreshold currents. Gamma band activity also was observed in population responses following application of CAR ( n = 4, P < 0.05), NMDA ( n = 4, P < 0.05) and KA ( n = 4, P < 0.05). Voltage-sensitive, sodium channel-dependent gamma band activity appears to be a part of the intrinsic membrane properties of SubCD neurons.

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