Analysis of X-Ray Diffraction Data for the Characterization of Residual Stress

1991 ◽  
Vol 35 (A) ◽  
pp. 561-569
Author(s):  
Jun S. Park ◽  
James F. Shackelford
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Diffraction Angle ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Depth Ranges

AbstractThe analysis of linear dϕψ vs sin2ψ x-ray diffraction data in isotropic single phase materials was investigated for the evaluation of x-ray elastic constants. This study developed an experimental model for estimating x-ray elastic constants based on the analysis of biaxial residual stress states, A ball bearing steel and a 1018 steel weldment were evaluated.In a second study, the measurement of residual stress gradients was evaluated for those depth ranges mat can not be evaluated with a single radiation. This requires various planes and radiation energies to obtain the simultaneous conditions of high diffraction angle and large x-ray penetration depth. The evaluation of the overlapped stress gradient region is illustrated in terms of x-ray energy and diffraction angle for the ease of iron. This analysis is specifically developed for the purpose of stress gradient measurement using synchrotron radiation.

scholarly journals Statistical analysis of the reproducibility of residual stress measurements in cold extruded parts

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabian Jaeger ◽  
Alessandro Franceschi ◽  
Holger Hoche ◽  
Peter Groche ◽  
Matthias Oechsner
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Stress Measurement ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Cold Extrusion ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Forming Process ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Key Aspects

AbstractCold extruded components are characterized by residual stresses, which originate from the experienced manufacturing process. For industrial applications, reproducibility and homogeneity of the final components are key aspects for an optimized quality control. Although striving to obtain identical deformation and surface conditions, fluctuation in the manufacturing parameters and contact shear conditions during the forming process may lead to variations of the spatial residual stress distribution in the final product. This could lead to a dependency of the residual stress measurement results on the relative axial and circumferential position on the sample. An attempt to examine this problem is made by the employment of design of experiments (DoE) methods. A statistical analysis of the residual stress results generated through X-Ray diffraction is performed. Additionally, the ability of cold extrusion processes to generate uniform stress states is analyzed on specimens of austenitic stainless steel 1.4404 and possible correlations with the pre-deformed condition are statistically examined. Moreover, the influence of the coating, consisting of oxalate and a MoS2 based lubricant, on the X-Ray diffraction measurements of the surface is investigated.

Direct X-Ray Measurement of Residual Strains in Textured Steel

1983 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 197-206
Author(s):  
C. P. Gazzara
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Crystal Lattice ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Random Distribution ◽  
Elastic Anisotropy ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Residual Strains ◽  
Residual Stress Analysis ◽  
Textured Materials

One of the most detrimental effects on the accuracy of an X-ray diffraction residual stress analysis, XRDRSA(l), is found in the examination of textured materials. The degree of elastic anisotropy and texture is in general agreement with the extent of the error in the residual stress. Several approaches have been made to correct for the effects of texture, particularly involving experimental techniques. Reviews of such efforts are given by H. D811e(2), v.M. Hauk﹛3) and G. Maeder, J.L. Lebrun and J.M. Sprauel (4), just to mention a few.A brief chronology of the texture corrections involved in XRDRSA follows. With isotropic materials the d spacing of a crystal lattice, d, is assumed to vary linearly with sin2ψ. With textured materials the d vs sin2ψ relationship is nonlinear. This is due to the anisotropy of the elastic constants and their departure from a random distribution, or taking on a preferred orientation.

scholarly journals Stress Gradient Analysis by Noncomplanar x-Ray Diffraction and Corresponding Refraction Correction

2014 ◽  
Vol 996 ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrei Benediktovitch ◽  
Tatjana Ulyanenkova ◽  
Jozef Keckes ◽  
Alex Ulyanenkov
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Gradient Analysis ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Nondestructive Technique ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Tin Coatings ◽  
Measurement Geometry

X-ray residual stress analysis is a widespread nondestructive technique to investigate the residual stress and residual stress gradient in thin films and protective coatings.In the present contribution we introduce a new method based on the noncomplanar measurement geometry that allow to span large area of sin2ψ and penetration depth values without sample inclination. The refraction correction and absorption is considered in details for the noncomplanar measurements. The proposed technique is applied to determine stress gradients of blasted hard TiN coatings.

Influence of Surface Roughness on the Quality of Data Obtained by Pseudo-Grazing Incidence X-Ray Diffraction

2006 ◽  
Vol 514-516 ◽  
pp. 1618-1622 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria José Marques ◽  
J.C.P. Pina ◽  
A. Morão Dias
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Stress Gradient ◽  
Roughness Parameter ◽  
Diffraction Method ◽  
Grazing Incidence ◽  
Bragg Diffraction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Residual Surface Stress ◽  
X Ray

The conventional Bragg diffraction geometry, normally used to characterize the residual surface stress state, it is not suitable to evaluate surface treated materials and thin films. The X-ray path lengths through a surface layer or thin film are too short to produce adequate diffraction intensities in relation to the bulk or the substrate. Another limitation of the conventional technique appears when a residual stress gradient is present in the irradiated surface. The technique only enables the evaluation of the mean value of this gradient. In these cases, a recently proposed Pseudo-Grazing Incident X-ray Diffraction method would be better applicable. In this study, the Pseudo-Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffraction is applied to characterize the residual stress depth profiles of several AISI 4140 samples, which were prepared, by mechanical polishing and grinding, in order to present different surface roughness parameters, Ra. The experimental results lead to the conclusion that the surface roughness limits the application of the Pseudo-Grazing Incidence methodology to a minimum X-ray incident angle. This angle is the one that enables a mean X-ray penetration depth with the same order of magnitude of the sample surface roughness parameter, Ra.

Combined Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction Analysis for the Characterization of a Case Hardened Disc

2010 ◽  
Vol 652 ◽  
pp. 37-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeremy Epp ◽  
Thomas Hirsch ◽  
Martin Hunkel ◽  
Robert C. Wimpory
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Neutron Diffraction ◽  
Diffraction Analysis ◽  
Force Balance ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Residual Stress State ◽  
Systematic Uncertainties ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Stress States

The present work has been executed within the framework of the collaborative research center on Distortion Engineering (SFB 570) in order to evaluate the residual stress state of a disc after carburizing and quenching as well as to validate a simulation procedure. The combined use of X-ray and neutron diffraction analysis provided information about the residual stress states in the whole cross section. However, the stress free lattice spacing d0 for the neutron diffraction experiments is problematic and induces systematic uncertainties in the results and the application of a force balance condition to recalculate d0 might be a solution for improving the reliability of the results. Comparison of experimental results with simulation showed that an overall satisfying agreement is reached but discrepancies are still present.

Measurement of the elastic constants of textured anisotropic thin films from x-ray diffraction data

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.-O. Renault ◽  
E. Le Bourhis ◽  
P. Villain ◽  
Ph. Goudeau ◽  
K. F. Badawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Elastic Constants ◽  
Diffraction Data ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray
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