scholarly journals Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Retroperitoneum with Extensive Leiomyosarcomatous Differentiation and -Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Production

Sarcoma ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Russell ◽  
Frederick L. Flynt ◽  
Allyson L. Harroff ◽  
Oluwole Fadare
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Maximum Serum ◽  
Metastatic Sites ◽  
The Right

Dedifferentiated liposarcomas may display a variety of “heterologous” lines of differentiation, including osseous, vascular, skeletal, and/or smooth muscular. There have been six previously reported examples of leiomyosarcomas associated with high levels of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production, comprised of cases originating from the retroperitoneum, spermatic cord, small intestine, and uterus. This report describes the first example of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma that combined both of the aforementioned features: extensive heterologous (leiomyosarcomatous) differentiationand-hCG production (maximum serum levels 1046 mIU/ml, reference  mIU/ml). The tumor, which originated in the retroperitoneum in the region of the right kidney, was rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal within three months of its diagnosis. In addition to characteristic morphologic features, lipogenic and smooth muscle differentiation were confirmed with immunohistochemical stains for MDM2 and smooth muscle actin, respectively. The tumor also displayed diffuse immunoreactivity for -hCG in both primary and metastatic sites. This case further expands the clinicopathologic spectrum of lipogenic tumors.

scholarly journals Expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the periodontal ligament during post-emergent tooth eruption

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 2423-2435
Author(s):  
Domna Dorotheou ◽  
Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat ◽  
Catherine Giannopoulou ◽  
Stavros Kiliaridis
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Periodontal Ligament ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Root Apex ◽  
Tooth Eruption ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
The Right

Objective This study was performed to explore the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of young and adult rats during post-emergent tooth eruption in opposed and unopposed teeth at two time points: 3 and 15 days after antagonist loss. Methods Four-week-old (n = 20) and 22-week-old (n = 20) male Wistar rats were used. The right maxillary molar crowns were cut down. PDL samples were isolated from the first mandibular molars at two time points: 3 and 15 days after cut-down of the right maxillary molars. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect differences in α-SMA expression in the PDL tissues of unopposed versus opposed molars. Results α-SMA was upregulated in the PDL of the unopposed molars in the 3-day group of young rats. The region around the root apex of the unopposed molars in this group exhibited strong immunostaining for α-SMA. The expression level and immunoreactivity of α-SMA did not differ in both time points in young controls and among all the adult groups. Conclusion α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts are implicated in post-emergent tooth eruption of unopposed molars of young animals.

scholarly journals Is Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis Gas-Distended and Ruptured Lymphatics?: Reappraisal by Immunohistochemistry

2014 ◽  
Vol 138 (8) ◽  
pp. 1059-1066 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianyong Gui ◽  
Yi Zhou ◽  
Leslie Eidus ◽  
Vincent Falck ◽  
Zu-hua Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Linear Structure ◽  
Giant Cells ◽  
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Lymphatic Endothelial Cells ◽  
Diverse Background ◽  
The Right ◽  
Age Range

Context.—Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a condition with multiple gas-filled cysts within the bowel wall, associated with diverse background diseases. Its pathogenesis is still a mystery. Some previous observations scattered in the literature have suggested an association of the cystic spaces in PCI with the lymphatics. Objective.—To further investigate whether PCI results from the ballooning of gas-filled lymphatic channels. Design.—We did immunostaining of podoplanin, a mucoprotein preferentially expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, in 13 cases (8 men, 5 women; age range, 18–80 years) of PCI. Ten cases were diagnosed in resected segments of bowel and 3 in biopsies. Pneumatosis was seen in the right side of the colon (9 cases), transverse colon (1 case), sigmoid colon (1 case), and small bowel (2 cases). In addition, immunostaining for CD31, calretinin, WT1, CD68, smooth muscle actin, desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratins was also performed for comparison and correlation. Results.—A strong immunopositivity of podoplanin was seen in a condensed linear structure in the pericystic interstitium in 100% of the cases, but was not seen in the overlying giant and flat cells that were all CD68-positive histiocytes. Meanwhile, the podoplanin-expressing structure was negative for calretinin and WT1, which ruled out the possible mesothelial origin. There were coexistent variable immunopositivity of smooth muscle actin, which suggests an admixture of myofibroblasts. These findings indicated that the PCI cases were gas-distended lymphatics with the lymphatic epithelium ruptured and embedded in the reactive histiocytes and giant cells. Conclusion.—Our findings support the lymphatic theory about the pathogenesis of PCI.

scholarly journals α-Smooth Muscle Actin Is Crucial for Focal Adhesion Maturation in Myofibroblasts

2003 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 2508-2519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Boris Hinz ◽  
Vera Dugina ◽  
Christoph Ballestrem ◽  
Bernhard Wehrle-Haller ◽  
Christine Chaponnier
Keyword(s):  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Contractile Activity ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Focal Adhesions ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Stress Fibers ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Cytoplasmic Actin ◽  
Β3 Integrin ◽  
Two Phases

Cultured myofibroblasts are characterized by stress fibers, containing α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and by supermature focal adhesions (FAs), which are larger than FAs of α-SMA–negative fibroblasts. We have investigated the role of α-SMA for myofibroblast adhesion and FA maturation. Inverted centrifugation reveals two phases of initial myofibroblast attachment: during the first 2 h of plating microfilament bundles contain essentially cytoplasmic actin and myofibroblast adhesion is similar to that of α-SMA–negative fibroblasts. Then, myofibroblasts incorporate α-SMA in stress fibers, develop mature FAs and their adhesion capacity is significantly increased. When α-SMA expression is induced in 5 d culture by TGFβ or low serum levels, fibroblast adhesion is further increased correlating with a “supermaturation” of FAs. Treatment of myofibroblasts with α-SMA fusion peptide (SMA-FP), which inhibits α-SMA–mediated contractile activity, reduces their adhesion to the level of α-SMA negative fibroblasts. With the use of flexible micropatterned substrates and EGFP-constructs we show that SMA-FP application leads to a decrease of myofibroblast contraction, shortly followed by disassembly of paxillin- and β3 integrin-containing FAs; α5 integrin distribution is not affected. FRAP of β3 integrin-EGFP demonstrates an increase of FA protein turnover following SMA-FP treatment. We conclude that the formation and stability of supermature FAs depends on a high α-SMA–mediated contractile activity of myofibroblast stress fibers.

Primary leiomyoma of the thyroid gland

2003 ◽  
Vol 117 (10) ◽  
pp. 832-834 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suna Erkiliç ◽  
Ahmet Erkiliç ◽  
Yildirim A. Bayazit
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Subtotal Thyroidectomy ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Thyroid Lobe ◽  
Surgical Specimen ◽  
Spindle Cells ◽  
The Right

Primary thyroid leiomyomas are rare, and only four cases have been reported to date. This is a report of an additional case of primary thyroid leiomyoma in a 40-year-old male who was admitted with a painless swelling in the right thyroid lobe and underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. The surgical specimen showed a well-circumscribed, greyish-white solid nodule. Histologically, the tumour was composed of spindle cells with blunt-ended nuclei that were arranged with short intersecting bundles.Immunohistochemical staining revealed reactivity with smooth muscle actin, vimentin and desmin. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical assessments produced the diagnosis of thyroid leiomyoma.Although primary thyroid leiomyoma is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cold thyroid nodule.

scholarly journals Cytotoxic Influence of Khat (Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl) on Oral Fibroblasts, Squamous Carcinoma Cells, and Expression of α Smooth Muscle Actin

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3524
Author(s):  
Azeem Ul Yaqin Syed ◽  
Muhammad A. Ahmed ◽  
Eman I. AlSagob ◽  
Mansour Al-Askar ◽  
Abdulrahman M. AlMubarak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Death ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Smooth Muscle Actin ◽  
Control Cell ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma ◽  
Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Muscle Actin ◽  
Catha Edulis ◽  
Squamous Carcinoma Cells ◽  
Dose Dependent

The aim was to determine the cytotoxicity of Khat (Catha edulis (Vahl) Forssk. ex Endl) on normal oral fibroblasts (NOFs) and SCC4 (squamous carcinoma cells) along with expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in fibroblasts. Khat filtrate was prepared to obtain a concentrated viscous solution. NOFs and SCC4 cells were cultured in biological cabinets and were grown in Dulbeccos’ modified Eagles medium. Frozen cells were thawed at 37 °C and cell seeding was performed. NOFs and SCC4 cells were seeded on 96 well plates and allowed to attach. The medium was removed and a fresh medium containing different concentrations of Khat was added. The group without Khat served as a negative control and 4% paraformaldehyde as the positive control. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay and effect of Khat on fibroblast and SCC4 phenotypes was evaluated by immunostaining. Analysis of variance was used to assess data (p < 0.05). NOF 316 showed cell death in response to 4% paraformaldehyde, 12.5, 6.25, and 3.12 mg/mL of Khat. The highest concentration of Khat (25 mg/mL) failed to cause cytotoxicity of NOF 316. NOF 319 and NOF 26 displayed cell death at all concentrations of Khat, however, cytotoxicity was not dose dependent. NOF 18 and SCC4 cells showed dose-dependent cell death. NOF 316 showed α-SMA expression after 1 mg/mL of Khat exposure. Not all fibroblasts were α-SMA-positive, suggesting specific activation of a subset of fibroblasts. Khat is cytotoxic to NOF and SCC4 cells. Furthermore, it can also cause activation and phenotypic changes in oral fibroblasts, indicating a potential role in progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma.

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