Is Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis Gas-Distended and Ruptured Lymphatics?: Reappraisal by Immunohistochemistry

Context.—Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis (PCI) is a condition with multiple gas-filled cysts within the bowel wall, associated with diverse background diseases. Its pathogenesis is still a mystery. Some previous observations scattered in the literature have suggested an association of the cystic spaces in PCI with the lymphatics. Objective.—To further investigate whether PCI results from the ballooning of gas-filled lymphatic channels. Design.—We did immunostaining of podoplanin, a mucoprotein preferentially expressed in lymphatic endothelial cells, in 13 cases (8 men, 5 women; age range, 18–80 years) of PCI. Ten cases were diagnosed in resected segments of bowel and 3 in biopsies. Pneumatosis was seen in the right side of the colon (9 cases), transverse colon (1 case), sigmoid colon (1 case), and small bowel (2 cases). In addition, immunostaining for CD31, calretinin, WT1, CD68, smooth muscle actin, desmin, vimentin, and cytokeratins was also performed for comparison and correlation. Results.—A strong immunopositivity of podoplanin was seen in a condensed linear structure in the pericystic interstitium in 100% of the cases, but was not seen in the overlying giant and flat cells that were all CD68-positive histiocytes. Meanwhile, the podoplanin-expressing structure was negative for calretinin and WT1, which ruled out the possible mesothelial origin. There were coexistent variable immunopositivity of smooth muscle actin, which suggests an admixture of myofibroblasts. These findings indicated that the PCI cases were gas-distended lymphatics with the lymphatic epithelium ruptured and embedded in the reactive histiocytes and giant cells. Conclusion.—Our findings support the lymphatic theory about the pathogenesis of PCI.

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Expression of α-smooth muscle actin in the periodontal ligament during post-emergent tooth eruption

Journal of International Medical Research ◽

10.1177/0300060518769545 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 46 (6) ◽

pp. 2423-2435

Author(s):

Domna Dorotheou ◽

Marie-Luce Bochaton-Piallat ◽

Catherine Giannopoulou ◽

Stavros Kiliaridis

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Periodontal Ligament ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Root Apex ◽

Tooth Eruption ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Adult Rats ◽

Time Points ◽

Male Wistar Rats ◽

The Right

Objective This study was performed to explore the expression of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in the periodontal ligament (PDL) of young and adult rats during post-emergent tooth eruption in opposed and unopposed teeth at two time points: 3 and 15 days after antagonist loss. Methods Four-week-old (n = 20) and 22-week-old (n = 20) male Wistar rats were used. The right maxillary molar crowns were cut down. PDL samples were isolated from the first mandibular molars at two time points: 3 and 15 days after cut-down of the right maxillary molars. Quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemical staining were performed to detect differences in α-SMA expression in the PDL tissues of unopposed versus opposed molars. Results α-SMA was upregulated in the PDL of the unopposed molars in the 3-day group of young rats. The region around the root apex of the unopposed molars in this group exhibited strong immunostaining for α-SMA. The expression level and immunoreactivity of α-SMA did not differ in both time points in young controls and among all the adult groups. Conclusion α-SMA-positive myofibroblasts are implicated in post-emergent tooth eruption of unopposed molars of young animals.

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Vaginal fibroleiomyoma in a cow: a case report

Veterinární Medicína ◽

10.17221/7/2009-vetmed ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 54 (No. 3) ◽

pp. 138-141 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Timurkaan ◽

M. Aydin ◽

F. Yilmaz ◽

A. Cevik

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Vaginal Wall ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Vaginal Route ◽

Immunohistochemical Examination ◽

Brown Swiss ◽

Cd 68 ◽

The Masses

: This paper describes a case of fibroleiomyoma seen in the vagina of a cow, diagnosed on the basis of macroscopic, microscopic and immunohistochemical findings. A five year-old female, Simmental and Brown Swiss crossbreed cow presented with six neoplastic masses located on the vaginal wall. The masses were surgically removed through the vaginal route and were firm and well demarcated. Microscopic examination showed that the non-encapsulated neoplastic nodules consisted of the admixture of smooth muscle and connective tissue. Immunohistochemical examination revealed strong focal positive reactions for smooth muscle actin and vimentin, but no positive reaction for CD 68. The tumour reported here was considered benign because of the lack of clear pleomorphism, invasivness, multinuclear giant cells and atypia, and low mitotic activity.

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Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma of the Retroperitoneum with Extensive Leiomyosarcomatous Differentiation and -Human Chorionic Gonadotropin Production

Sarcoma ◽

10.1155/2008/658090 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 2008 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Michael J. Russell ◽

Frederick L. Flynt ◽

Allyson L. Harroff ◽

Oluwole Fadare

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Dedifferentiated Liposarcoma ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Maximum Serum ◽

Metastatic Sites ◽

The Right

Dedifferentiated liposarcomas may display a variety of “heterologous” lines of differentiation, including osseous, vascular, skeletal, and/or smooth muscular. There have been six previously reported examples of leiomyosarcomas associated with high levels of serum human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) production, comprised of cases originating from the retroperitoneum, spermatic cord, small intestine, and uterus. This report describes the first example of a dedifferentiated liposarcoma that combined both of the aforementioned features: extensive heterologous (leiomyosarcomatous) differentiationand-hCG production (maximum serum levels 1046 mIU/ml, reference mIU/ml). The tumor, which originated in the retroperitoneum in the region of the right kidney, was rapidly progressive and ultimately fatal within three months of its diagnosis. In addition to characteristic morphologic features, lipogenic and smooth muscle differentiation were confirmed with immunohistochemical stains for MDM2 and smooth muscle actin, respectively. The tumor also displayed diffuse immunoreactivity for -hCG in both primary and metastatic sites. This case further expands the clinicopathologic spectrum of lipogenic tumors.

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Primary leiomyoma of the thyroid gland

The Journal of Laryngology & Otology ◽

10.1258/002221503770716322 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 117 (10) ◽

pp. 832-834 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Suna Erkiliç ◽

Ahmet Erkiliç ◽

Yildirim A. Bayazit

Keyword(s):

Differential Diagnosis ◽

Smooth Muscle ◽

Immunohistochemical Staining ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Subtotal Thyroidectomy ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Thyroid Lobe ◽

Surgical Specimen ◽

Spindle Cells ◽

The Right

Primary thyroid leiomyomas are rare, and only four cases have been reported to date. This is a report of an additional case of primary thyroid leiomyoma in a 40-year-old male who was admitted with a painless swelling in the right thyroid lobe and underwent subtotal thyroidectomy. The surgical specimen showed a well-circumscribed, greyish-white solid nodule. Histologically, the tumour was composed of spindle cells with blunt-ended nuclei that were arranged with short intersecting bundles.Immunohistochemical staining revealed reactivity with smooth muscle actin, vimentin and desmin. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical assessments produced the diagnosis of thyroid leiomyoma.Although primary thyroid leiomyoma is rare, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of a cold thyroid nodule.

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Myoepithelial Carcinoma of the Paracecal Mesentery: Aggressive Behavior of a Rare Neoplasm at an Unusual Anatomic Site

Rare Tumors ◽

10.4081/rt.2017.6504 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 38-41 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Khin Thway ◽

Jonathan Noujaim ◽

D. Michael Thomas ◽

Cyril Fisher ◽

Robin L. Jones

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Aggressive Behavior ◽

Soft Tissues ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

S100 Protein ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Anatomic Site ◽

Pathologic Features ◽

Age Range ◽

Rare Group

Myoepithelial tumors of the soft tissues represent a rare group of neoplasms that vary in their clinical behavior, pathologic features and genetics. They are histopathologically typified by a myoepithelial immunohistochemical phenotype, of expression of one or more epithelial markers, S100 protein and smooth muscle actin. Because of their rarity and occurrence over a wide age range and at a variety of anatomic sites, they can be difficult to diagnose due to the lack of familiarity by physicians, which is compounded by their spectrum of histologic features and morphologic overlap with several other neoplasms. Recent genetic insights have aided classification, and it is increasingly understood that soft tissue myoepithelial neoplasms can be stratified into two distinct morphologic and genetic subgroups. We describe a case of a 44-year-old man who was diagnosed with a primary myoepithelial neoplasm of the paracecal mesentery, which showed aggressive local recurrence after four years. The tumor was composed of cords of ovoid cells within chondromyxoid stroma, and displayed a characteristic pancytokeratin, S100 protein and smooth muscle actin-positive myoepithelial immunoprofile. Primary myoepithelioma has not been previously described at this site, and this case highlights this varied family of tumors, emphasizes the need to consider myoepithelial tumor in the differential diagnoses of carcinoma variants occurring in the bowel or mesentery, and also adds to the number of reported myoepithelial neoplasms showing markedly aggressive behavior.

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Piloleiomyosarcoma in cats: Histological and immunohistochemical features

Veterinary Pathology ◽

10.1177/03009858211042582 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 030098582110425

Author(s):

Francisco Rodríguez Guisado ◽

Pedro Luis Castro

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Subcutaneous Tissue ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Neuron Specific Enolase ◽

Surgical Excision ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Hair Follicles ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Neoplastic Cells ◽

S 100

This study describes the histomorphology and immunohistochemical profile of 9 cases of feline piloleiomyosarcoma. Cats ranged in age from 7 to 16 years (mean 10), and tumors were 7 to 24 mm in diameter (mean 15). Tumors were composed of fusiform cells that were haphazardly arranged or in variably sized interwoven bundles. Neoplastic cells had eosinophilic and fibrillar cytoplasm, and elongated blunt-ended nuclei. Entrapment of hair follicles and absence of vascular components support an origin from the smooth muscle cells of the arrector pili. Additional findings included bizarre nuclei and giant cells (7/9 cases), atypical mitoses (7/9 cases), ulceration (3/9 cases), and intratumoral necrosis (6/9 cases). Neoplastic cells expressed calponin, desmin, α-smooth muscle actin, and vimentin, but not CD18, CD31, cytokeratins, glial fibrillary acidic protein, neuron-specific enolase, Melan A, p63, or S-100 protein. Surgical excision was curative in 6/9 cases, with local recurrence in 2/9 cases and metastasis to local lymph nodes in 1/9 case. Clinical outcome was influenced by mitotic count, infiltration of subcutaneous tissue, and intensity of nuclear immunolabeling for p53.

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Primary Hepatic Leiomyosarcoma: a Case Report and Review of the Literature

Acta Medica (Hradec Kralove Czech Republic) ◽

10.14712/18059694.2018.135 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 61 (4) ◽

pp. 153-157 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Themistoklis Feretis ◽

Ioannis D. Kostakis ◽

Christos Damaskos ◽

Nikolaos Garmpis ◽

Dimitrios Mantas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Poor Prognosis ◽

Clinical Presentation ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Rare Type ◽

Intrahepatic Bile Ducts ◽

Age Range

Background/Aim: Primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare type of liver sarcoma with relatively poor prognosis, with about 50 cases having been reported in the literature. Potential origins of this tumor in the liver are the smooth muscle cells in the round ligament, intrahepatic blood vessels and intrahepatic bile ducts. There is no apparent sex predilection and there is a wide age range. The clinical presentation is not specific and the diagnosis depends on the expression of markers such as smooth muscle actin, desmin and vimentin by tumor cells. Patients and Methods: Herein, we present a case of a bulky primary hepatic leiomyosarcoma in a 68-year-old female patient. The patient underwent resection of the exophytic mass en block with the hepatic segments III and IVB. Conclusion: Surgical resection is the most effective among the treatment options.

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Immunohistochemical Comparison of p53, Ki-67, CD68, Vimentin, α-smooth Muscle Actin and Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin in Oral Peripheral and Central Giant Cell Granuloma

The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice ◽

10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1629 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 20-24 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Omar Kujan ◽

Ahmad Zahi Al-Shawaf ◽

Saleh Azzeghaiby ◽

Ahmad AlManadille ◽

Kusay Aziz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Smooth Muscle ◽

Giant Cell ◽

Mononuclear Cells ◽

Smooth Muscle Actin ◽

Giant Cells ◽

Molecular Techniques ◽

Muscle Actin ◽

Giant Cell Granuloma ◽

Ki 67 ◽

Central Giant Cell Granuloma

ABSTRACT Introduction Giant cell lesions are characterised histologically by multinucleated giant cells in a background of ovoid to spindleshaped mesenchymal cells. There is a major debate whether these lesions are separate entities or variants of the same disease. Our aim was to study the nature of multinucleated and mononuclear cells from peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG), and central giant cell granuloma (CGCG) and giant cell tumor (GCT) of long bones using immunohistochemistry evaluation and to determine whether there is a correlation between recurrence and the markers used. Materials and methods Ki-67, p53, Vimentin, smooth muscle specific actin, CD68 and alpha-1-antichymotrypsin were used to study 60 giant cell lesions. These included 26 CGCG, 28 PGCG, and 6 GCT cases using an avidin-biotin-complex immunohistochemistry standard method. Results All studied cases showed the same results except the percentage of Ki-67 positive mononuclear cells in PGCG was significantly higher than that of both CGCG and GCT (p < 0.05). Interestingly, no statistical correlation between recurrence and the markers used was found. Conclusion Our results may suggest that these lesions have the same histogenesis. The mononuclear stromal cells, both histiocytic and myofibroblastic, are thought to be responsible for the behavior of these lesions whereas the multinucleated cells are considered as reactive. This might support the argument that PGCG, CGCG and GCT are different variants for the same disease. Further studies using molecular techniques are required to elucidate why some of these lesions behave aggressively than others. How to cite this article Kujan O, Al-Shawaf AZ, Azzeghaiby S, AlManadille A, Aziz K, Raheel SA. Immunohistochemical Comparison of p53, Ki-67, CD68, Vimentin, α-smooth Muscle Actin and Alpha-1-Antichymotrypsin in Oral Peripheral and Central Giant Cell Granuloma. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(1):20-24.

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