Lipid Measures and Cardiovascular Disease Prediction

Traditional lipid measures are the cornerstone of risk assessment and treatment goals in cardiovascular prevention. Whereas the association between total, LDL-, HDL-cholesterol and cardiovascular disease risk has been generally acknowledged, the rather poor capacity to distinguish between patients who will and those who will not develop cardiovascular disease has prompted the search for further refinement of these traditional measures. A thorough understanding of lipid metabolism is mandatory to understand recent developments in this area. After a brief overview of lipid metabolism we will discuss the epidemiological data of total, LDL- and HDL-cholesterol and focus on recent advances in measurements of these lipoproteins. In addition we will discuss the role of triglycerides and the apolipoprotein B–A-I ratio on the incidence of cardiovascular disease.

Download Full-text

Large-Scale Analysis of Apolipoprotein CIII Glycosylation by Ultrahigh Resolution Mass Spectrometry

Frontiers in Chemistry ◽

10.3389/fchem.2021.678883 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Demus ◽

Annemieke Naber ◽

Viktoria Dotz ◽

Bas C. Jansen ◽

Marco R. Bladergroen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Lipid Metabolism ◽

Large Scale ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Sinapinic Acid ◽

Chemical Oxidation ◽

Ultrahigh Resolution ◽

Apolipoprotein Ciii

Apolipoprotein-CIII (apo-CIII) is a glycoprotein involved in lipid metabolism and its levels are associated with cardiovascular disease risk. Apo-CIII sialylation is associated with improved plasma triglyceride levels and its glycosylation may have an effect on the clearance of triglyceride-rich lipoproteins by directing these particles to different metabolic pathways. Large-scale sample cohort studies are required to fully elucidate the role of apo-CIII glycosylation in lipid metabolism and associated cardiovascular disease. In this study, we revisited a high-throughput workflow for the analysis of intact apo-CIII by ultrahigh-resolution MALDI FT-ICR MS. The workflow includes a chemical oxidation step to reduce methionine oxidation heterogeneity and spectrum complexity. Sinapinic acid matrix was used to minimize the loss of sialic acids upon MALDI. MassyTools software was used to standardize and automate MS data processing and quality control. This method was applied on 771 plasma samples from individuals without diabetes allowing for an evaluation of the expression levels of apo-CIII glycoforms against a panel of lipid biomarkers demonstrating the validity of the method. Our study supports the hypothesis that triglyceride clearance may be regulated, or at least strongly influenced by apo-CIII sialylation. Interestingly, the association of apo-CIII glycoforms with triglyceride levels was found to be largely independent of body mass index. Due to its precision and throughput, the new workflow will allow studying the role of apo-CIII in the regulation of lipid metabolism in various disease settings.

Download Full-text