scholarly journals Use of Factory-Waste Shingles and Cement Kiln Dust to Enhance the Performance of Soil Used in Road Works

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aly Ahmed ◽  
Medhat Shehata ◽  
Said Easa
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Capillary Rise ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Fine Grained Soil ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Kiln Dust

An experimental work was conducted to study the use of factory-waste roof shingles to enhance the properties of fine-grained soil used in road works. Cement kiln dust (CKD), a cogenerated product of Portland cement manufacturing, was used as a stabilizing agent while the processed shingles were added to enhance the soil tensile strength. The effects of shingles on strength and stability were evaluated using the unconfined compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR) tests. The results showed that the use of CKD alone resulted in a considerable increase in the unconfined compressive strength but had a small effect on the tensile strength. The addition of shingles substantially improved the tensile strength of the stabilized soil. A significant reduction in the capillary rise and a slight decrease in the permeability were obtained as a result of shingle addition. An optimal shingle content of 10% is recommended to stabilize the soil.

Evaluation of Cement Kiln Dust-Stabilized Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement Aggregate Systems in Road Bases

2003 ◽  
Vol 1819 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramzi Taha
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Dry Density ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Reclaimed Asphalt ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Road Bases

Road rehabilitation and reconstruction generate large supplies of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) aggregate, and recycling into asphalt paving mixtures is the predominant application. Cement kiln dust (CKD), also known as cement bypass dust, is a by-product material generated during production of portland cement. In Oman, where recycling of pavement materials is not practiced, a first attempt was made at combining two by-product materials for use in road construction. Conservation of natural resources and preservation of the environment are two benefits that could be gained by reusing waste materials. The potential use in road bases of CKD-stabilized RAP and RAP with virgin aggregate mixtures was investigated. Physical, compaction, and unconfined compressive strength tests were conducted on RAP and virgin aggregate blends of 100% to 0%, 90% to 10%, 80% to 20%, and 0% to 100%. Samples were prepared using CKD at 0%, 3%, 5%, 7%, 10%, 15%, and 20% and were cured for 3, 7, and 28 days in plastic bags at room temperature. Results indicate that the maximum dry density and unconfined compressive strength of RAP generally increase with addition of virgin aggregate and CKD. The moisture content-dry density curves for CKD-stabilized RAP aggregate mixtures did not show a distinctive peak similar to that of the 100% virgin aggregate blend. Longer curing periods will produce higher strength values. CKD content of 15% seems to be the optimum for achieving maximum strength.

scholarly journals Microanalysis and Compactive Efforts Study of Black Cotton Soil Treated With Cement Kiln Dust

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anigilaje B Salahudeen ◽  
Adrian O. Eberemu ◽  
Kolawole J. Osinubi
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Laboratory Tests ◽  
Black Cotton Soil ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
British Standard ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Scanning Electron

An expansive clay, also known as Black cotton soil (BCS) was treated with up to 10 % cement kiln dust (CKD) using three different compactive efforts; British Standard light (BSL), West African Standard (WAS) and British Standard heavy (BSH) energies. Laboratory tests were performed on the natural soil and CKD treated soil samples in accordance with BS 1377 (1990) and BS 1924 (1990) respectively with the aim of improving the deficient soil to meet engineering requirements. Preliminary evaluations on the natural black cotton soil showed that it fell under A-7-6 (16) using AASHTO classification and CL according to Unified Soil Classification System (USCS). Results of laboratory tests carried out on soil specimens show that the properties of the soil generally improved with CKD treatment. Peak unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values of 357.07, 382.49 and 528.82 kN/m2 and California bearing ratio (CBR) of 7, 10 and 19 % as well as resistance to loss in strength of 44, 55 and 55 % were recorded at 10 % CKD treatment, respectively, for BSL, WAS and BSH compactive energies. Reduction in the particle sizes with curing period was observed when samples were viewed through the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The study showed that CKD can be beneficially used to improve the subgrade of lightly trafficked roads and as admixture in lime stabilization during construction of flexible pavements over expansive soil.Keywords: California bearing ratio; Cement kiln dust, Durability; Expansive soil; Microanalysis, Unconfined compressive strength; Scanning electron microscope.

scholarly journals Feasibility of backfilling mines using cement kiln dust, fly ash, and cement blends

2018 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 01072
Author(s):  
H. Beltagui ◽  
M. Sonebi ◽  
K. Maguire ◽  
S. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Free Lime ◽  
Pulverized Fuel ◽  
Pulverized Fuel Ash ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Kiln Dust

Cement kiln dust (CKD) is an industrial by-product of the cement manufacturing process, the composition of which can vary widely. Recent years of using alternative fuels have resulted in higher chloride and alkali contents within CKDs; as such, this limits the applications in which CKDs can be utilised. Using a CKD containing a high free lime content of 29.5%, it is shown that this CKD is capable of activating pulverized fuel ash (PFA) due to its high alkalinity, which can be utilised in low strength un-reinforced applications. One potential application involves the backfill of mines, reducing the need for continuous maintenance of the mine. This study focuses on the compressive strength achieved by various blends of CKD, PFA, and cement. Samples were hand mixed and compacted in 100 mm x 50 mm diameter cylinders, and unconfined compressive strength measurements taken at 28 and 56 days. The hydration products were assessed through the use of x-ray diffraction and thermogravimetric analysis. Aiming to maximise the use of CKD at a water to binder (w/b) ratio of 0.2, it was found that the maximum CKD content possible to achieve the required strength was 90% CKD blended with 10% cement.

scholarly journals Green Stabilization of Clay Soil Using Cement Kiln Dust

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
P. Kodanda Rama Rao ◽  
C. Rajakumar
Keyword(s):  
Clay Soil ◽  
Soil Analysis ◽  
Preliminary Investigation ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Free Swell ◽  
Kiln Dust

This research work is aimed to evaluate the suitability of cement kiln dust for stabilization of expansive clay soil in Coimbatore. The laboratory work involved index properties to classify the soil sample. The preliminary investigation of the soil shows that it belongs to CH class of soil in the BIS soil classification system. Soils under this class are generally of poor engineering use. Atterberg limits, free swell, free swell index, compaction, UCS and CBR tests were used to evaluate properties of stabilized soil. The soil was stabilized with cement kiln dust in stepped concentration of 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% by dry weight of the soil. Analysis of the results shows that high improvement on the geotechnical properties of cement kiln dust stabilized soil. Cement kiln dust reduces plasticity index, swelling and MDD with an increase in OMC, UCS and CBR with all higher cement kiln dust contents. From this study it was found out that cement kiln dust stabilized soil meet the minimum requirement of IRC pavement specification for use as a sub-grade material in road construction.

scholarly journals The Effect of Using Cement Kiln Dust as a Partial Replacement of Cement on The Mechanical Properties of Concrete: Review and Modelling

2020 ◽  
pp. 99-116
Author(s):  
Nawdar Sabir Faraj ◽  
Mahdi Osman Hassun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Model Equations ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Kiln Dust ◽  
Proper Disposal ◽  
Curing Age

There have been many efforts in reusing Cement Kiln Dust (CKD), a by-product of cement manufacturing, in various areas of civil works. These efforts have been made due to the necessity of the material for proper disposal, because of its very fine texture and the fact that if not handled properly, it will be harmful to human health and the environment. Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of incorporating CKD in concrete as an approach of reusing it. In the current study, the effect of using cement kiln dust on the mechanical properties of concrete as a partial replacement of cement was reviewed. The investigated mechanical properties were compressive strength for the curing ages of 7 and 28 days and tensile and flexural strengths, modulus of elasticity, and water absorption for the curing age of 28 days. It was concluded that replacing cement with CKD leads to detrimental effects on all mechanical properties of concrete. There were sufficient amount of data to establish correlations between the amount of cement replacement with CKD, and its effect on all mechanical properties of concrete except for water absorption. Regression analyses were performed and model equations with acceptably high R2s were prepared. The optimal CKD content regarding all mechanical properties was concluded to be 10% by the cement weight, at which 7 and 28 days compressive strengths, 28 days tensile and flexural strengths, and elastic modulus decreased by amounts of 11%, 12%, 8%, 9%, and 8% respectively.

Incorporating of CKD in binder course cold asphalt emulsion mixtures

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abbas Al-Hdabi ◽  
Mohammed Al-Jumaili ◽  
Huda Abdulzahra
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Environmental Impact ◽  
Portland Cement ◽  
Manufacturing Industry ◽  
Energy Savings ◽  
Cement Kiln Dust ◽  
Cement Kiln ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Cement Manufacturing ◽  
Kiln Dust

AbstractCold asphalt emulsion mixtures are produced at ambient temperature and it have several advantages i.e., energy savings, safety and reducing CO2 emission during manufacturing and construction, reduction of adverse environmental impact. Cement kiln dust is a fine powdery substance with appearance similar to Portland cement that is generated as a by-product material of cement manufacturing industry. The aim of this research is addition of cement kiln dust instead of Portland cement as filler in asphalt emulsion mixtures. Cement kiln dust was added with 2, 4, 6, and 8% from total weight of aggregate to improve the mechanical properties and durability of this mixture. The results were very positive and encouraging, due to the improvement of the mechanical properties and durability of the mixtures.

Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Cement-Stabilized Soil Base Mixtures

2000 ◽  
Vol 1721 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louay N. Mohammad ◽  
Amar Raghavandra ◽  
Baoshan Huang
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Unconfined Compressive Strength ◽  
Resilient Modulus ◽  
Flexible Pavements ◽  
Indirect Tensile Strength ◽  
Treated Soil ◽  
Stabilized Soil ◽  
Indirect Tensile ◽  
Soil Mixtures

In-place cement-stabilized soils have served as the primary base material for the majority of noninterstate flexible pavements in Louisiana for many years. These materials are economically and easily constructed and provide outstanding structural characteristics for flexible pavements. However, these cement-treated materials crack due to shrinkage, with the cracks reflecting from the base to the surface. A laboratory study examined the performance of four different cement-stabilized soil mixtures recently used in the construction of test lanes at the Louisiana Pavement Testing Facilities. Laboratory tests included the indirect tensile strength and strain, unconfined compressive strength, and indirect tensile resilient modulus tests. The four mixtures were ( a) in-place-mixed cement-treated soil with 10 percent cement, ( b) plant-mixed cement-treated soil with 10 percent cement, ( c) plant-mixed cement-treated soil with 4 percent cement, and ( d) plant-mixed cement-treated soil with 4 percent cement and fiber reinforcement. The results indicated that there was no significant difference in performance between the plant-mixed and in-place-mixed cement-treated soil mixtures. The inclusion of fiber to the cement-treated soil mixture significantly increased the indirect tensile strain and the toughness index. Increases in compaction effort maintained or significantly increased the indirect tensile strength and unconfined compressive strength. Increases in curing period maintained or significantly increased indirect tensile and unconfined compressive strength as well as the resilient modulus of the mixtures.

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