Black Cotton Soil Stabilization by Using Fly Ash - Kota Stone Slurry Mix

The usage of waste material for stabilizing black cotton soil has been a sustainable interest. Kota stone slurry is a waste from kota stone and fly ash is a waste from industries containing high amount of sodium and magnesium, was used as a soil stabilizer for blac cotton soil improvement in this study. This research investigated the effects of sizes and percentages of kota stone slurry mix and fly ash on the physical and strength properties, which included particle size distribution, Atterberg limits, compaction, and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of blac cotton soil. Micro structural characterization, including the scanning electron microscopic, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction was conducted on both untreated and treated black cotton soil samples to examine the mechanism of strength development. The addition of kota stone slurry and fly ash reduced the water holding capacity, which then caused the reduction in soil plasticity (from 18 to 11%) and optimum water content (from 20 to 16%) along with the increase in peak dry density (from 1.66 to 1.74 Mg/m3). The strength of black cotton soil may increased from 50 to almost 220 kPa. The optimum kota stone slurry and fly ash contents, providing the highest UCS, were at 20 and 30% for 0.063 mm kota stone slurry and fly ash and 0.15 mm kota stone slurry and fly ash, respectively. The UCS improvement of treated marine clay is attributed to the formation of cementation compounds, mainly aluminum magnesium silicate hydrate (A–M–S–H). The outcome of this research will allow the use of RBT as a low-carbon soil stabilizer across civil engineering applications. Keywords: Stablization, Fly ash, kota stone slurry, Atterberg limits, Compaction, and unconfined compressive strength

Influence of Lime for Enhancing Characteristics of Expansive Soils in Road Works

Expansive soils are found in black cotton soils, which swell or shrink in volume when presented to changes in moisture content. Lime treatment is exhaustively used to increment the properties of sensitive and fragile soils. One of the hugest clarifications behind using lime is to decline the developing presentation of the earth soil. The arrangement of extra safeguards improves the reaction of quicklime (CaO) with water, structures hydrated (slaked) lime (Ca (OH)2), and thus earth characteristics. The vast inadequacy of employing lime is growing the deficiency of lime offset earth. Following that, the goal of this study is to see how re-establishing time affects the geotechnical qualities of settled Black cotton soils with lime. These discoveries recommend that adding Lime as a stabilizer works on the strength of black cotton soil. Some of the characteristics of the soil likely to be increased by using stabilizer in this work are UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) at different curing periods (7,14,28 and 56 days), CBR (California Bearing Ratio) value at unsoaked and soaked and MDD (Maximum Dry Density) decrease at different lime percentages(%) like 2.4.6.8 and 10. The result showed here untreated soil got stabilized by using the stabilizer in certain extent In this adjustment various rates of cementitious material is added to black cotton soil and directed tests like plasticity, compaction, swell pressure, free swell index(FSI), Coefficient of permeability (k) and CBR(soaked and unsoaked) at various conditions like OMC,OMC+2% water and OMC+5% water, UCS (Unconfined Compressive Strength) was performed. From the test results, it is identified that the stabilization agent decreases plasticity and improves strength characteristics. Addition of stabilizing agent makes the black cotton soil to non-plastic, non-swelling and attains increase CBR values which are greater than 25% for a dosage of 10% lime at OMC but remaining OMC+2%water & OMC+5%water CBR values are not various much difference as per test results. With the addition of lime, the black cotton soil becomes non-plastic, non-swelling, and has high strengths. Treated soils are used as a development material, for example, a subgrade layer in the development of adaptable asphalt pavements for roads.

Stabilization of soil using industrial wastes

Soil is the most important and basic element of earth. In India which have more type of soil which have low or high bearing capacity like black cotton soil which have high montmorillonite and kalinite. These are those type of soil which have high shrinkage and swelling property. This type of soil cannot withstand heavy load. So, to overcome such problem treatment of soil is needed to be done using plastic materials or volcanic ash, cement kiln dust(CKD) particles for stabilizing this soil. Soil stabilization is the process which improve the physical effects of soil shearing and bearing capacity which is use of adding the admixture like cement, fly ash, lime volcanic ash CKD. Engineers are develop new technique for soil stabilization. It is really big deal to use these type of waste to stabilization of soil. India is developing country build new building and break the old building. All this process many type of waste are generate and in Indian survey nearly 7.46 million tonnes of hazardous waste is generated in India annually So the engineers are think the all waste are used in soil stabilization This paper write for two reason, one is recycle the waste materials and other one is increase the soil stabilize. Some type of industrial waste are including the gravel and dirt concrete and masonry, oils, metals, industrial waste like gasses or solids and also count vegetables matters from restaurants. In other words the industrials waste is two type one is non-hazardous and 2nd is hazardous

Stabilization of expansive soil by using industrial waste

The production of sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA), glass fiber (GF) and ceramic dust (CD) in developing countries at very large scale usually poses a severe disposal problem. The purpose of this research is to determine whether these three waste products are suitable for improving the engineering characteristics of expanding soil. The study has been carried out by varying the content of SBA (0-20%), CD (0-20%) and GF (0-4%) in black cotton soil. Optimization was carried out to find out the composition of the ideal quaternary blend. The use of these materials was found to decrease the maximum dry density and swelling of soil with increase in optimum moisture content. In addition, the liquid limit was found to decline with increment in CBR and unconfined compressive strength. The study confirms the use of these waste materials as soil stabilizers in addition to provide a solution for waste reuse.

Experimental Investigation on the Microstructural Properties of Black Cotton Soil Stabilized with Cinder (Scoria) Fines and Class-C Fly Ash

Black cotton soil is one of the significant problematic soil for any civil or geotechnical engineering application in the whole world. In the past several decades, different experimental studies have been carried out on the stabilization of expansive soil and different types of stabilizers like lime, Portland cement, cement fly ash, and lime fly ash were used and applied in highway and others construction. However, those traditional stabilizers are not environmentally friendly thus further scientific study is needed to minimize the percentage of carbon-based stabilizers. The fact that Ethiopia encountered major engineering problems due to these problematic soils many researchers have been conducted a vital study using traditional stabilizers for several years however there is no significant study on the microstructural properties of stabilized black cotton soil. In this study, a scoria fines and class c fly ash are used at different blended groups, for each group, the stabilizer content ranges from 10 to 30%. The liquid limit and plasticity index of the soil has been decreased with the increasing content of class c fly ash (FA) and cinder fines (CF). Especially after the soil treated with 25% of class c fly ash and 25% of cinder fines, the liquid limit has decreased by 51.61% and, the plasticity index by 78.61%, linear shrinkage by 66.58%, and the free swell index decreased by 78.9%. The CBR and UCS value has increased by 86.2% and 83.9%, respectively, and CBR swell reduced by 61.2% with increasing stabilizer content. The microstructural properties of Raw black cotton soil and samples that are selected based on strength and index properties (BCS+FA3, BCS+CF3, BCS+CF+FA3) were observed by Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) imagining device, and the result clearly shows the alteration in fabric and morphology of the sample. After treatment with class c fly ash and cinder fines, the laminated configuration of black cotton soil has changed to more flocculated and coherent mass. Also, the SEM image proves that cinder fines impart a mechanical bonding that forms well-developed floccules and a more porous nature. These types of particle arrangement and clay aggregation bring the improvement in index and strength properties.