scholarly journals How Consistent are Cognitive Impairments in Patients with Cerebellar Disorders?

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagmar Timmann ◽  
Irene Daum
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Verbal Working Memory ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Functional Brain Imaging ◽  
Cerebellar Disease ◽  
Cognitive Involvement ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Norms ◽  
Open Question ◽  
Cerebellar Disorders

Many human lesion und functional brain imaging studies suggest involvement of the cerebellum in cognitive functions. However, negative and inconsistent findings are rarely discussed. It is still an open question as to which areas of cognition the cerebellum contributes, as well as how, and to what extent. Frequently cited earlier findings in one area of cognition have been challenged in more recent studies, that is the cerebellum may not be directly involved in attention. Furthermore, disorders in patients with acquired cerebellar disease are frequently mild and less severe compared to lesions of the corresponding areas of the cerebral cortex. Patients with cerebellar disease often perform within the normal range of neuropsychological test norms. This pattern is illustrated based on general intelligence and verbal working memory, which have been assessed by a large number of authors using comparable tests. Findings, however, appear to be more pronounced in individual cases with acute onset cerebellar disorders and in children, in particular with congenital disease. The review suggests that the inconsistencies in cognitive impairments may offer clues as to the nature of cerebellar cognitive involvement.

scholarly journals Lifetime Musical Training and Cognitive Performance in a Memory Clinic Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
pp. 102986492091863
Author(s):  
Daisy Fancourt ◽  
Katharina Geschke ◽  
Andreas Fellgiebel ◽  
Alexandra Wuttke-Linnemann
Keyword(s):  
Mental State ◽  
Mini Mental State Examination ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Word List ◽  
Memory Clinic ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Examination Score ◽  
State Examination

Background: Music training has been found to be beneficial for young and healthy participants but the associations between musical training and the cognitive functioning of elderly participants have not been reported consistently. We examined whether lifetime musical training is associated with neuropsychological performance in a memory clinic population of older patients. Methods: A total of 478 patients (54.2% female, mean age 73.70 ± 6.22, mean Mini Mental State Examination score 25 ± 3) were included in the cross-sectional analyses. All patients were referred to the memory clinic due to cognitive impairments. During the course of diagnosis, all patients underwent neuropsychological tests using the CERAD neuropsychological assessment battery. Patients provided information on whether they ever learned to play an instrument for at least five years in their life. Results: Neuropsychological test results differed based on musical training ( p = .042). Overall, there were no differences in any domains of cognitive functioning, other than that patients with musical training performed worse on word list memory ( p = .008). However, this relationship varied based on the extent of cognitive impairments. Patients who were cognitively unimpaired (Mini Mental State Examination score 27–30) and had musical training showed better word list learning, whereas patients with cognitive impairments (Mini Mental State Examination score < 27) and musical training performed worse in word list learning ( p = .042) and word list recall ( p = .045). Discussion: Overall, there was little evidence of associations between specific neuropsychological test results and musical training. Only in cognitively unimpaired patients was there evidence that musical training had beneficial associations. In patients with cognitive impairment, there were suggestions of negative associations with verbal memory. Future research should longitudinally investigate the beneficial effects of musical training in people with and without cognitive impairments.

scholarly journals The state of neuropsychological test norms for Spanish-speaking adults in the United States

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Alejandra Morlett Paredes ◽  
Amanda Gooding ◽  
Lidia Artiola i Fortuny ◽  
Monica Rivera Mindt ◽  
Paola Suárez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
The State ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Norms

scholarly journals Neuropsychological Test Norms in Cognitively Intact Oldest-Old

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (05) ◽  
pp. 530-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zarui A. Melikyan ◽  
Maria M. Corrada ◽  
Malcolm B. Dick ◽  
Christina Whittle ◽  
Annlia Paganini-Hill ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Oldest Old ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Verbal Learning ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Norms ◽  
Cognitively Intact ◽  
Fluency Test

AbstractObjectives: Individuals aged 90 or older (oldest-old), the fastest growing segment of the population, are at increased risk of developing cognitive impairment compared with younger old. Neuropsychological evaluation of the oldest-old is important yet challenging in part because of the scarcity of test norms for this group. We provide neuropsychological test norms for cognitively intact oldest-old. Methods: Test norms were derived from 403 cognitively intact participants of The 90+ Study, an ongoing study of aging and dementia in the oldest-old. Cognitive status of intact oldest-old was determined at baseline using cross-sectional approach. Individuals with cognitive impairment no dementia or dementia (according to DSM-IV criteria) were excluded. Participants ranged in age from 90 to 102 years (mean=94). The neuropsychological battery included 11 tests (Mini-Mental Status Examination, Modified Mini-Mental State Examination, Boston Naming Test – Short Form, Letter Fluency Test, Animal Fluency Test, California Verbal Learning Test-II Short Form, Trail Making Tests A/B/C, Digit Span Forward and Backwards Test, Clock Drawing Test, CERAD Construction Subtests), and the Geriatric Depression Scale. Results: Data show significantly lower scores with increasing age on most tests. Education level, sex, and symptoms of depression were associated with performance on several tests after accounting for age. Conclusions: Provided test norms will help to distinguish cognitively intact oldest-old from those with cognitive impairment. (JINS, 2019, 25, 530–545)

Neuropsychological performance of OCD patients before and after treatment with fluoxetine: evidence for persistent cognitive deficits

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-925 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. A. NIELEN ◽  
J. A. DEN BOER
Keyword(s):  
Task Performance ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Executive Dysfunction ◽  
Motor Speed ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Significant Deterioration ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Dorsolateral Prefrontal ◽  
Before And After

Background. There is an ongoing debate about the nature of executive dysfunction that accompanies obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD). One reason for this may be that state-related factors, such as use of medication or co-morbid symptoms, confound with task performance. This study tried to isolate trait- from state-dependent cognitive impairments by examining variability of cognition following treatment.Method. Nineteen OCD patients were tested on the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) before and after treatment with fluoxetine. Their pattern of performance was compared to the one observed in healthy volunteers (N=24).Results. OCD patients displayed impairments in planning ability, spatial memory and motor speed that persisted after clinical improvement. With treatment, OCD performance diverged from that of controls on measures of focused attention and strategic ability. However, these effects were rather mild as they did not entail a significant deterioration of performance within the OCD sample.Conclusions. Our data suggest that cognitive impairments in OCD are not secondary to symptoms and therefore form a trait feature of the disorder. The nature of the deficits refers to a chronic dysfunction of the dorsolateral–striatal circuit. The minor effects of treatment on task performance is in line with recent evidence that serotonin mediates cognitive functions of orbitofrontal cortex to a greater extent than those associated with dorsolateral prefrontal regions.

The Varied Outcomes of Schizophrenia

1997 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry Davidson ◽  
Thomas H McGlashan
Keyword(s):  
Negative Symptoms ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Favourable Outcome ◽  
Research Literature ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Poor Outcome ◽  
Affective Symptoms ◽  
Insidious Onset ◽  
Over Time

Objective: To review variations in outcomes in schizophrenia across individual, historical, and cross-cultural boundaries, as well as within specific domains of functioning. Method: Research literature on the outcomes of schizophrenia appearing within the last 8 years was reviewed. Results: First, a review of follow-up studies published in the developed world suggests that heterogeneity in outcome across individuals with schizophrenia remains the rule, with affective symptoms, later and acute onset, and responsiveness to biological treatments predictive of good outcome. Negative symptoms are associated with poor outcome, cognitive impairments, and incapacity in social and work domains. Deterioration appears to occur within the first few months of onset if not already in the prodrome, with recent early-course studies finding longer duration of untreated psychosis associated with insidious onset, negative symptoms, social and work incapacity, and poor outcome. Second, a review of recent cross-cultural and historical studies provides evidence that outcome varies across time and place, schizophrenia having a more favourable outcome in the developing world and becoming a more benign disorder over the course of this century. Third, a review of studies of the domains of functioning within individuals identifies 4 relatively independent dimensions of depression and negative, psychotic, and disorganized symptoms. Cognitive deficits, which are associated with negative symptoms, also constitute a relatively stable dimension over time, showing neither marked deterioration nor improvement once established early in the course of disorder. Conclusions: The early appearance and stability over time of negative symptoms and cognitive impairments call for assertive intervention efforts early in the course of disorder to prevent chronicity and prolonged disability.

scholarly journals Investigation of a neuropsychological screen for chemo-fog

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lea Ann Ouimet ◽  
Angela Stewart ◽  
Barbara Collins ◽  
Dwayne Schindler ◽  
Catherine Bielajew
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Clinical Utility ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Test Battery ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Battery ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Chemo Fog ◽  
Risk Of Misclassification

Research on chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment (the term ‘‘chemo-fog’’ is used by many investigators) supports the occurrence of subtle declines in function for a subset of recipients. Identification of vulnerable individuals via comprehensive neuropsychological batteries is complicated due to their lack of clinical utility and increased risk of misclassification. The goal of this paper was to evaluate the ability of a reduced battery to detect chemotherapy-related cognitive impairments. Data from our previous study (Ouimet et al. J Clin Exp Neuropsychol 31:73–89, 2009) were used to compare a comprehensive neuropsychological test battery comprising 23 tests with a reduced battery consisting of a subset of nine tests. A standardized regression-based approach revealed that a comparable numbers of participants were identified by both batteries, suggesting that individuals vulnerable to chemotherapy-induced cognitive impairment can be identified by a more selective battery. Further work is needed to clarify the neuropsychological tests most sensitive to detecting impairments associated with chemotherapy so that assessment batteries can be limited to these tests.

scholarly journals Do neuropsychological test norms from African Americans in the United States generalize to a Zambian population?

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Knut A. Hestad ◽  
J. Anitha Menon ◽  
Robert Serpell ◽  
Lisa Kalungwana ◽  
Sidney O. C. Mwaba ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Norms ◽  
Neuropsychological Test Norms

scholarly journals Functional Capacity and Motor Performance of Upper Limbs in Individuals with Cerebellar Disorders: A Pilot Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Vivian Farahte Giangiardi ◽  
Sandra Maria Sbeghen F. de Freitas ◽  
Flávia P. de Paiva Silva ◽  
Renata Morales Banjai ◽  
Sandra Regina Alouche
Keyword(s):  
Motor Performance ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Movement Planning ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Upper Limbs ◽  
Cerebellar Disease ◽  
Initial Direction ◽  
Cerebellar Disorder ◽  
And Function ◽  
Cerebellar Disorders

In simple daily activities carried out by the upper limbs, the cerebellum is responsible for the adaptations required for the accurate movement based on previous experiences and external references. This paper aims to characterize the performance of the upper limbs after a cerebellar disease. We evaluated the digital and handgrip strength, dexterity, and function of the upper limbs. The motor performance of the upper limbs was assessed through the use of a digitizing tablet by performing aiming movements with the upper limb most affected by cerebellar disease and the paired limb of the healthy group. The results showed differences between groups: the cerebellar group had higher latency to movement onset, was slower, and presented less smooth trajectories and higher initial direction errors. Moreover, the movement direction influenced the peak velocity and the smoothness for both groups (contralateral directions were slower and less smooth). We concluded that cerebellar disorder leads to movement planning impairment compromising the formulation of an internal model. Alterations on movement execution seem to be a consequence from disruptions in the anticipatory model, leading to more adaptations. These findings are compatible with the roles of the cerebellum on the control of voluntary movement.

scholarly journals Variants of cognitive deficiency depending on the clinical characteristics of the disease in patients with paranoid schizophrenia

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. G. Lebedeva ◽  
E. R. Isaeva
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Late Onset ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Paranoid Schizophrenia ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Memory Impairments ◽  
Visuospatial Functions ◽  
Cognitive Deficiency ◽  
With Memory

Pecific aspects of cognitive impairments in patients with paranoid schizophrenia depending on the clinical characteristics of the disease have been studied. One hundred and thirty patients were examined. A clinico-psychological, experimental psychological and statistical methods were used. Three main types of cognitive deficiency with paranoid schizophrenia, associated with the onset, disease duration, and severity of psychiatric symptomology : 1) long-term course of the disease accompanied by the average level of clinical symptomology associated with abnormal attention and visuospatial functions; 2) late onset of the disease and unexpressed clinical symptomology combined with memory impairments; 3) acute onset and early age combined with the absence of cognitive impairments.

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