scholarly journals Expression of Constitutive Nitric Oxide Synthase Isoforms in Varicose Vein Wall; Preliminary Results

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zora Haviarová ◽  
Andrea Janegová ◽  
Pavel Janega ◽  
Štefan Durdík ◽  
Peter Kováč ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Varicose Vein ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Varicose Veins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Color Analysis ◽  
Vein Wall ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nos Isoforms

There are conflicting findings in literature about the structural changes of the primary varicose veins. NO (a potent vasodilatator) is synthesized by nitric oxide synthase (NOS). From 3 known NOS isoforms the two are constitutional: eNOS (endothelial NOS) and nNOS (neuronal NOS). 10 varicose and 10 control vein samples were processed by standard light microscopy and immuno-histochemica techniques using rabbit polyclonal antibodies against eNOS and nNOS. Antibodies expression was evaluated semiquantitatively and proved morphometrically by 2D-image analysis. total area of NOS isoforms expressions was determined by color analysis and color digital subtraction. The results showed discontinuous and significantly lower expression of both NOS isoforms the in the tunica media of varicose veins compared with the control group. For the statistical analysis the unpaired -test was used. Our results suppose lower NO levels in varicose vein wall, deducing that varicose dilatation is due to other mechanism, and they contradict the results of previously published similar works.

Eccentric exercise induces nitric oxide synthase expression through nuclear factor-κB modulation in rat skeletal muscle

2010 ◽  
Vol 108 (3) ◽  
pp. 575-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Lima-Cabello ◽  
María J. Cuevas ◽  
Nuria Garatachea ◽  
Marta Baldini ◽  
Mar Almar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pyrrolidine Dithiocarbamate ◽  
Vastus Lateralis Muscle ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nos Isoforms

This study aimed to investigate the effect of eccentric exercise on the expression of the different nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in rat deep vastus lateralis muscle. Twenty-four rats were allocated to four experimental groups: rested control group, acutely exercised group after an intermittent downhill protocol for 90 min, acutely exercised group treated with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (100 mg/kg ip) for 24 and 1 h before the acute exercise bout, and acutely exercised group with a previous submaximal eccentric training of 8 wk. Acutely exercised rats showed increased levels of protein tyrosine nitration, NF-κB binding, and phospho-IκBα content. A significant increase was observed in mRNA level and protein content of neuronal NOS, inducible NOS, and endothelial NOS. The binding of NF-κB to the NOS isoform promoters, measured by a chromatin immunoprecipitation assay, was undetectable in rested rats, whereas it was evident in acutely exercised animals. All of these effects were partially abolished by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate treatment and by training. In summary, our findings provide a direct link between the NF-κB signaling cascade and NOS expression in skeletal muscle following eccentric exercise and suggest a modulation of the expression of the three NOS isoforms by this transcription factor.

scholarly journals Effect of detrusor overactivity on the expression of aquaporins and nitric oxide synthase in rat urinary bladder following bladder outlet obstruction

2013 ◽  
Vol 7 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 268 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Ouck Kim ◽  
Dongjune Choi ◽  
Seung Hee Song ◽  
Kyu Youn Ahn ◽  
Dongdeuk Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Detrusor Overactivity ◽  
Bladder Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Outlet Obstruction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Rat Urinary Bladder ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nos Isoforms

Background: Aquaporins (AQPs) have recently been reported to be expressed in rat and human urothelium. Nitric oxide (NO) is thought to play a role in the bladder overactivity related to bladder outlet obstruction (BOO). The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of BOO on the expression of AQP2-3 and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms in rat urothelium.Methods: Female Sprague-Dawley rats (230-240 g, n = 60) were divided into 2 groups. The control group (n = 30) and the partial bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) group (n = 30). After 4 weeks, we performed a urodynamic study to measure the contraction interval and contraction pressure. The expression and cellular localization of AQP2-3, endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) and neuronalnitric oxide synthase (nNOS) were determined by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.Results: On the cystometrogram, the estimated contraction interval time (minutes, mean ± SE) was significantly lower in the BOO group (3.0 ± 0.9) than in the control group (6.3 ± 0.4; p < 0.05). AQP2 was localized in the cytoplasm of the epithelium, whereas AQP3 was found only in the cell membrane of the epithelium. The protein expression of AQP2-3, eNOS and nNOS was significantly increased in the BOO group.Conclusion: Detrusor overactivity induced by BOO causes a significant increase in the expression of AQP2-3, eNOS, and nNOSin rat urinary bladder. This may imply that the AQPs and NOS isoforms have a functional role in the bladder dysfunction that occurs in association with BOO.

Nitric oxide synthase isoforms and the effect of their inhibition on meiotic maturation of porcine oocytes

Zygote ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Chmelíková ◽  
Michal Ješeta ◽  
Markéta Sedmíková ◽  
Jaroslav Petr ◽  
Lenka Tůmová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Intracellular Localization ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oocyte Cytoplasm ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nos Isoforms ◽  
Experimental Group

SummaryIn this paper we assessed: (i) the change in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) isoforms' expression and intracellular localization and in NOS mRNA in porcine oocytes during meiotic maturation; (ii) the effect of NOS inhibition by Nω-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester (l-NAME) and aminoguanidine (AG) on meiotic maturation of cumulus–oocyte complexes (COC) as well as denuded oocytes (DO); and (iii) nitric oxide (NO) formation in COC. All three NOS isoforms (eNOS, iNOS and nNOS) and NOS mRNA (eNOS mRNA, iNOS mRNA and nNOS mRNA) were found in both porcine oocytes and their cumulus cells except for nNOS mRNA, which was not detected in the cumulus cells. NOS isoforms differed in their intracellular localization in the oocyte: while iNOS protein was dispersed in the oocyte cytoplasm, nNOS was localized in the oocyte cytoplasm and in germinal vesicles (GV) and eNOS was present in dots in the cytoplasm, GV and was associated with meiotic spindles. l-NAME inhibitor significantly suppressed metaphase (M)I to MII transition (5.0 mM experimental group: 34.9% MI, control group: 9.5% MI) and at the highest concentration (10.0 mM) also affected GV breakdown (GVBD); in contrast also AG inhibited primarily GVBD. The majority of the oocytes (10.0 mM experimental group: 60.8%, control group: 1.2%) was not able to resume meiosis. AG significantly inhibited GVBD in DO, but l-NAME had no significant effect on the GVBD of these cells. During meiotic maturation, NO is formed in COC and the NO formed by cumulus cells is necessary for the process of GVBD.

Selected Contribution: Differential role of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in fever of different etiologies: studies using Nosgene-deficient mice

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (6) ◽  
pp. 2534-2544 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wieslaw Kozak ◽  
Anna Kozak
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Normal Male ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
And Control ◽  
Nos Isoforms ◽  
Deficient Mice

Male C57BL/6J mice deficient in nitric oxide synthase (NOS) genes (knockout) and control (wild-type) mice were implanted intra-abdominally with battery-operated miniature biotelemeters (model VMFH MiniMitter, Sunriver, OR) to monitor changes in body temperature. Intravenous injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 50 μg/kg) was used to trigger fever in response to systemic inflammation in mice. To induce a febrile response to localized inflammation, the mice were injected subcutaneously with pure turpentine oil (30 μl/animal) into the left hindlimb. Oral administration (gavage) of N G-monomethyl-l-arginine (l-NMMA) for 3 days (80 mg · kg−1 · day−1in corn oil) before injection of pyrogens was used to inhibit all three NOSs ( N G-monomethyl-d-arginine acetate salt and corn oil were used as control). In normal male C57BL/6J mice, l-NMMA inhibited the LPS-induced fever by ∼60%, whereas it augmented fever by ∼65% in mice injected with turpentine. Challenging the respective NOS knockout mice with LPS and with l-NMMA revealed that inducible NOS and neuronal NOS isoforms are responsible for the induction of fever to LPS, whereas endothelial NOS (eNOS) is not involved. In contrast, none of the NOS isoforms appeared to trigger fever to turpentine. Inhibition of eNOS, however, exacerbates fever in mice treated with l-NMMA and turpentine, indicating that eNOS participates in the antipyretic mechanism. These data support the hypothesis that nitric oxide is a regulator of fever. Its action differs, however, depending on the pyrogen used and the NOS isoform.

scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Lactobacillus Plantarum CQPC10 on Activated Carbon Induced Constipation in Institute of Cancer Research (ICR) Mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1498 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Xianrong Zhou ◽  
Benshou Chen ◽  
Xingyao Long ◽  
Jianfei Mu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Lactobacillus Plantarum ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Lactobacillus Bulgaricus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Expression Levels ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Chinese Paocai is a traditional fermented food containing an abundance of beneficial microorganisms. In this study, the microorganisms in Szechwan Paocai were isolated and identified, and a strain of lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus plantarum CQPC10, LP-CQPC10) was found to exert an inhibitory effect on constipation. Microorganisms were isolated and identified via 16S rDNA. Activated carbon was used to induce constipation in a mouse model and the inhibitory effect of LP-CQPC10 on this induced constipation was investigated via both pathological sections and qPCR (quantitative polymerase chain reaction). A strain of Lactobacillus plantarum was identified and named LP-CQPC10. The obtained results showed that, as compared to the control group, LP-CQPC10 significantly inhibited the amount, weight, and water content of faeces. The defecation time of the first tarry stool was significantly shorter in LP-CQPC10 groups than in the control group. The activated carbon progradation rate was significantly higher when compared to the control group and the effectiveness was improved. LP-CQPC10 increased the serum levels of MTL (motilin), Gas (gastrin), ET (endothelin), AchE (acetylcholinesterase), SP (substance P), and VIP (vasoactive intestinal peptide), while decreasing the SS (somatostatin) level. Furthermore, it improved the GSH (glutathione) level and decreased the MPO (myeloperoxidase), MDA (malondialdehyde), and NO (nitric oxide) levels. The results of qPCR indicated that LP-CQPC10 significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of c-Kit, SCF (stem cell factor), GDNF (glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor), eNOS (endothelial nitric oxide synthase), nNOS (neuronal nitric oxide synthase), and AQP3 (aquaporin-3), while down-regulating the expression levels of TRPV1 (transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1), iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthase), and AQP9 (aquaporin-9). LP-CQPC10 showed a good inhibitory effect on experimentally induced constipation, and the obtained effectiveness is superior to that of Lactobacillus bulgaricus, indicating the better probiotic potential of this strain.

Effects of chronic inhibition of inducible nitric oxide synthase in hyperthyroid rats

2005 ◽  
Vol 288 (6) ◽  
pp. E1252-E1257 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rodríguez-Gómez ◽  
Rosemary Wangensteen ◽  
Juan Manuel Moreno ◽  
Virginia Chamorro ◽  
Antonio Osuna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hemodynamic Variable ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Inos Inhibition ◽  
Inducible Nitric Oxide

We hypothesized that nitric oxide generated by inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) may contribute to the homeostatic role of this agent in hyperthyroidism and may, therefore, participate in long-term control of blood pressure (BP). The effects of chronic iNOS inhibition by oral aminoguanidine (AG) administration on BP and morphological and renal variables in hyperthyroid rats were analyzed. The following four groups ( n = 8 each) of male Wistar rats were used: control group and groups treated with AG (50 mg·kg−1·day−1, via drinking water), thyroxine (T4, 50 μg·rat−1·day−1), or AG + T4. All treatments were maintained for 3 wk. Tail systolic BP and heart rate (HR) were recorded weekly. Finally, we measured BP (mmHg) and HR in conscious rats and morphological, plasma, and renal variables. T4 administration produced a small BP (125 ± 2, P < 0.05) increase vs. control (115 ± 2) rats. AG administration to normal rats did not modify BP (109 ± 3) or any other hemodynamic variable. However, coadministration of T4 and AG produced a marked increase in BP (140 ± 3, P < 0.01 vs. T4). Pulse pressure and HR were increased in both T4- and T4 + AG -treated groups without differences between them. Plasma NOx (μmol/l) were increased in the T4 group (10.02 ± 0.15, P < 0.05 vs. controls 6.1 ± 0.10), and AG reduced this variable in T4-treated rats (6.81 ± 0.14, P < 0.05 vs. T4) but not in normal rats (5.78 ± 0.20). Renal and ventricular hypertrophy and proteinuria of hyperthyroid rats were unaffected by AG treatment. In conclusion, the results of the present paper indicate that iNOS activity may counterbalance the prohypertensive effects of T4.

Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in normal ventilatory and limb muscles

1997 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabah N. A. Hussain ◽  
Qasim El-Dwairi ◽  
Mohammed N. Abdul-Hussain ◽  
Dalia Sakkal
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthase ◽  
Fiber Type ◽  
Nos Inhibitors ◽  
Limb Muscles ◽  
Fiber Type Distribution ◽  
Neuronal Nos ◽  
Weak Expression ◽  
Oxide Synthase ◽  
Nos Isoforms

Hussain, Sabah N. A., Qasim El-Dwairi, Mohammed N. Abdul-Hussain, and Dalia Sakkal. Expression of nitric oxide synthase isoforms in normal ventilatory and limb muscles. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(2): 348–353, 1997.—Nitric oxide (NO), an important messenger molecule with widespread actions, is synthesized by NO synthases (NOS). In this study, we investigated the correlation between fiber type and NOS activity among ventilatory and limb muscles of various species. We also assessed the presence of the three NOS isoforms in normal skeletal muscles and how various NOS inhibitors influence muscle NOS activity. NOS activity was detected in various muscles; however, NOS activity in rabbits and rats varied significantly among different muscles. Immunoblotting of muscle samples indicated the presence of both the neuronal NOS and the endothelial NOS isoforms but not the cytokine-inducible NOS isoform. However, these isoforms were expressed to different degrees in various muscles. Although the neuronal NOS isoform was detectable in the canine diaphragm, very weak expression was detected in rabbit, rat, and mouse diaphragms. The endothelial NOS isoform was detected in the rat and mouse diaphragms but not in the canine and rabbit diaphragms. We also found that N G-nitro-l-arginine methyl ester, 7-nitroindazole, and S-methylisothiourea were stronger inhibitors of muscle NOS activity than was aminoguanidine. These results indicate the presence of different degrees of constitutive NOS expression in normal ventilatory and limb muscles of various species. Our data also indicate that muscle NOS activity is not determined by fiber type distribution but by other not yet identified factors. The functional significance of this expression remains to be assessed.

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