scholarly journals Synthesis and Physical Properties of Estolide Ester Using Saturated Fatty Acid and Ricinoleic Acid

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jumat Salimon ◽  
Neeranjini Nallathamby ◽  
Nadia Salih ◽  
Bashar Mudhaffar Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Sulphuric Acid ◽  
Ricinoleic Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Acid Catalyst ◽  
Flash Point ◽  
Viscosity Range

A study was conveyed to produce estolide ester using ricinoleic acid as the backbone. The ricinoleic acid reacted with saturated fatty acid from C8–C18. These reactions were conducted under vacuum at 60°C for 24 h without solvent. The reaction used acid catalyst, sulphuric acid. The new saturate ricinoleic estolide esters show superior low-temperature properties (−52 ± 0.08°C) and high flash point (>300°C). The yield of the neat estolide esters ranged from 52% to 96%. The viscosity range was 51 ± 0.08 to 86 ± 0.01 cp. These new saturated estolide esters were also compared with saturated branched estolide esters.

scholarly journals The effects of low temperature on docosahexaenoic acid biosynthesis in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Hu ◽  
April L. Clevenger ◽  
Peng Zheng ◽  
Qiongye Huang ◽  
Zhaokai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Synthesis ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Underlying Mechanism ◽  
Acid Synthesis ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Fas Pathway

Abstract Background Schizochytrium are known for their abundant production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low temperatures can promote the biosynthesis of polyunsaturated fatty acids in many species. In this study, the effects of low temperature on the biosynthesis of DHA in Schizochytrium sp TIO01 and the underlying mechanism was investigated. Results Based on the de novo genome assembly (contig N50=2.86 Mb) and iTRAQ-based protein identification, we first reconstructed the detailed Schizochytrium fatty acid biosynthesis pathway. Our findings revealed that desaturases, involved in DHA synthesis via the fatty acid synthase (FAS) pathway, were completely absent. The polyketide synthase (PKS) pathway and the FAS pathway are separately responsible for DHA and saturated fatty acid synthesis in Schizochytrium . Analysis of fatty acid composition profiles indicates that low temperature has a significant impact on the production of DHA in Schizochytrium, increasing the DHA content and overall total fatty acids from 43% to 65%. The increased DHA content, however, was not a result of the expression of the PKS pathway genes. Further gene expression analysis indicated that low temperatures may promote DHA accumulation by the up-regulation of both the pentose phosphate pathway and the branched-chain amino acid degradation pathway (increasing the production of the substrates for polyunsaturated fatty acid synthesis: acetyl-CoA and NADPH). In addition, low temerpatures result in a down-regulation of the FAS pathway (reducing the consumption of the substrates for saturated fatty acid synthesis) and malic enzyme, leading to a decreased saturated fatty acid content. Conclusions These findings elucidate the detailed fatty acid synthesis pathway of Schizochytrium, revealing an underlying mechanism by which low temperatures promote the accumulation of DHA in Schizochytrium. The high-quality and nearly complete genome sequence of Schizochytrium provides a valuable reference for further investigation of the regulation of polyunsaturated fatty acids biosynthesisand the evolutionary characteristics in Thraustochytriidae species.

Saturated fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in rat adipocytes

Diabetes ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 43 (4) ◽  
pp. 540-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. W. Hunnicutt ◽  
R. W. Hardy ◽  
J. Williford ◽  
J. M. McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acid ◽  
Rat Adipocytes

EVANOHM

Alloy Digest ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Base Alloy ◽  
Nickel Base Alloy ◽  
Temperature Coefficient Of Resistance ◽  
High Electrical Resistivity ◽  
Nickel Base

Abstract EVANOHM is a nickel-base alloy having low temperature coefficient of resistance and high electrical resistivity. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on joining. Filing Code: Ni-57. Producer or source: Wilbur B. Driver Company.

ISO-ELASTIC

Alloy Digest ◽  
1957 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Temperature Coefficient ◽  
Nickel Alloy ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Precision Instrument ◽  
Iron Nickel

Abstract ISO-ELASTIC is an iron-nickel alloy having low temperature coefficient of the modulus of elasticity. It is suitable for precision instrument springs. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Fe-14. Producer or source: John Chatillon & Sons.

INVAR M93

Alloy Digest ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Bend Strength ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Ni Content ◽  
Precision Alloys ◽  
Ni Alloy

Abstract Invar is an Fe-Ni alloy with 36% Ni content that exhibits the lowest expansion of known metals from very low temperatures up to approximately 230 deg C (445 deg F). Invar M93 is a cryogenic Invar with improved weldability. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear and bend strength as well as fracture toughness and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: FE-143. Producer or source: Metalimphy Precision Alloys.

COPPER ALLOY No. 510

Alloy Digest ◽  
1971 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Copper Alloy ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Fatigue Properties ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Tin Bronze

Abstract COPPER ALLOY No. 510 is a tin bronze containing about 0.25% phosphorus. It combines high strength and toughness with excellent fatigue properties. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as creep and fatigue. It also includes information on low temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: Cu-238. Producer or source: Brass mills.

BELMONT ALLOY 2505

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (11) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Tube Bending

Abstract BELMONT ALLOY 2505 is a bismuth-base, eutectic, low-melting alloy. It melts at 158 F and provides engineers and technicians with an easily castable material that is ready for use as soon as it freezes. Alloy 2505 can be recovered easily and recycled into new uses any number of times. Its many uses include shuttle blocks, tube bending, chucks for lens buffing and grinding, anchoring, dies, and low-temperature solder. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Bi-9. Producer or source: Belmont Metals Inc..

CERROLOW-117 Alloy

Alloy Digest ◽  
1978 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Melting Temperature ◽  
Eutectic Alloy ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Dental Models ◽  
Metal Products

Abstract CERROLOW-117 Alloy is a bismuth-base eutectic alloy that melts at 117 F (47 C). Its low melting temperature and controlled-shrinkage characteristics make it very useful in industry for such applications as proof casting in tool and die shops, dental models and low-temperature solder. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on casting, forming, heat treating, and machining. Filing Code: Bi-8. Producer or source: Cerro Metal Products.

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