scholarly journals Widespread Dispersal of the Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star,Acanthaster planci, across the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly A. Timmers ◽  
Kimberly R. Andrews ◽  
Chris E. Bird ◽  
Marta J. deMaintenton ◽  
Russell E. Brainard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Acanthaster Planci ◽  
The West ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Hawaiian Archipelago

The population structure of marine species is variable along the Hawaiian Archipelago; thus, it is important to understand dispersal and recruitment patterns for economically and ecologically important taxa to inform Ecosystem-based Management. Connectivity of the coral-eating crown-of-thorns sea star,Acanthaster planci, was examined from Johnston Atoll and 12 locations across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Sequences of mitochondrial DNA from 383 individuals were analyzed to infer patterns of gene flow among the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHIs), the main Hawaiian Islands, and Johnston Atoll. Population samples were genetically similar across the Hawaiian Archipelago with the exception of the west side of the Big Island of Hawaii, which was significantly differentiated from the majority of Hawaiian samples (pairwise , ). Although differentiated, Hawai`i West shares haplotypes with every other site across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Johnston Atoll was genetically distinct from every location (pairwise , ) except French Frigate Shoals (, ), supporting connectivity between the central NWHIs and Johnston Atoll. Taken together with the lack of geographic population structure and haplotypes shared among all populations, these results indicate widespread larval dispersal with few restrictions to gene flow along the archipelago.

scholarly journals Population structure, genetic connectivity, and adaptation in the Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida) along the west coast of North America

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Silliman
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
North America ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Genetic Connectivity ◽  
Ostrea Lurida ◽  
The West ◽  
Olympia Oyster ◽  
Outlier Loci

ABSTRACTEffective management of threatened and exploited species requires an understanding of both the genetic connectivity among populations and local adaptation. The Olympia oyster (Ostrea lurida), patchily distributed from Baja California to the central coast of Canada, has a long history of population declines due to anthropogenic stressors. For such coastal marine species, population structure could follow a continuous isolation-by-distance model, contain regional blocks of genetic similarity separated by barriers to gene flow, or be consistent with a null model of no population structure. To distinguish between these hypotheses in O. lurida, 13,444 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were used to characterize rangewide population structure, genetic connectivity, and adaptive divergence. Samples were collected across the species range on the west coast of North America, from southern California to Vancouver Island. A conservative approach for detecting putative loci under selection identified 288 SNPs across 129 GBS loci, which were functionally annotated and analyzed separately from the remaining neutral loci. While strong population structure was observed on a regional scale in both neutral and outlier markers, neutral markers had greater power to detect fine-scale structure. Geographic regions of reduced gene flow aligned with known marine biogeographic barriers, such as Cape Mendocino, Monterey Bay, and the currents around Cape Flattery. The outlier loci identified as under putative selection included genes involved in developmental regulation, sensory information processing, energy metabolism, immune response, and muscle contraction. These loci are excellent candidates for future research and may provide targets for genetic monitoring programs. Beyond specific applications for restoration and management of the Olympia oyster, this study lends to the growing body of evidence for both population structure and adaptive differentiation across a range of marine species exhibiting the potential for panmixia. Computational notebooks are available to facilitate reproducibility and future open-sourced research on the population structure of O. lurida.

scholarly journals Genetic population structure of the blue sea star Linckia laevigata in the Visayas (Philippines)

2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Sr Alcazar ◽  
Marc Kochzius
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Genetic Population Structure ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Gene Coi ◽  
Linckia Laevigata

Coral reef associated marine invertebrates, such as the blue sea starLinckia laevigata, have a life history with two phases: sedentary adults and planktonic larvae. On the one hand it is hypothesised that the long pelagic larval duration facilitates large distance dispersal. On the other hand, complex oceanographic and geographic characteristics of the Visayan seascape could cause isolation of populations. The study aims to investigate the genetic diversity, genetic population structure and gene flow inL. laevigatato reveal connectivity among populations in the Visayas. The analysis is based on partial sequences (626 bp in length) of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI) from 124 individuals collected from five localities in the Visayas. A comparative analysis of these populations with populations from the Indo-Malay Archipelago (IMA) published previously is also presented. Genetic diversity was high (h = 0.98, π = 1.6%) and comparable with preceding studies. Analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed a lack of spatial population differentiation among sample sites in the Visayas (ΦST-value = 0.009;P > 0.05). The lack of genetic population structure indicates high gene flow among populations ofL. laevigatain the Visayas. Comparative analysis with data from the previous study indicates high connectivity of the Visayas with the central part of the IMA.

scholarly journals Population Structure, Larval Dispersal, and Gene Flow in the Queen Conch,Strombus gigas, of the Caribbean

1989 ◽  
Vol 177 (3) ◽  
pp. 356-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
JEFFRY B. MITTON ◽  
CARL J. BERG ◽  
KATHERINE S. ORR
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Strombus Gigas ◽  
Queen Conch ◽  
The Caribbean

scholarly journals Investigation of population structure in Gulf of MexicoSeepiophila jonesi(Polychaeta, Siboglinidae) using cross-amplified microsatellite loci

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e2366 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunya Huang ◽  
Stephen W. Schaeffer ◽  
Charles R. Fisher ◽  
Dominique A. Cowart
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Microsatellite Loci ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Cold Seeps ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Significant Gene ◽  
Species Specific

BackgroundVestimentiferan tubeworms are some of the most recognizable fauna found at deep-sea cold seeps, isolated environments where hydrocarbon rich fluids fuel biological communities. Several studies have investigated tubeworm population structure; however, much is still unknown about larval dispersal patterns at Gulf of Mexico (GoM) seeps. As such, researchers have applied microsatellite markers as a measure for documenting the transport of vestimentiferan individuals. In the present study, we investigate the utility of microsatellites to be cross-amplified within the escarpiid clade of seep vestimentiferans, by determining if loci originally developed forEscarpiaspp. could be amplified in the GoM seep tubeworm,Seepiophila jonesi. Additionally, we determine if cross-amplified loci can reliably uncover the same signatures of high gene flow seen in a previous investigation ofS. jonesi.MethodsSeventy-sevenS. jonesiindividuals were collected from eight seep sites across the upper Louisiana slope (<1,000 m) in the GoM. Forty-eight microsatellite loci that were originally developed forEscarpia laminata(18 loci) andEscarpia southwardae(30 loci) were tested to determine if they were homologous and polymorphic inS. jonesi. Loci found to be both polymorphic and of high quality were used to test for significant population structuring inS. jonesi.ResultsMicrosatellite pre-screening identified 13 (27%) of theEscarpialoci were homologous and polymorphic inS. jonesi, revealing that microsatellites can be amplified within the escarpiid clade of vestimentiferans. Our findings uncovered low levels of heterozygosity and a lack of genetic differentiation amongstS. jonesifrom various sites and regions, in line with previous investigations that employed species-specific polymorphic loci onS. jonesiindividuals retrieved from both the same and different seep sites. The lack of genetic structure identified from these populations supports the presence of significant gene flow via larval dispersal in mixed oceanic currents.DiscussionThe ability to develop “universal” microsatellites reduces the costs associated with these analyses and allows researchers to track and investigate a wider array of taxa, which is particularly useful for organisms living at inaccessible locations such as the deep sea. Our study highlights that non-species specific microsatellites can be amplified across large evolutionary distances and still yield similar findings as species-specific loci. Further, these results show thatS. jonesicollected from various localities in the GoM represents a single panmictic population, suggesting that dispersal of lecithotrophic larvae by deep sea currents is sufficient to homogenize populations. These data are consistent with the high levels of gene flow seen inEscarpiaspp., which advocates that differences in microhabitats of seep localities lead to variation in biogeography of separate species.

scholarly journals Genetic Analyses and Simulations of Larval Dispersal Reveal Distinct Populations and Directional Connectivity across the Range of the Hawaiian Grouper (Epinephelus quernus)

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malia Ana J. Rivera ◽  
Kimberly R. Andrews ◽  
Donald R. Kobayashi ◽  
Johanna L. K. Wren ◽  
Christopher Kelley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Dispersal Patterns ◽  
Genetic Analyses ◽  
Hawaiian Archipelago ◽  
Control Region Sequences ◽  
High Connectivity ◽  
Hawaiian Grouper ◽  
Mtdna Diversity ◽  
Dispersal Corridor

Integration of ecological and genetic data to study patterns of biological connectivity can aid in ecosystem-based management. Here we investigated connectivity of the Hawaiian grouperEpinephelus quernus, a species of management concern within the Main Hawaiian Islands (MHI), by comparing genetic analyses with simulated larval dispersal patterns across the species range in the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll. Larval simulations revealed higher dispersal from the MHI to the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHI) than in the opposite direction and evidence for a dispersal corridor between Johnston and the middle of the Hawaiian Archipelago. Genetic analyses using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region sequences and microsatellites revealed relatively high connectivity across the Hawaiian Archipelago, with the exception of genetically distinct populations and higher mtDNA diversity in the mid-Archipelago. These analyses support the preservation of the mid-archipelago as a source of genetic diversity and a region of connectivity with locations outside the Hawaiian Archipelago. Additionally, our evidence for directional dispersal away from the MHI lends caution to any management decisions that would rely on the NWHI replenishing depleted MHI stocks.

Evidence for limited larval dispersal in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops): implications for population structure and marine-reserve design

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Miller ◽  
A L Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Sebastes Melanops ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Few Data

Although dispersal distances of marine larvae influence gene flow and the establishment of population structure, few data on realized dispersal distances exist for marine species. We combined otolith microstructure and micro chemistry of black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) to assess their potential to provide relative estimates of larval dispersal distance. In 2001 and 2002 we measured trace elements at discrete otolith regions, representing the (i) egg/early-larval, (ii) pelagic larval, and (iii) late-larval/early-juvenile periods of fish collected at three locations 120–460 km apart. Discriminant-function analyses based on geochemical signatures at each otolith region accurately grouped an average of 85% (jackknife =  67%) and 87% (jackknife = 81%) of the fish to collection location in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Age at collection ranged from 83 to 174 days and parturition dates within each site were spread over a 22- to 66-day period. Therefore, individuals within sites were not released at similar times. A probable explanation of these data is that larvae from different geographic locations did not mix during ontogeny and possibly did not disperse long distances alongshore. Larval dispersal distances may be appreciably shorter, <120 km, than previously assumed based on models of passive dispersal.

Population structure in a wide-ranging coastal teleost (Argyrosomus japonicus, Sciaenidae) reflects marine biogeography across southern Australia

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas C. Barnes ◽  
Claudia Junge ◽  
Steven A. Myers ◽  
Mathew D. Taylor ◽  
Paul J. Rogers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Genetic Drift ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Genetic Population Structure ◽  
Genetic Population ◽  
Evolutionary Forces

Population structure in marine teleosts is often investigated to aid conservation and fisheries management (e.g. to assess population structure to inform restocking programs). We assessed genetic population structure of the important estuary-associated marine fish, mulloway (Argyrosomus japonicus), within Australian waters and between Australia and South Africa. Genetic variation was investigated at 13 polymorphic microsatellite markers. FST values and Bayesian estimates in STRUCTURE suggested population differentiation of mulloway within Australia and confirm strong differentiation between South Africa and Australia. The 12 Australian sample sets fell into one of four spatially separated genetic clusters. Initially, a significant signal of isolation-by-distance (IBD) was evident among Australian populations. However, further investigation by decomposed-pairwise-regression (DPR) suggested five sample sets were influenced more by genetic-drift, rather than gene-flow and drift equilibrium, as expected in strong IBD cases. Cryptic oceanographic and topographical influences may isolate mulloway populations from south-western Australia. The results demonstrate that DPR is suitable to assess population structure of coastal marine species where barriers to gene flow may be less obvious than in freshwater systems. Information on the relative strengths of gene flow and genetic drift facilitates a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary forces that lead to population structure, which in turn informs fisheries and assists conservation management. Large-bodied predatory scale-fish may be under increasing pressure on a global scale, owing to a variety of anthropogenic reasons. In southern Australia, the iconic sciaenid A. japonicus (mulloway, jewfish or kob) is no exception. Despite the species supporting important fisheries, much of its ecology is poorly understood. It is possible that a greater understanding of their genetic population structure can help ensure a sustainable future for the only southern Australian sciaenid.

scholarly journals Reef Fish Dispersal in the Hawaiian Archipelago: Comparative Phylogeography of Three Endemic Damselfishes

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberly A. Tenggardjaja ◽  
Brian W. Bowen ◽  
Giacomo Bernardi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Reef Fish ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Hawaiian Archipelago ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Significant Genetic Structure

Endemic marine species at remote oceanic islands provide opportunities to investigate the proposed correlation between range size and dispersal ability. Because these species have restricted geographic ranges, it is assumed that they have limited dispersal ability, which consequently would be reflected in high population genetic structure. To assess this relationship at a small scale and to determine if it may be related to specific reef fish families, here we employ a phylogeographic survey of three endemic Hawaiian damselfishes:Abudefduf abdominalis,Chromis ovalis, andChromis verater. Data from mitochondrial markers cytochromeband control region revealed low but significant genetic structure in all three species. Combining these results with data from a previous study onDascyllus albisellaandStegastes marginatus, all five endemic damselfish species surveyed to date show evidence of genetic structure, in contrast with other widespread reef fish species that lack structure within the Hawaiian Archipelago. Though individual patterns of connectivity varied, these five species showed a trend of limited connectivity between the atolls and low-lying Northwestern Hawaiian Islands versus the montane Main Hawaiian Islands, indicating that, at least for damselfishes, the protected reefs of the uninhabited northwest will not replenish depleted reefs in the populated Main Hawaiian Islands.

Differentiation and Interrelations of Two Representatives of Laudakia stellio Complex (Reptilia: Agamidae) in Israel

2011 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evgenyi N. Panov ◽  
Larissa Yu. Zykova
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Additional Data ◽  
Near East ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Subspecies Level ◽  
Limited Gene Flow ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
And Behavior

Field studies were conducted in Central Negev within the breeding range of Laudakia stellio brachydactyla and in NE Israel (Qyriat Shemona) in the range of an unnamed form (tentatively “Near-East Rock Agama”), during March – May 1996. Additional data have been collected in Jerusalem at a distance of ca. 110 km from the first and about 170 km from the second study sites. A total of 63 individuals were caught and examined. The animals were marked and their subsequent movements were followed. Social and signal behavior of both forms were described and compared. Lizards from Negev and Qyriat Shemona differ from each other sharply in external morphology, habitat preference, population structure, and behavior. The differences obviously exceed the subspecies level. At the same time, the lizards from Jerusalem tend to be intermediate morphologically between those from both above-named localities, which permits admitting the existence of a limited gene flow between lizard populations of Negev and northern Israel. The lizards from NE Israel apparently do not belong to the nominate subspecies of L. stellio and should be regarded as one more subspecies within the species.

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