Evidence for limited larval dispersal in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops): implications for population structure and marine-reserve design

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 1723-1735 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Miller ◽  
A L Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Reserve Design ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Sebastes Melanops ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Few Data

Although dispersal distances of marine larvae influence gene flow and the establishment of population structure, few data on realized dispersal distances exist for marine species. We combined otolith microstructure and micro chemistry of black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) to assess their potential to provide relative estimates of larval dispersal distance. In 2001 and 2002 we measured trace elements at discrete otolith regions, representing the (i) egg/early-larval, (ii) pelagic larval, and (iii) late-larval/early-juvenile periods of fish collected at three locations 120–460 km apart. Discriminant-function analyses based on geochemical signatures at each otolith region accurately grouped an average of 85% (jackknife =  67%) and 87% (jackknife = 81%) of the fish to collection location in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Age at collection ranged from 83 to 174 days and parturition dates within each site were spread over a 22- to 66-day period. Therefore, individuals within sites were not released at similar times. A probable explanation of these data is that larvae from different geographic locations did not mix during ontogeny and possibly did not disperse long distances alongshore. Larval dispersal distances may be appreciably shorter, <120 km, than previously assumed based on models of passive dispersal.

scholarly journals Probability of successful larval dispersal declines fivefold over 1 km in a coral reef fish

2011 ◽  
Vol 279 (1735) ◽  
pp. 1883-1888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter M. Buston ◽  
Geoffrey P. Jones ◽  
Serge Planes ◽  
Simon R. Thorrold
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Population Connectivity ◽  
Marine Ecology ◽  
Sea Anemones ◽  
Marine Population ◽  
Amphiprion Percula ◽  
Distance Distributions ◽  
Dispersal Distances

A central question of marine ecology is, how far do larvae disperse? Coupled biophysical models predict that the probability of successful dispersal declines as a function of distance between populations. Estimates of genetic isolation-by-distance and self-recruitment provide indirect support for this prediction. Here, we conduct the first direct test of this prediction, using data from the well-studied system of clown anemonefish ( Amphiprion percula ) at Kimbe Island, in Papua New Guinea. Amphiprion percula live in small breeding groups that inhabit sea anemones. These groups can be thought of as populations within a metapopulation. We use the x- and y -coordinates of each anemone to determine the expected distribution of dispersal distances (the distribution of distances between each and every population in the metapopulation). We use parentage analyses to trace recruits back to parents and determine the observed distribution of dispersal distances. Then, we employ a logistic model to (i) compare the observed and expected dispersal distance distributions and (ii) determine the relationship between the probability of successful dispersal and the distance between populations. The observed and expected dispersal distance distributions are significantly different ( p < 0.0001). Remarkably, the probability of successful dispersal between populations decreases fivefold over 1 km. This study provides a framework for quantitative investigations of larval dispersal that can be applied to other species. Further, the approach facilitates testing biological and physical hypotheses for the factors influencing larval dispersal in unison, which will advance our understanding of marine population connectivity.

Modeling no-take marine reserves in regulated fisheries: assessing the role of larval dispersal

2008 ◽  
Vol 65 (11) ◽  
pp. 2509-2523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey R. McGilliard ◽  
Ray Hilborn
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Maximum Sustainable Yield ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
The Impact

We explored the effects of larval dispersal distance on the impact of no-take marine reserves (NTMRs) implemented in fisheries with catch regulations. NTMRs exist in many fisheries with harvest regulated by annual catch limits. In these fisheries, catch is taken from outside NTMRs, potentially resulting in reduced abundance outside NTMRs and an overall reduction in catch. We used a spatial model with two life stages (larvae and adults) to evaluate the effects of larval dispersal distance for fisheries managed by a total allowable catch (TAC) and an NTMR. We examined effects of the timing of density-dependent mortality in relation to larval movement. Abundance reached similar values for populations with long and short larval dispersal distances. Catch declined substantially for stocks with short larval dispersal distances. When larval dispersal distances were long, catch declined to values below maximum sustainable yield (MSY), but stabilized. Catch per unit effort (CPUE) declined to 9% of CPUE at MSY for stocks with short distance larval dispersal after the implementation of an NTMR; with long distance larval dispersal, CPUE declined to approximately 50% or less of the CPUE at MSY. The CPUE did not reflect trends in abundance after the implementation of an NTMR.

scholarly journals Widespread Dispersal of the Crown-of-Thorns Sea Star,Acanthaster planci, across the Hawaiian Archipelago and Johnston Atoll

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly A. Timmers ◽  
Kimberly R. Andrews ◽  
Chris E. Bird ◽  
Marta J. deMaintenton ◽  
Russell E. Brainard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Gene Flow ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Hawaiian Islands ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Sea Star ◽  
Acanthaster Planci ◽  
The West ◽  
Geographic Population ◽  
Hawaiian Archipelago

The population structure of marine species is variable along the Hawaiian Archipelago; thus, it is important to understand dispersal and recruitment patterns for economically and ecologically important taxa to inform Ecosystem-based Management. Connectivity of the coral-eating crown-of-thorns sea star,Acanthaster planci, was examined from Johnston Atoll and 12 locations across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Sequences of mitochondrial DNA from 383 individuals were analyzed to infer patterns of gene flow among the Northwestern Hawaiian Islands (NWHIs), the main Hawaiian Islands, and Johnston Atoll. Population samples were genetically similar across the Hawaiian Archipelago with the exception of the west side of the Big Island of Hawaii, which was significantly differentiated from the majority of Hawaiian samples (pairwise , ). Although differentiated, Hawai`i West shares haplotypes with every other site across the Hawaiian Archipelago. Johnston Atoll was genetically distinct from every location (pairwise , ) except French Frigate Shoals (, ), supporting connectivity between the central NWHIs and Johnston Atoll. Taken together with the lack of geographic population structure and haplotypes shared among all populations, these results indicate widespread larval dispersal with few restrictions to gene flow along the archipelago.

A comparison of population structure in black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) as determined with otolith microchemistry and microsatellite DNA

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (10) ◽  
pp. 2189-2198 ◽  
Author(s):  
J A Miller ◽  
M A Banks ◽  
D Gomez-Uchida ◽  
A L Shanks
Keyword(s):  
Population Structure ◽  
Discriminant Function ◽  
Discriminant Function Analysis ◽  
Microsatellite Dna ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Otolith Microchemistry ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Complementary Information ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Sebastes Melanops

The black rockfish (Sebastes melanops) is a long-lived (≤50 years) viviparous species with an extended pelagic larval period (3–5 months) and a broad continental distribution. Prolonged larval periods have been assumed to lead to widespread dispersal resulting in minimal population structure. We tested this assumption by comparing otolith microchemistry and microsatellite DNA of adult black rockfish from four locations in Oregon and Washington. We observed significant differences among locations in element-to-Ca ratios (Mg:Ca, Mn:Ca, Zn:Ca, Sr:Ca, and Ba:Ca) at the otolith edge, which represented the last year of life. Discriminant function analysis, based on otolith element-to-Ca ratios classified, on average, 64% of the fish to collection location, suggesting that the majority of individuals from these locations did not mix. Using microsatellite DNA, we observed significant genetic differences among adults collected 340–460 km apart (FST = 0.018 ± 0.004). Using five and seven loci, 63% and 75% of the fish, respectively, were correctly assigned to collection location. These two techniques provided corroborative and complementary information on the population structure of S. melanops.

scholarly journals Young-of-the-year recruitment does not predict the abundance of older age classes in black rockfish in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Haggarty ◽  
Katie E. Lotterhos ◽  
Jonathan B. Shurin
Keyword(s):  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Spatiotemporal Variability ◽  
Suitable Habitat ◽  
Conservation Area ◽  
Black Rockfish ◽  
Barkley Sound ◽  
Class Strength ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Sebastes Melanops ◽  
Yoy Fish

Recruitment and connectivity are important criteria for designing effective marine protected areas, as coastal fish populations must be sustained by settling juveniles. However, patterns of recruitment are difficult to observe, and adults and juveniles may occupy distinct habitats. We examined patterns of adult black rockfish Sebastes melanops abundance with respect to habitat and spatiotemporal variability in recruitment of young-of-the-year (YOY) to determine how these variables influence population density in and around a rockfish conservation area (RCA). For most year classes, there was no relationship between the density of YOY and the density of 1 yr olds or the density of adults, and instead habitat variables such as topological complexity and the amount of rocky substrate predicted adult black rockfish abundance. For 1 year class of moderate abundance at the YOY stage but high abundance at the 1 yr old stage, a significant relationship between 1 yr olds and subsequent adults was observed. We surmise that overwinter survival of YOY fish may be an important determinant for year-class strength in black rockfish. Although a companion study found low recruitment of YOY inside the RCA, our data indicate that the density of many species of rockfish was higher inside the RCA. These results highlight how the density of adults can be determined by post-recruitment processes such as movement into suitable habitat and mortality, rather than by recruitment of YOY, and have implications for the design of marine reserve networks.

scholarly journals Designing well-connected marine reserves for climate-change resilience with low socio-economic costs

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
OCTO
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Marine Reserves ◽  
Marine Reserve ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Planktonic Larvae ◽  
Time Of Year ◽  
And Performance

The theory behind networks of marine reserves is that they allow protected pathways for species to grow and maintain populations through their lifecycle - from where individuals begin their lives (typically as planktonic larvae) to where they disperse and live later as adults. Individual reserves - patches of protected habitat - are linked together, often by oceanic currents, with organisms moving between the reserves. Connections between marine reserves in a common area can be explored with graph theory: visualizing ecological networks much like a concept map. The ocean is warming due to climate change. Warming water has effects on larval physiology of at least some species, including shortening the larval development period, and thus shortening larval dispersal distance. These changes could theoretically compromise the connectivity and performance of marine reserve networks, thus requiring adjusting their design to account for ocean warming.The authors used the Midriff Islands Region in the Gulf of California, Mexico as a case study to examine the effects of ocean warming on the ability of planktonic larvae to spread amongst reserves. The Midriff Islands Region features a counter-clockwise gyre in the spring and summer months, which reverses in the fall and winter. As such, larval dispersal changes depending on the time of year and where a reserve is located in relation to the center of the gyre.

Larval dispersal of Pocillopora damicornis at high latitude coral communities

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3
Author(s):  
Hanny Tioho
Keyword(s):  
Larval Dispersal ◽  
Scleractinian Coral ◽  
Pocillopora Damicornis ◽  
Northern Limit ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Coral Communities ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Latitudinal Range ◽  
Outer Area

In order to elucidate the patterns of dispersal in scleractinian coral Pocillopora damicornis near the northern limit of its latitudinal range, a total of 50 colonies (15-25 cm in diameter) of this coral were collected from Ooshima Island, Japan, and transplanted within one hour to the area of Satsuki, where they were not present before. Three concentric areas were established such as; the parental area (PA), intermediate area (IA) and outer area (OA). A total of 831 new corals were found in 1997 while 54.3% of these occurred in PA, 30.5% in IA and 15.1% in OA. In 1998, 52.3% of recruits settled in PA, 30.5% in IA and 17.2% in OA. A significant difference in the density of recruits was found among three areas, but recruit density was not significantly different between years and there was no interaction between area and year. There was no significant difference in the number of recruits among different directions, indicating no tendency for larvae to be concentrated in one particular direction. The present study suggests that the planulae of P. damicornis have limited dispersal distances at high-latitudes© Untuk menjelaskan pola penyebaran karang scleractinia Pocillopora damicornis yang berada di batas Utara penyebarannya, total 50 koloni (15-25 cm) dari karang ini dikumpulkan dari Pulau Ooshima, Jepang, dan di transplantasikan dalam waktu satu jam ke daerah Satsuki yang tidak ditemukan jenis ini. Tiga daerah ditetapkan yaitu, Daerah Induk (PA), Daerah Tengah (IA), dan Daerah Luar (OA). Sebanyak 831 karang baru ditemukan pada tahun 1997, sementara 54,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA dan 15,1% di OA. Pada tahun 1998, 52,3% ditemukan di PA, 30,5% di IA, dan 17,2% di OA. Ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan untuk kepadatan antara ketiga daerah tersebut, tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antar tahun dan tidak ada interaksi antara daerah dan tahun. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan dalam jumlah pada arah yang berbeda sehingga hal ini menunjukkan tidak ada kecenderungan bagi larva untuk terkonsentrasi pada satu arah tertentu. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa planula P.

scholarly journals Interacting effects of forest fragmentation and howler monkey foraging on germination and disperal of fig seeds

Oryx ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 266-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Carlos Serio-Silva ◽  
Victor Rico-Gray
Keyword(s):  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Alouatta Palliata ◽  
Howler Monkey ◽  
Forest Fragment ◽  
Howler Monkeys ◽  
Conservation Policies ◽  
Dispersal Distances ◽  
Alouatta Palliata Mexicana ◽  
Fragmented Forests ◽  
Individual Trees

We studied changes in germination rates and dispersal distance of seeds of Ficus perforata and F. lundelli dispersed by howler monkeys (Alouatta palliata mexicana), in a small (40 ha) ‘disturbed’ and a larger (>600 ha) ‘preserved’ tropical rainforest in southern Veracruz, Mexico. The interaction between A. p. mexicana and Ficus (Urostigma) spp. is beneficial for the interacting species and has important implications for their conservation. Howler monkeys gain from the ingestion of an important food source, germination rates of Ficus seeds are improved by passage through the monkeys' digestive tract, and the seeds are more likely to be deposited in a site suitable for germination and development. Seed dispersal distances are relatively larger in the preserved site, with both the size of the forest area and the spatial pattern of Ficus affecting the dispersal process. In a large forest fragment with ‘regularly’ distributed Ficus individuals the howler monkeys move away from the seed source, increasing the probability that the seeds are desposited on a tree other than Ficus, which is important for the germination and future development of a hemiepiphytic species. In a small forest fragment with trees distributed in clumps howlers repeatedly use the same individual trees, and faeces containing seeds may be dropped on unsuitable trees more often. These are key issues when addressing conservation policies for fragmented forests.

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