Effect of NaF, SnF2, and TiF4Toothpastes on Bovine Enamel and Dentin Erosion-Abrasion In Vitro

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of toothpastes containing TiF4, NaF, and SnF2on tooth erosion-abrasion. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were distributed into 10 groups (n=12): experimental placebo toothpaste (no F); NaF (1450 ppm F); TiF4(1450 ppm F); SnF2(1450 ppm F); SnF2(1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); TiF4(1100 ppm F) + NaF (350 ppm F); commercial toothpaste Pro-Health (SnF2—1100 ppm F + NaF—350 ppm F, Oral B); commercial toothpaste Crest (NaF—1.500 ppm F, Procter & Gamble); abrasion without toothpaste and only erosion. The erosion was performed 4 × 90 s/day (Sprite Zero). The toothpastes’ slurries were applied and the specimens abraded using an electric toothbrush 2 × 15 s/day. Between the erosive and abrasive challenges, the specimens remained in artificial saliva. After 7 days, the tooth wear was evaluated using contact profilometry (μm). The experimental toothpastes with NaF, TiF4, SnF2, and Pro-Health showed a significant reduction in enamel wear (between 42% and 54%). Pro-Health also significantly reduced the dentin wear. The toothpastes with SnF2/NaF and TiF4/NaF showed the best results in the reduction of enamel wear (62–70%) as well as TiF4, SnF2, SnF2/NaF, and TiF4/NaF for dentin wear (64–79%) (P<0.05). Therefore, the experimental toothpastes containing both conventional and metal fluoride seem to be promising in reducing tooth wear.

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Potential of Different Fluoride Gels to Prevent Erosive Tooth wear caused by Gastroesophageal Reflux

10.21203/rs.3.rs-129814/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Körner ◽

Luca Georgis ◽

Daniel Wiedemeier ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

Florian Wegehaupt

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Control Group ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Custom Made ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Enamel Wear

Abstract Background: This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear.Methods: Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens (randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)) were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 hours by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 hours (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels (Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)) in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results: The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm) showed the best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion, though G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) revealed almost equal and statistically not different results. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047).Conclusions: After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

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Potential of different fluoride gels to prevent erosive tooth wear caused by gastroesophageal reflux

BMC Oral Health ◽

10.1186/s12903-021-01548-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Philipp Körner ◽

Luca Georgis ◽

Daniel B. Wiedemeier ◽

Thomas Attin ◽

Florian J. Wegehaupt

Keyword(s):

Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Control Group ◽

Erosive Tooth Wear ◽

Custom Made ◽

Post Hoc ◽

Bovine Enamel

Abstract Background This in-vitro-study aimed to evaluate the potential of different fluoride gels to prevent gastroesophageal reflux induced erosive tooth wear. Methods Surface baseline profiles of a total of 50 bovine enamel specimens [randomly assigned to five groups (G1–5)] were recorded. All specimens were positioned in a custom made artificial oral cavity and perfused with artificial saliva (0.5 ml/min). Reflux was simulated 11 times a day during 12 h by adding HCl (pH 3.0) for 30 s (flow rate 2 ml/min). During the remaining 12 h (overnight), specimens were stored in artificial saliva and brushed twice a day (morning and evening) with a toothbrush and toothpaste slurry (15 brushing strokes). While specimens in the control group (G1) did not receive any further treatment, specimens in G2–5 were coated with different fluoride gels [Elmex Gelée (G2); Paro Amin Fluor Gelée (G3); Paro Fluor Gelée Natriumfluorid (G4); Sensodyne ProSchmelz Fluorid Gelée (G5)] in the evening for 30 s. After 20 days, surface profiles were recorded again and enamel loss was determined by comparing them with the baseline profiles. The results were statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey`s HSD post-hoc test. Results The overall highest mean wear of enamel (9.88 ± 1.73 µm) was observed in the control group (G1), where no fluoride gel was applied. It was significantly higher (p < 0.001) compared to all other groups. G2 (5.03 ± 1.43 µm), G3 (5.47 ± 0.63 µm, p = 0.918) and G4 (5.14 ± 0.82 µm, p > 0.999) showed the overall best protection from hydrochloric acid induced erosion. Enamel wear in G5 (6.64 ± 0.86 µm) was significantly higher compared to G2 (p = 0.028) and G4 (p = 0.047). Conclusions After 20 days of daily application, all investigated fluoride gels are able to significantly reduce gastroesophageal reflux induced loss of enamel.

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Solutions and gels containing a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) reduce enamel and dentin erosion in vitro

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000520261 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Lethycia Almeida Santos ◽

Tatiana Martini ◽

João Victor Frazão Câmara ◽

Fabiana Navas Reis ◽

Adriana de Cássia Ortiz ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Dental Erosion ◽

Positive Control ◽

New Approach ◽

Enamel Erosion ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Dentin Erosion ◽

Positive Controls

The effect of solutions and gels containing a sugarcane-derived cystatin (CaneCPI-5) on the protection against enamel and dentin erosion in vitro was evaluated. Bovine enamel and dentin specimens were divided into two groups (n=135 and 153/group for enamel and dentin, respectively) that were treated with solutions or chitosan gels containing 0.1 or 0.25 mg/ml CaneCPI-5. The positive controls for solutions and gels were Elmex Erosion Protection™ solution and NaF gel (12,300 ppm F), respectively. Deionized water and chitosan gel served as controls, respectively. The solutions were first applied on the specimens for 1 min and the gels for 4 min. Stimulated saliva was collected from 3 donors and used to form a 2 h acquired pellicle on the specimens. Then, the specimens were submitted to an erosive pH cycling protocol 4 times/day for 7 days (0.1% citric acid pH 2.5/90s, artificial saliva/2h, artificial saliva overnight). The solutions and gels were applied again during pH cycling, 2 times/day for 1 min and 4 min, respectively, after the first and last erosive challenges. Enamel and dentin losses (µm) were assessed by contact profilometry. Data were analyzed by 2-way ANOVA and Tukey´s test (p <0.05). All the treatments significantly reduced enamel and dentin loss in comparison with controls. Both CaneCPI-5 concentrations had a similar protective effect against enamel erosion, but only the higher concentration was as effective against dentin erosion as the positive control. Regarding the vehicles, only the 0.1 mg/ml gel performed worse than the positive control for dentin. CaneCPI-5 reduced enamel and dentin erosion to a similar extent as the fluoride-containing vehicles. However, dentin requires higher CaneCPI-5 concentrations, in the case of gels. Solutions or gels containing CaneCPI-5 might be a new approach to protect against dental erosion.

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Bleaching Gels Containing Calcium and Fluoride: Effect on Enamel Erosion Susceptibility

International Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1155/2012/347848 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 2012 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Alessandra B. Borges ◽

Carlos R. G. Torres ◽

Paulo A. B. de Souza ◽

Taciana M. F. Caneppele ◽

Luciana F. T. F. Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hydrogen Peroxide ◽

Calcium Gluconate ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Bleaching Agent ◽

Enamel Erosion ◽

Agent Control ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Enamel Wear ◽

Bleaching Gels

Thisin vitrostudy evaluated the effect of 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) bleaching gel modified or not by the addition of calcium and fluoride on enamel susceptibility to erosion. Bovine enamel samples (3 mm in diameter) were divided into four groups (n=15) according to the bleaching agent: control—without bleaching (C); 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); 35% HP with the addition of 2% calcium gluconate (HP + Ca); 35% HP with the addition of 0.6% sodium fluoride (HP + F). The bleaching gels were applied on the enamel surface for 40 min, and the specimens were subjected to erosive challenge with Sprite Zero and remineralization with artificial saliva for 5 days. Enamel wear was assessed using profilometry. The data were analyzed by ANOVA/ Tukey’s test (P<0.05). There were significant differences among the groups (P=0.009). The most enamel wear was seen for C (3.37±0.80 μm), followed by HP (2.89±0.98 μm) and HP + F (2.72±0.64 μm). HP + Ca (2.31±0.92 μm) was the only group able to significantly reduce enamel erosion compared to C. The application of HP bleaching agent did not increase the enamel susceptibility to erosion. However, the addition of calcium gluconate to the HP gel resulted in reduced susceptibility of the enamel to erosion.

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IMPACT OF LIGHT AND SUGAR-FREE BEVERAGES ON DENTIN EROSION - AN IN VITRO STUDY

Journal of Research in Dentistry ◽

10.19177/jrd.v2e22014159-68 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 159

Author(s):

Ana Luiza Ubinha Moino ◽

Catarina Ribeiro Barros Alencar ◽

Maisa Camilo Jordão ◽

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽

Ana Carolina Magalhães ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fruit Juice ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Erosive Wear ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Tooth Wear ◽

Passion Fruit ◽

Root Dentin ◽

Bonferroni Test ◽

Dentin Erosion

AIM: To compare the erosive effect of different light and sugar free beverages in relation to their regular version, on dentin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bovine root dentin samples were randomized into 9 different types of drinks (each n=12): Coca-cola®, Light Coca-cola®, Coca-cola® Zero, Guaraná Antartica®, Guaraná Antartica® Zero, Sprite®, Sprite® Zero, Del Valle® Passion fruit juice and Del Valle® Light Passion fruit juice. During each one of the 10 experimental days, the samples were subjected to 3 erosive demineralization (by immersion of the sample in the studied drink) and remineralization (by immersion of the sample in artificial saliva) cycles. Profilometry was evaluated at the end of the 1st, 5th and 10th days. For each type of drink, the data were tested using 2 way ANOVA and Bonferroni test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Erosive cycling with regular cola resulted in a higher wear on the first day, on the 5th day the regular drink was similar to zero and greater than light version, on the 10th day there was no difference between the versions of cola drink. For the Sprite drink there was difference between the versions just in the 10th day, in which the higher wear was promoted by the zero version. For guaraná and juice beverages there was no differences between versions in relation to the resulted erosive wear. CONCLUSION: Erosive tooth wear promoted by light and sugar-free or regular versions of soft drinks and juices showed distinct behaviours over the cycling time.

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Effect of a Single Application of TiF4 Varnish versus Daily Use of a Low-Concentrated TiF4/NaF Solution on Tooth Erosion Prevention in vitro

Caries Research ◽

10.1159/000448146 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 50 (5) ◽

pp. 462-470 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ana Carolina Magalhães ◽

Milena Gargaro dos Santos ◽

Livia Picchi Comar ◽

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf ◽

Carolina Ganss ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Citric Acid ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Tooth Loss ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Tooth Erosion ◽

Single Application ◽

Root Dentin ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Erosion Prevention

This study investigated the isolated and combined effect of a single application of TiF4 or NaF varnish versus daily use of a solution containing a low concentration of TiF4/NaF against tooth erosion in vitro. A total of 90 bovine enamel and 108 root dentin samples were treated as follows: control (no treatment), solution containing TiF4/NaF (500 ppm F-, pH 4.4), NaF varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 5.0), TiF4 varnish (24,500 ppm F-, pH 1.0), TiF4 varnish + solution, and NaF varnish + solution. The erosive challenges were performed 4 × 90s/day (0.1% citric acid, pH 2.5) and, between them, the samples were immersed in artificial saliva. The tooth loss was measured using contact profilometry (after 7 days for dentin and after 7, 10, and 14 days for enamel). All treatments were effective in reducing tooth loss, except NaF varnish for enamel on day 7 (p < 0.0001). TiF4/NaF solution and TiF4 varnish did not differ with respect to enamel loss for 10 days; thereafter, TiF4 varnish lost its protective effect compared to TiF4/NaF solution. The combination of vehicles was more effective in reducing enamel loss than both varnishes on their own but not compared to the solution. For dentin, TiF4 varnish was more effective than NaF varnish, while TiF4/NaF solution and NaF varnish were similar. The combination of vehicles improved the protective effect only when compared to NaF varnish on its own (p < 0.0001). Both types of TiF4 applications, isolated or combined, were effective against tooth erosion, but some differences in their performance were seen between enamel and dentin.

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Effect of Two Antioxidants Agents on Microtensile Bond Strength to Bleached Enamel

Brazilian Dental Journal ◽

10.1590/0103-6440201600757 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 27 (5) ◽

pp. 532-536 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Marina Studart Alencar ◽

◽

Juliana Fraga Soares Bombonatti ◽

Rafael Massunari Maenosono ◽

Ana Flávia Soares ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bond Strength ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate ◽

Artificial Saliva ◽

Sodium Bicarbonate Solution ◽

Sodium Ascorbate ◽

Scanning Electron Microscopy Data ◽

Microtensile Bond Strength ◽

Etch And Rinse ◽

Bovine Enamel

Abstract This in vitro study evaluated the effect of sodium bicarbonate and sodium ascorbate on the microtensile bond strength of an etch-and-rinse system to bleached bovine enamel. Sixty bovine enamel blocks (4x4 mm) were flattened and randomly allocated into 5 groups: G1 (negative control): without treatment; G2 (positive control): bleached with 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP); G3: bleached and stored for 7 days in artificial saliva before restorative procedures; G4: bleached and treated with 10% sodium bicarbonate solution for 5 min; G5: bleached and treated with 10% sodium ascorbate hydrogel for 15 min. HP gel was applied twice (20 min each, except in G1) and the adhesive restorations were performed. After 24 h, the specimens were sectioned into sticks and submitted to microtensile bond strength testing with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min (n=12). As a complementary visual observation, the enamel surfaces of the G1 and G2 specimens were evaluated with scanning electron microscopy. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA (p<0.05). The means (standard deviation) were: G1: 24.22±7.74; G2: 18.29±5.88; G3: 40.88±7.95; G4: 19.95±5.67 and G5: 24.43±6.43. Adhesive failures were predominant in all groups. The comparison between the treatments indicates that waiting 7 days after bleaching is still the most effective approach. When this waiting period is not possible, application of sodium ascorbate or sodium bicarbonate seems to be a good alternative. Therefore, the practicality of obtaining sodium bicarbonate in the bleaching kits and its higher stability enables its clinical use.

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Evaluation of The Erosive Potential of Soft Drinks

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1698304 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 01 (01) ◽

pp. 010-013 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

Sílvia Helena de Carvalho Sales-Peres ◽

Ana Carolina Magalhães ◽

Maria Aparecida de Andrade Moreira Machado ◽

Marília Afonso Rabelo Buzalaf

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Dental Enamel ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Glass Electrode ◽

Buffering Capacity ◽

Soft Drinks ◽

Enamel Erosion ◽

The Mean ◽

Bovine Enamel

ABSTRACTObjectives: This in vitro study evaluated the capability of different soft drinks (Coca-Cola® -C, Coca- Cola Light® -CL, Guaraná® -G, Pepsi Twist® -P and Sprite Light® -SL) to erode dental enamel, relating the percentage of superficial microhardness change (%SMHC) to concentrations of fluoride and phosphate, buffering capacity and pH of these drinks.Methods: The soft drinks were evaluated in respect to concentration of phosphate and fluoride spectrophotometrically using Fiske, Subarrow method and by specific electrode (Orion 9609), respectively. The pH and the buffering capacity were determined by glass electrode and by estimating of the volume of NaOH necessary to change the pH of the drink in one unit, respectively. One hundred specimens of bovine enamel were randomly assigned to 5 groups of 20 each. They were exposed to 4 cycles of demineralisation in the beverage and remineralisation in artificial saliva. The softening of enamel was evaluated by %SMHC.Results: The mean %SMHC was:C=77.27%, CL= 72.45%, SL=78.43%, G=66.65% and P=67.95%. Comparing the %SMHC promoted by 5 soft drinks, SL = C > CL > P = G (P<.05). There was not significant correlation between %SMHC and the other variables tested for the five drinks (P>>.05)Conclusions: The five soft drinks caused surface softening of enamel (erosion). In respect to the chemical variables tested, despite not statistically significant, the pH seems to have more influence on the erosive potential of these drinks. (Eur J Dent 2007;1:10-13)

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An In Vitro Investigation of Anticaries Efficacy of Fluoride Varnishes

Operative Dentistry ◽

10.2341/18-040-l ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. E234-E243 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

L Al Dehailan ◽

EA Martinez-Mier ◽

GJ Eckert ◽

F Lippert

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

Acid Resistance ◽

Fluoride Release ◽

In Vitro Investigation ◽

Ph Cycling ◽

Baseline Values ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Early Caries ◽

Caries Lesions

SUMMARY Most currently marketed fluoride varnishes (FVs) have not been evaluated for their effectiveness in preventing dental caries. The objective of this study was to investigate the anticaries efficacy, measured as fluoride release into artificial saliva (AS); change in surface microhardness of early enamel caries lesions; and enamel fluoride uptake (EFU) of 14 commercially available FVs and two control groups. Bovine enamel specimens (5×5 mm) were prepared and assigned to 18 groups (n=12). Early caries lesions were created in the specimens and characterized using Vickers microhardness (VHNlesion). FV was applied to each group of specimens. Immediately afterward, specimens were incubated in 4 mL of AS for 18 hours, which were collected and renewed every hour for the first six hours. AS samples were analyzed for fluoride using an ion-specific electrode. Specimens were then brushed for 20 seconds with toothpaste slurry and subjected to pH cycling consisting of a four-hour/day acid challenge and one-minute treatments with 1100 ppm F dentifrice for five days. Microhardness was measured following pH cycling (VHNpost). EFU was determined using microbiopsy. Acid resistance (eight-hour demin challenge) was performed after pH cycling, and microhardness was measured (VHNart) and compared with baseline values to test the FV impact after pH cycling. One-way analysis of variance was used for data analysis (α=0.05). FVs differed in their release characteristics (mean ± SD ranged from 14.97 ± 2.38 μg/mL to 0.50 ± 0.15 μg/mL), rehardening capability (mean ± SD ranged from 24.3 ± 15.1 to 11.7 ± 12.7), and ability to deliver fluoride to demineralized lesions (mean ± SD ranged from 3303 ± 789 μg/cm3 to 707 ± 238 μg/cm3). Statistically significant but weak linear associations were found between ΔVHN(post – lesion), EFU, and fluoride release (correlations 0.21-0.36). The results of this study demonstrated that differences in FV composition can affect their efficacy in in vitro conditions.

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Effects of a bleaching agent with calcium on bovine enamel

European Journal of Dentistry ◽

10.4103/1305-7456.137634 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 08 (03) ◽

pp. 320-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Larissa Alexandrino ◽

Yasmin Gomes ◽

Eliane Alves ◽

Hilton Costi ◽

Hervé Rogez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Artificial Saliva ◽

In Vitro Study ◽

Negative Control ◽

Double Blind ◽

Tristimulus Colorimetry ◽

Mean Values ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Bovine Enamel ◽

Bleaching Treatment

ABSTRACT Objective: This in vitro study analyzed the effects of a bleaching treatment containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP) with or without calcium on bovine enamel, using the Knoop hardness number (KHN), tristimulus colorimetry (TC), and scanning electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: Forty-five specimens were randomly divided into groups (n = 5), which included artificial saliva (negative control [NC]), 35% HP (positive control [PC]), and 35% HP Blue Calcium (HP Blue). The specimens were subjected to three bleaching sessions. During the sessions, the specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C. Before and after bleaching, KHN tests were conducted using a force of 25 gf for 5 s. TC was performed using the CIE-L*a*b* system and readouts were obtained at the following 4 time points: Before the bleaching treatment; after the first session, the second session, and the third session. The specimens were dehydrated and coated with gold, and the photomicrographs were analyzed in a double-blind manner with a LEO microscope. Results: Using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's test (P < 0.05), a statistically significant difference was identified between the initial and final mean KHNs of the NC and PC groups, while the initial and final mean KHNs were not significantly different in the HP Blue group. The final mean values of ⋄E, ⋄L, and ⋄b of the PC and HP Blue groups were significantly higher than the initial values (P < 0.01 for both). The photomicrographs revealed no differences among the groups. Conclusions: Therefore, treatment with HP Blue prevented changes in the KHN without reducing the efficacy of bleaching.

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