scholarly journals Effects of 16-Week Consumption of Caffeinated and Decaffeinated Instant Coffee on Glucose Metabolism in a Randomized Controlled Trial

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keizo Ohnaka ◽  
Mizuko Ikeda ◽  
Takako Maki ◽  
Tomoko Okada ◽  
Takao Shimazoe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Instant Coffee ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Decaffeinated Coffee ◽  
Caffeinated Coffee

Objective. Observational studies have shown a protective association between coffee consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus whereas caffeine or caffeinated coffee acutely deteriorates glucose tolerance. We investigated the effects of chronic drinking of instant coffee on glucose and insulin concentrations during a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test.Methods. Overweight men with a mild-to-moderate elevation of fasting plasma glucose were randomly allocated to a 16-week intervention of consuming 5 cups of caffeinated (n=17) or decaffeinated (n=15) instant coffee per day or no coffee (n=13).Results. The caffeinated coffee group showed statistically significant decreases in the 2-hour concentrations and the area under the curve of glucose while neither decaffeinated coffee nor coffee group showed such a change. Waist circumstance decreased in the caffeinated coffee group, increased in the decaffeinated coffee group, and did not change in the noncoffee group (P=0.002). With adjustment for the change in waist circumference, caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption were associated with a modest decrease in the postload glucose levels.Conclusion. Both caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee may be protective against deterioration of glucose tolerance.

scholarly journals Influence of Cinnamon on Glycemic Control in Individuals With Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulio R Romeo ◽  
Junhee Lee ◽  
Christopher M Mulla ◽  
Youngmin Noh ◽  
Casey Holden ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Favorable Safety

Abstract Context The identification of adjunct safe, durable, and cost-effective approaches to reduce the progression from prediabetes to type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a clinically relevant, unmet goal. It is unknown whether cinnamon’s glucose-lowering properties can be leveraged in individuals with prediabetes. Objective The objective of this work is to investigate the effects of cinnamon on measures of glucose homeostasis in prediabetes. Design, Setting, Participants, and Intervention This double-blind, placebo-controlled, clinical trial randomly assigned adult individuals meeting any criteria for prediabetes to receive cinnamon 500 mg or placebo thrice daily (n = 27/group). Participants were enrolled and followed at 2 academic centers for 12 weeks. Main Outcome Measures Primary outcome was the between-group difference in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) at 12 weeks from baseline. Secondary end points included the change in 2-hour PG of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and the change in the PG area under the curve (AUC) derived from the OGTT. Results From a similar baseline, FPG rose after 12 weeks with placebo but remained stable with cinnamon, leading to a mean between-group difference of 5 mg/dL (P < .05). When compared to the respective baseline, cinnamon, but not placebo, resulted in a significant decrease of the AUC PG (P < .001) and of the 2-hour PG of the OGTT (P < .05). There were no serious adverse events in either study group. Conclusions In individuals with prediabetes, 12 weeks of cinnamon supplementation improved FPG and glucose tolerance, with a favorable safety profile. Longer and larger studies should address cinnamon’s effects on the rate of progression from prediabetes to T2D.

scholarly journals No difference in exogenous carbohydrate oxidation during exercise in children with and without impaired glucose tolerance

2016 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 724-729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Chu ◽  
Katherine M. Morrison ◽  
Michael C. Riddell ◽  
Sandeep Raha ◽  
Brian W. Timmons
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Normal Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Glucose Levels

The capacity to match carbohydrate (CHO) utilization with availability is impaired in insulin-resistant, obese adults at rest. Understanding exogenous carbohydrate (CHOexo) oxidation during exercise and its association to insulin resistance (IR) is important, especially in children at risk for type 2 diabetes. Our objective was to examine the oxidative efficiency of CHOexo during exercise in obese children with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Children attended two visits and were identified as NGT ( n = 22) or IGT ( n = 12) based on 2-h oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose levels of <7.8 mmol/l or ≥7.8 mmol/l, respectively. Anthropometry, body composition, and aerobic fitness (V̇o2max) were assessed. Insulin and glucose at baseline, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min during the OGTT were used to calculate measures of insulin sensitivity. On a separate day, a 13C-enriched CHO drink was ingested before exercise (3 × 20 min bouts) at 45% V̇o2max. Breath measurements were collected to calculate CHOexo oxidative efficiency. CHOexo oxidative efficiency during exercise was similar in IGT (17.0 ± 3.6%) compared with NGT (17.1 ± 4.4%) ( P = 0.90) despite lower whole body insulin sensitivity in IGT at rest ( P = 0.02). Area under the curve for insulin (AUCins) measured at rest during the OGTT was greater in IGT compared with NGT ( P = 0.04). The ability of skeletal muscle to utilize CHOexo was not impaired during exercise in children with IGT.

scholarly journals Baseline Characteristics of Participants in a Randomized Controlled Trial of Metformin for Frailty Prevention

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 130-131
Author(s):  
Tiffany Cortes ◽  
Nicolas Musi ◽  
Chen-pin Wang ◽  
Joel Michalek ◽  
Sara Espinoza
Keyword(s):  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Physical Performance ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Insulin Clamp ◽  
And Function

Abstract We are conducting a double-blind, randomized controlled trial of metformin for frailty prevention. Participants are adults aged 65+ years with pre-diabetes assessed by 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Those who are frail (Fried criteria) are excluded. Participants are randomized to metformin (maximum dose of 2,000 mg/day) vs. placebo and followed for 2 years. The primary outcome is frailty (category and score); secondary outcomes are physical performance and function (short physical performance battery, 6-minute walk, lower extremity strength), systemic and skeletal muscle tissue inflammation, muscle insulin signaling, insulin sensitivity (insulin clamp), glucose tolerance (OGTT), and body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry). Safety assessments occur every 3 months; frailty, systemic inflammation, and OGTT are assessed at baseline and every 6 months, and insulin clamp with muscle biopsies are assessed at baseline and every 12 months. To date, 85 subjects have been randomized; 120 completers are planned. Mean age is 72.8 ± 5.7 years, 55.3% are male, and 43.5% were Hispanic. Mean BMI is 30.2±5.8 kg/m2, waist circumference is 104.4 ±15.5 cm, fasting glucose is 102.3 ± 10.0 mg/dL, Hemoglobin A1c is 5.8 ±0.3, and glucose at 2 hours during OGTT is 167.3 ± 17.8 mg/dL. Metformin is being examined in this study as a potential therapeutic agent to prevent frailty in older adults with pre-diabetes. Findings from this trial may have future implications for the screening and potential treatment of pre-diabetes in older patients with metformin for the prevention of frailty.

scholarly journals Glucose area under the curve during oral glucose tolerance test as an index of glucose intolerance

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazuhiko Sakaguchi ◽  
Kazuo Takeda ◽  
Mitsuo Maeda ◽  
Wataru Ogawa ◽  
Toshiyuki Sato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Glucose Intolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance

scholarly journals Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of hypoglycemic properties of the root extract of Uveria chamae

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emordi Jonathan Emeka ◽  
Agbaje Esther Oluwatoyin ◽  
Oreagba Ibrahim Adekunle ◽  
Iribhogbe Osede Ignis
Keyword(s):  
Single Dose ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Oral Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels

<p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the hypoglycaemic properties and preliminary phytochemical screening of <em>Uveria chamae</em>. The hypoglycaemic properties of <em>Uveria chamae</em> was assessed on normoglycaemic rat that received single dose of the extract at 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight and blood glucose levels estimated at 2, 4, and 6 hours (single dose study). The hypoglycaemic property of the extract was also evaluated in normoglycemic rats by oral glucose tolerance test. Phytochemical screening of the extract for the presence of secondary metabolites was performed with standard methods. The extract showed a significant (p&lt;0.05) reduction in blood glucose levels at 2h and 6h compared to control.  The oral glucose tolerance test  result also showed a significant decrease (p&lt;0.05) in blood glucose levels . The study showed that the extract, <em>Uveria chamae</em> has hypoglycaemic properties which may be accounted for by the presence of the phytochemicals.</p><p> </p>

Glucose levels are associated with cardiovascular disease and death in an international cohort of normal glycaemic and dysglycaemic men and women: the EpiDREAM cohort study

2011 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Anand ◽  
GR Dagenais ◽  
V Mohan ◽  
R Diaz ◽  
J Probstfield ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Death Event ◽  
Lower Glucose ◽  
Artery Disease

Aims: In an international prospective cohort study we assessed the relationship between glucose levels and incident cardiovascular events and death. Methods and results: 18,990 men and women were screened for entry into the DREAM clinical trial from 21 different countries. All had clinical and biochemical information collected at baseline, including an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and were prospectively followed over a median (IQR) of 3.5 (3.0–4.0) years for incident cardiovascular (CV) events including coronary artery disease (CAD), stroke, congestive heart failure (CHF) requiring hospitalization, and death. After OGTT screening, 8000 subjects were classified as normoglycaemic, 8427 had impaired fasting glucose (IFG) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), and 2563 subjects had newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). There were incident events in 491 individuals: 282 CAD, 54 strokes, 19 CHF, and 164 died. The annualized CV or death event rate was 0.79/100 person-years in the overall cohort, 0.51/100 person-years in normoglycaemics, 0.92/100 person-years among subjects with IFG and/or IGT at baseline, and 1.27/100 person-years among those with DM ( p for trend <0.0001). Among all subjects, a 1 mmol/l increase in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) or a 2.52 mmol/l increase in the 2-h post-OGTT glucose was associated with a hazard ratio increase in the risk of CV events or death of 1.17 (95% CI 1.13–1.22). Conclusions: In this large multiethnic cohort, the risk of CV events or death increased progressively among individuals who were normoglycaemic, IFG or IGT, and newly diagnosed diabetics. A 1 mmol/l increase in FPG was associated with a 17% increase in the risk of future CV events or death. Therapeutic or behavioural interventions designed to either prevent glucose levels from rising, or lower glucose among individuals with dysglycaemia should be evaluated.

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