Metric-Based Cooperative Routing in Multihop Ad Hoc Networks

Cooperative communication fully leverages the broadcast nature of wireless channels and exploits time/spatial diversity in a distributed manner, thereby achieving significant improvements in system capacity and transmission reliability. Cooperative diversity has been well studied from the physical layer perspective. Thereafter, cooperative MAC design has also drawn much attention recently. However, very little work has addressed cooperation at the routing layer. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient scheme for cooperative routing by using cooperative metrics including packet delivery ratio, throughput, and energy consumption efficiency. To make a routing decision based on our scheme, a node needs to first determine whether cooperation on each link is necessary or not, and if necessary, select the optimal cooperative scheme as well as the optimal relay. To do so, we calculate and compare cooperative routing metric values for each potential relay for each different cooperative MAC scheme (C-ARQ and CoopMAC in this study), and further choose the best value and compare it with the noncooperative link metric. Using the final optimal metric value instead of the traditional metric value at the routing layer, new optimal paths are set up in multihop ad hoc networks, by taking into account the cooperative benefits from the MAC layer. The network performance of the cooperative routing solution is demonstrated using a simple network topology.

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Ad Hoc Network as a Solution in Disaster Management

10.21203/rs.3.rs-496263/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Vishal Dattana ◽

Ashwani Kush ◽

Raza Hasan ◽

Salman Mahmood ◽

Vikas Rao Naidu

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Natural Disaster ◽

Communication Systems ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Multihop Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Communication Links ◽

Hoc Networks ◽

Network Status

Abstract Whenever some natural disaster occurs, the immediate and most dreadful impact is a communication failure. It can easily be understood that communication systems can make a significant difference between survivals for life and death for those affected areas. Due to the potential for existing telecommunication infrastructure to be damaged, disasters are one of the most difficult implementations of multihop ad hoc networks Following a natural disaster, the deployed cellular network system could be partially or entirely lost. Multihop ad hoc contact is an intriguing option for dealing with a lack of communication in crisis situations. In many situations, ad hoc networks have been used for recovery or communication links. The main reason behind the concept is that they are infrastructure less and can adopt any topology. Though in the research arena disaster situations are one of the challenging areas. The situation can be disastrous in many ways, in this paper underwater situation like flood etc. have been considered as a case study. It has been observed that a significant gain in the signal strength ranges from 50–70% have been achieved which is quite respectable in disaster situations. The performance has been evaluated in terms of energy and signals gained. The research has been carried out and promising results were evident from the simulation. The new scheme performs better in certain cases and minor delay can be acceptable in the disastrous situations. We present criteria for ad hoc networks used in disaster for emergency response, with a focus on delay, packet delivery ratio, size, speed, and providing network status awareness through the network's nodes.

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A Bandwidth and Energy Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Enhanced Performance in Ad-hoc Networks

International Journal of Sensors Wireless Communications and Control ◽

10.2174/2210327908666180801125735 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (2) ◽

pp. 203-213

Author(s):

Priyanka Bharadwaj ◽

Surjeet Balhara

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocol ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Qos Routing ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Energy Aware ◽

Multimedia Services ◽

Average Delay ◽

Hoc Networks

Background & Objective: There are some challenging issues such as providing Quality of Service (QoS), restricted usage of channels and shared bandwidth pertaining to ad-hoc networks in a dynamic topology. Hence, there is a requirement to support QoS for the application environment and multimedia services in ad-hoc networks with the fast growing and emerging development of information technology. Eventually, bandwidth is one of the key elements to be considered. Methods: Energy aware QoS routing protocol in an ad-hoc network is presented in this article. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results indicate that the improved protocol outperforms Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in terms of QoS metric such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, loss rate and average delay.

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Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANETs

Recent Advances in Computer Science and Communications ◽

10.2174/2666255813666190911114130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 ◽

Author(s):

Rajnesh Singh ◽

Neeta Singh ◽

Aarti Gautam Dinker

Keyword(s):

Ad Hoc Networks ◽

Routing Protocols ◽

Ad Hoc ◽

Packet Delivery Ratio ◽

Transport Layer ◽

Destination Node ◽

Delivery Ratio ◽

Packet Delivery ◽

Two Measures ◽

Hoc Networks

TCP is the most reliable transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery from source to destination node. TCP works well in wired networks but it is assumed that TCP is less preferred for ad-hoc networks. However, for application in ad-hoc networks, TCP can be modified to improve its performance. Various researchers have proposed improvised variants of TCP by only one or two measures. These one or two measures do not seem to be sufficient for proper analysis of improvised version of TCP. So, in this paper, the performance of different TCP versions is investigated with DSDV and AODV routing Protocols. We analyzed various performance measures such as throughput, delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio and number of acknowledgements. The simulation results are carried out by varying number of nodes in network simulator tool NS2. It is observed that TCP Newreno achieved higher throughput and packet delivery ratio with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols.Whereas TCP Vegas achieved minimum delay and packet loss with both DSDV and AODV protocol. However TCP sack achieved minimum acknowledgment with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. In this paper the comparison of all these TCP variants shows that TCP Newreno provides better performance with both AODV and DSDV protocols.

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