scholarly journals Ad Hoc Network as a Solution in Disaster Management

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Dattana ◽  
Ashwani Kush ◽  
Raza Hasan ◽  
Salman Mahmood ◽  
Vikas Rao Naidu
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Natural Disaster ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Multihop Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Network Status

Abstract Whenever some natural disaster occurs, the immediate and most dreadful impact is a communication failure. It can easily be understood that communication systems can make a significant difference between survivals for life and death for those affected areas. Due to the potential for existing telecommunication infrastructure to be damaged, disasters are one of the most difficult implementations of multihop ad hoc networks Following a natural disaster, the deployed cellular network system could be partially or entirely lost. Multihop ad hoc contact is an intriguing option for dealing with a lack of communication in crisis situations. In many situations, ad hoc networks have been used for recovery or communication links. The main reason behind the concept is that they are infrastructure less and can adopt any topology. Though in the research arena disaster situations are one of the challenging areas. The situation can be disastrous in many ways, in this paper underwater situation like flood etc. have been considered as a case study. It has been observed that a significant gain in the signal strength ranges from 50–70% have been achieved which is quite respectable in disaster situations. The performance has been evaluated in terms of energy and signals gained. The research has been carried out and promising results were evident from the simulation. The new scheme performs better in certain cases and minor delay can be acceptable in the disastrous situations. We present criteria for ad hoc networks used in disaster for emergency response, with a focus on delay, packet delivery ratio, size, speed, and providing network status awareness through the network's nodes.

scholarly journals Metric-Based Cooperative Routing in Multihop Ad Hoc Networks

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin He ◽  
Frank Y. Li
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Cooperative Diversity ◽  
Spatial Diversity ◽  
System Capacity ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Multihop Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Cooperative Routing ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Cooperative Mac

Cooperative communication fully leverages the broadcast nature of wireless channels and exploits time/spatial diversity in a distributed manner, thereby achieving significant improvements in system capacity and transmission reliability. Cooperative diversity has been well studied from the physical layer perspective. Thereafter, cooperative MAC design has also drawn much attention recently. However, very little work has addressed cooperation at the routing layer. In this paper, we propose a simple yet efficient scheme for cooperative routing by using cooperative metrics including packet delivery ratio, throughput, and energy consumption efficiency. To make a routing decision based on our scheme, a node needs to first determine whether cooperation on each link is necessary or not, and if necessary, select the optimal cooperative scheme as well as the optimal relay. To do so, we calculate and compare cooperative routing metric values for each potential relay for each different cooperative MAC scheme (C-ARQ and CoopMAC in this study), and further choose the best value and compare it with the noncooperative link metric. Using the final optimal metric value instead of the traditional metric value at the routing layer, new optimal paths are set up in multihop ad hoc networks, by taking into account the cooperative benefits from the MAC layer. The network performance of the cooperative routing solution is demonstrated using a simple network topology.

scholarly journals Mobility-prediction and energy optimization for multi-channel multi-interface ad hoc networks in the presence of location errors

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 315
Author(s):  
Hassan Faouzi ◽  
Mohammed Boutalline
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Energy Optimization ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Mobility Prediction ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Location Errors ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Routing Performance ◽  
Hoc Networks

We present a mobility-prediction and energy optimization solution for multi-channel multi-interface (MCMI) ad hoc networks in the presence of location errors. This solution includes routing of the MCMI communication links that adapt to dynamic channel, traffic conditions, interference and mobility of nodes. We start first with implementing a novel cross-layer routing solution in order to share information between network and MAC layer, the benefit of this technique is to collect information about the channel quality and residual energy of the nodes and send them directly to the network layer. Next, we present a mobility-prediction model using Kalman filter to predict accurate locations and enhance routing performance, through estimating link duration and selecting reliable routes. The performance of proposed mechanism is measured using NS2.35 simulations with different scenarios and varying load in a network. Comparative analysis of simulation results shows better performance of our protocol (ME-MCMI AODV) in terms of reducing end-to-end delay, total dropped packets and increasing network lifetime and packet delivery ratio (PDR).

scholarly journals An Optimized and Hybrid Energy Aware Routing Model for Effective Detection Of Flooding Attacks in a Manet Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mallikarjuna Nandi ◽  
Anusha Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Inference System ◽  
Flooding Attacks ◽  
Hoc Networks

Abstract Ad Hoc networks for communication have completely replaced the existing communication technologies which are dependant on infrastructure. An attractive and widely utilized field in communication systems is Mobile Ad Hoc Networks or the MANETs which are a derivative of the conventional Ad Hoc Networks. Security of information communicated through MANETs as well as the robust nature of the network is a prime issue of concern and research in recent times. Amongst various attacks prevalent on MANET environment, packet flooding is a common attack and causes a devastating effect on MANET nodes which if left undetected may lead to consequent crashing of the entire network. Floodding attacks also tend to consume enormous energy well above the prescribed energy consumption limits per node resulting in lifetime reduction. Hence, detection of these malicious nodes and their differentiation from trustworthy nodes is taken as the research objective in this paper. This paper presents feature extraction anda classification model based on ANFIS (Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System). By using ANFIS classifier, the extracted featureis trained and then classified.Further to counter the flooding cum energy preserving routing, this paper proposes a SMA integration with AODVprotocol called SMA2AODV to detect flooding attacks for MANETs. After detecting, the hybrid model ACO combined with FDR PSO for optimizing energy. ACO-FDR PSO identifies the energy-efficient routeand minimizes energy consumption in the network, toincrease node lifetime that ensures energy-efficient routing. The performance metrics like throughput, packet delivery ratio, attack detection ratio, and energy consumption areanalyzedby using the NS-2 simulator with existing benchmark methods.

A Bandwidth and Energy Aware QoS Routing Protocol for Enhanced Performance in Ad-hoc Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 203-213
Author(s):  
Priyanka Bharadwaj ◽  
Surjeet Balhara
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Qos Routing ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Multimedia Services ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Hoc Networks

Background & Objective: There are some challenging issues such as providing Quality of Service (QoS), restricted usage of channels and shared bandwidth pertaining to ad-hoc networks in a dynamic topology. Hence, there is a requirement to support QoS for the application environment and multimedia services in ad-hoc networks with the fast growing and emerging development of information technology. Eventually, bandwidth is one of the key elements to be considered. Methods: Energy aware QoS routing protocol in an ad-hoc network is presented in this article. Results and Conclusion: The simulation results indicate that the improved protocol outperforms Adhoc On-Demand Distance Vector (AODV) routing protocol in terms of QoS metric such as throughput, packet delivery ratio, loss rate and average delay.

Performance Analysis of TCP Variants using AODV and DSDV Routing Protocols in MANETs

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajnesh Singh ◽  
Neeta Singh ◽  
Aarti Gautam Dinker
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Routing Protocols ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Packet Delivery Ratio ◽  
Transport Layer ◽  
Destination Node ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Packet Delivery ◽  
Two Measures ◽  
Hoc Networks

TCP is the most reliable transport layer protocol that provides reliable data delivery from source to destination node. TCP works well in wired networks but it is assumed that TCP is less preferred for ad-hoc networks. However, for application in ad-hoc networks, TCP can be modified to improve its performance. Various researchers have proposed improvised variants of TCP by only one or two measures. These one or two measures do not seem to be sufficient for proper analysis of improvised version of TCP. So, in this paper, the performance of different TCP versions is investigated with DSDV and AODV routing Protocols. We analyzed various performance measures such as throughput, delay, packet drop, packet delivery ratio and number of acknowledgements. The simulation results are carried out by varying number of nodes in network simulator tool NS2. It is observed that TCP Newreno achieved higher throughput and packet delivery ratio with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols.Whereas TCP Vegas achieved minimum delay and packet loss with both DSDV and AODV protocol. However TCP sack achieved minimum acknowledgment with both AODV and DSDV routing protocols. In this paper the comparison of all these TCP variants shows that TCP Newreno provides better performance with both AODV and DSDV protocols.

Adaptive beam nulling in multihop ad hoc networks against a jammer in motion

2016 ◽  
Vol 109 ◽  
pp. 50-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Bhunia ◽  
Vahid Behzadan ◽  
Paulo Alexandre Regis ◽  
Shamik Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Multihop Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Hoc Networks

scholarly journals Flying Ad Hoc Networks: A New Domain for Network Communications

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 3571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Guillen-Perez ◽  
Maria-Dolores Cano
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
Communication Links ◽  
Communication Devices ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
5 Ghz ◽  
The Impact

The advent of flying ad hoc networks (FANETs) has opened an opportunity to create new added-value services. Even though it is clear that these networks share common features with its predecessors, e.g., with mobile ad hoc networks and with vehicular ad hoc networks, there are several unique characteristics that make FANETs different. These distinctive features impose a series of guidelines to be considered for its successful deployment. Particularly, the use of FANETs for telecommunication services presents demanding challenges in terms of quality of service, energy efficiency, scalability, and adaptability. The proper use of models in research activities will undoubtedly assist to solve those challenges. Therefore, in this paper, we review mobility, positioning, and propagation models proposed for FANETs in the related scientific literature. A common limitation that affects these three topics is the lack of studies evaluating the influence that the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) may have in the on-board/embedded communication devices, usually just assuming isotropic or omnidirectional radiation patterns. For this reason, we also investigate in this work the radiation pattern of an 802.11 n/ac (WiFi) device embedded in a UAV working on both the 2.4 and 5 GHz bands. Our findings show that the impact of the UAV is not negligible, representing up to a 10 dB drop for some angles of the communication links.

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