scholarly journals Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dagnachew Muluye ◽  
Yitayih Wondimeneh ◽  
Yeshambel Belyhun ◽  
Feleke Moges ◽  
Mengistu Endris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Gondar University Hospital ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite and is a major opportunistic pathogen in immune-compromised hosts. This study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii and associated risk factors among people living with HIV. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was carried out among people living with HIV attending Gondar University Hospital. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic factors, and 10mL of venous blood was collected for anti-Toxoplasma antibody test and determination of CD4 levels. Serum was tested in duplicate for anti-Toxoplasma antibody using rapid slide agglutination test. Results. A total of 170 study subjects were enrolled in the study. Seroprevalence of T. gondii among the study participants was 76.5% (95% CI: 69.0–82.8). High proportions of seropositive individuals (64.7%) were found under the child bearing age groups. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of HIV monoinfected participants was cells/mm3 while coinfected study participants had mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of cells/mm3 with value of 0.01. Conclusion. The seroprevalence of T. gondii among people living with HIV was high. Cautious followup of HIV-positive patients is needed to prevent development of toxoplasmic encephalitis and other related complications.

scholarly journals Global status of Toxoplasma gondii infection and associated risk factors in people living with HIV

AIDS ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanie Safarpour ◽  
Muge Cevik ◽  
Mehdi Zarean ◽  
Aleksandra Barac ◽  
Kareem Hatam-Nahavandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Global Status ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Beyond biomarkers and towards functional outcomes for adult persons living with HIV. A cross sectional survey in Blantyre Urban, Malawi.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Derrick Manyozo ◽  
Nesto Tarimo ◽  
Gift Kawalazira ◽  
Adamson Sinjani Muula
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Categorical Variables ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mental Functions ◽  
Persons Living With Hiv ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Introduction Despite improvements in survival, reports indicate that people living with HIV are experiencing a range of physical, cognitive, mental and social health-related challenges associated with HIV, comorbidities and aging recently termed ‘disability’. Among adult persons living with HIV in Malawi, the prevalence of disability and associated risk factors are not known. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of impairments, activity limitations and associated risk factors among adults living with HIV in Blantyre urban, Malawi. Methods We conducted a quantitative cross sectional study among adult persons living with HIV in Blantyre urban from March to August 2018. Participants were recruited consecutively from 5 health centers. We used the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for data collection. Written informed consent was sourced from study participants, permission was granted at each study site and the study received ethics approval from the College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (COMREC). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables were summarized using means and standard deviation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess association between presence of disability and selected factors. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Of the 277 participants enrolled in the study, 225 (81%) were female and 52 (19%) were male. The mean age of participants was 37 years ( std. dev 9.5 ). Impairments in mental functions were the most prevalent affecting 118 (43%) study participants. Energy and drive (18%), memory (14%) and sleep (13%) were the most affected mental functions. Impairments in the mental functions, genital urinary, reproductive, digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems were associated with higher odds of disability among the participants. Conclusions Our results indicate a high prevalence of impairments among persons living with HIV. Clinicians and rehabilitation personnel need to be proactive in identifying and managing impairments to promote health among HIV patients.

scholarly journals Immunological and virological discordance among people living with HIV on highly active antiretroviral therapy in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Genet Gebrehiwet Hailu ◽  
Araya Gebreyesus Wasihun
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Treatment Adherence ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Northern Ethiopia ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Background People living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) with immuno-virological discordant responses are at an increased risk to develop acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and severe non AIDS events which are risk factors for death. This study was aimed to assess prevalence of immuno- virological discordant responses and associated risk factors among highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) users in Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. Methods A cross sectional study was conducted from September to December 30, 2016 on 260 people living with HIV who started first line HAART from January 2008 to March 2016 at Mekelle hospital and Ayder comprehensive specialized hospital. Baseline and follow-up clinical data and CD4+ result were collected from patient charts. Besides, socio-demographic data and blood samples for CD4 + count and viral load measurement were collected during data collection period. Fisher’s exact test, bivariate and multivariate logistic regressions were used for data analysis. P-value < 0.05 with 95% CI was considered as statistically significant. Result Among the 260 study participants, 8.80% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) =8.77–8.84%) and 2.70% (95% CI = 2.68–2.72%) had virological and immunological discordant responses, respectively with an overall immuno-virological discordance response of 11.50% (95% CI = 11.46–11.54%). The median age of the study participants at HAART initiation was 35 (IQR: 28–44 years). More than half (58.1%) of the study participants were females. Age at or below 35 years old at HAART initiation (AOR ((95% CI) = 4.25(1.48–12.23), p = 0.007)), male gender ((Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) (95% CI) =1.71(1.13–1.10), p = 0.029)), type of regimen given ((AOR(95% CI) = 0.30 (0.10–0.88), p = 0.028)) and good treatment adherence ((AOR (95% CI) = 0.12 (0.030–0.0.48), p = 0.003)) were associated risk factors for virological discordant response. Likewise, immunological discordant response was associated with tuberculosis co-infections (p = 0.016), hepatitis B virus co-infections (p = 0.05) and low CD4+ count (≤100 cells/μl) at baseline (p = 0.026). Conclusions Over all, immuno-virological discordance response was 11.5% in the study area. Males, low baseline CD4+ count, poor/fair treatment adherence, and TB and HBV co-infections were significantly associated with higher immuno-virological discordance. We recommend that decision of patient treatment outcome, regimen change and patient management response should be done using trends of both viral load and CD4+ count concurrently.

scholarly journals Predictors for tuberculosis co-infection in people living with HIV/AIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 995-1002
Author(s):  
Esra Zerdali ◽  
İnci Yılmaz Nakir ◽  
Serkan Sürme ◽  
Uğurcan Sayılı ◽  
Mustafa Yıldırım
Keyword(s):  
Viral Load ◽  
Lymphocyte Count ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Characteristic Analysis ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽  
Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Background/aim: Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the most common chronic infectious conditions causing mortality and se- vere outcomes, particularly in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). In this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence and predictors of TB among PLWHA. Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective and single-center study of adults (≥18 years) PLWHA registered at our tertiary teaching and research hospital between 2000 and 2016. Results: A total of 711 PLWHA were included. Of whom, 633 (89.0%) were male. Mean age was 36.53 ±11.55 years (range, 17-79). Thirty-eight (5.3%) patients were diagnosed with active TB. TB development was associated with low CD4+ lymphocyte count (p<0.001), high viral load (p=0.040) and alcohol consumption (p=0.004) but no association with age (p=0.392), gender (p=0.928) and duration since anti-retroviral therapy initiation (p=0.788) was found. Also, a receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that the area under the curves of CD4+ lymphocyte count as a predictor for TB development in PLWHA was 0.717 (p<0.001). Conclusion: There are still clinical challenges to predict TB diagnosis. However, CD4+ lymphocyte count and viral load may be considered as valuable predictors for TB development. Also, community strategies to reduce harmful effect of alco- hol use should be developed. Keywords: Tuberculosis; HIV viral load; CD4 cell counts.

scholarly journals Prevalence of HBV/HCV Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sevtap Senoglu ◽  
Zuhal Yesilbag ◽  
Hayat Kumbasar Karaosmanoglu ◽  
Ozlem Altuntas Aydin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Living With Hiv
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