Prevalence of HBV/HCV Co-Infection and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV

Abstract Introduction Despite improvements in survival, reports indicate that people living with HIV are experiencing a range of physical, cognitive, mental and social health-related challenges associated with HIV, comorbidities and aging recently termed ‘disability’. Among adult persons living with HIV in Malawi, the prevalence of disability and associated risk factors are not known. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of impairments, activity limitations and associated risk factors among adults living with HIV in Blantyre urban, Malawi. Methods We conducted a quantitative cross sectional study among adult persons living with HIV in Blantyre urban from March to August 2018. Participants were recruited consecutively from 5 health centers. We used the WHO’s International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) for data collection. Written informed consent was sourced from study participants, permission was granted at each study site and the study received ethics approval from the College of Medicine Research Ethics Committee (COMREC). Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables were summarized using means and standard deviation. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to assess association between presence of disability and selected factors. Odds ratios (OR) and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Results Of the 277 participants enrolled in the study, 225 (81%) were female and 52 (19%) were male. The mean age of participants was 37 years ( std. dev 9.5 ). Impairments in mental functions were the most prevalent affecting 118 (43%) study participants. Energy and drive (18%), memory (14%) and sleep (13%) were the most affected mental functions. Impairments in the mental functions, genital urinary, reproductive, digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems were associated with higher odds of disability among the participants. Conclusions Our results indicate a high prevalence of impairments among persons living with HIV. Clinicians and rehabilitation personnel need to be proactive in identifying and managing impairments to promote health among HIV patients.

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Frequency of falls and associated risk factors in people living with HIV

JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes ◽

10.1097/qai.0000000000002600 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol Publish Ahead of Print ◽

Author(s):

Arthur Tolentino ◽

Sávio Amaral ◽

Lucca S. Souza ◽

Diana Zeballos ◽

Carlos Brites

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Living With Hiv

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Burden of Insomnia and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV/AIDS in a Tertiary Hospital in Sub-Saharan Africa

AIDS Clinical Research & STDs ◽

10.24966/acrs-7370/100019 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Adekunle Olatayo Adeoti ◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Tertiary Hospital ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Living With Hiv ◽

Hiv Aids

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Cerebral Toxoplasmosis and Associated Risk Factors in People Living with HIV in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo

OALib ◽

10.4236/oalib.1108048 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 08 (10) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Eveline Amaela ◽

Aliocha Nkodila ◽

Ben Bepouka ◽

Mireille Longokolo ◽

Mandone Mandina ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Democratic Republic ◽

Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cerebral Toxoplasmosis ◽

Republic Of Congo ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Living With Hiv

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Anemia and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with Hiv in Dodoma Region, Central Tanzania

Trends Journal of Sciences Research ◽

10.31586/infectiousdiseases.0402.05 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 80-87

Author(s):

Yulitha Barnabas ◽

Pilly Machivya ◽

Sixbert I. Mkumbaye

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Living With Hiv

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Efficacy of metronidazole to prevent active pulmonary tuberculosis in people living with HIV/AIDS on highly active anti-retroviral therapy: a prospective cohort study

International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences ◽

10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20204865 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (11) ◽

pp. 3826

Author(s):

Ketut Suryana

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cohort Study ◽

Alcohol Consumption ◽

Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Prospective Cohort ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽

Highly Active ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Living With Hiv

Background: People living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) were more susceptible of Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis (APT) than non-PLWHA. Whether Metronidazole Preventive Therapy (MPT) may prevent APT, remain unclear. The objective of the study was to investigate efficacy of MPT and other associated risk factors of APT among PLWHA on Highly Active Anti Retroviral Therapy (HAART).Methods: A prospective cohort study included 182 PLWHA on HAART and asymptomatic tuberculosis (TB), 62 received MPT (first group) and 120 PLWHA did not receive MPT (second group). APT were diagnosed among the first group (4 participants) and the second group (26 participants). Monthly visit to replenish pills and to confirm APT. Efficacy of MPT to prevent APT, socio-demography and laboratory, were analyzed using Chi-square with significancy p<0.05.Results: Of 112 participants (62.20%) were males, 70 (37.80%) females, mean age (year) 37.31±9.83. Four (2.20%) of participants (first group) and 26 (14.47%) (second group) were confirmed APT (p=0.003). In bivariate analysis, sex (p=0.020), alcohol consumption (p=0.000); smoking (p=0.000), CD4 cell counts (<70 cell/µl) (p=0.001), previous history of TB (p=0.000) were the significant factors associated with APT. Participants who received MPT had a significantly lower risk of APT than participants who did not receive MPT (p=0.003). Other factors; weight, Hb, WBC, neutrophil, lymphocyte, Neutrophil Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) were not significantly associated with APT.Conclusions: We found, a significant protective effect of MPT, prevent APT. Other significant associated risk factors of APT were sex (male), smoking, alcohol consumption, previous TB history, lower CD4 counts.

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Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors among People Living with HIV at Gondar University Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia

ISRN Tropical Medicine ◽

10.1155/2013/123858 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 2013 ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Dagnachew Muluye ◽

Yitayih Wondimeneh ◽

Yeshambel Belyhun ◽

Feleke Moges ◽

Mengistu Endris ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

University Hospital ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Cd4 Lymphocyte Count ◽

Gondar University Hospital ◽

Cd4 Lymphocyte ◽

Associated Risk Factors ◽

Study Participants ◽

Living With Hiv

Background. Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite and is a major opportunistic pathogen in immune-compromised hosts. This study assessed the prevalence of T. gondii and associated risk factors among people living with HIV. Methods and Materials. A cross-sectional study was carried out among people living with HIV attending Gondar University Hospital. A structured and pretested questionnaire was used to collect sociodemographic factors, and 10mL of venous blood was collected for anti-Toxoplasma antibody test and determination of CD4 levels. Serum was tested in duplicate for anti-Toxoplasma antibody using rapid slide agglutination test. Results. A total of 170 study subjects were enrolled in the study. Seroprevalence of T. gondii among the study participants was 76.5% (95% CI: 69.0–82.8). High proportions of seropositive individuals (64.7%) were found under the child bearing age groups. The mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of HIV monoinfected participants was cells/mm3 while coinfected study participants had mean CD4+ lymphocyte count of cells/mm3 with value of 0.01. Conclusion. The seroprevalence of T. gondii among people living with HIV was high. Cautious followup of HIV-positive patients is needed to prevent development of toxoplasmic encephalitis and other related complications.

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