scholarly journals Simulation of Evacuation Characteristics Using a 2-Dimensional Cellular Automata Model for Pedestrian Dynamics

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liqiang Ji ◽  
Yongsheng Qian ◽  
Junwei Zeng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Dejie Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
High Density ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Repulsion Force ◽  
The People ◽  
Ca Model

In public places, the high pedestrian density is one of the direct causes leading to crowding and trample disaster, so it is very necessary to investigate the collective and evacuation characteristics for pedestrian movement. In the occupants’ evacuation process, the people-people interaction and the people-environment interaction are sufficiently considered in this paper, which have been divided into the exit attraction, the repulsion force between people, the friction between people, the repulsion force between human and barrier, and the attraction of surrounding people. Through analyzing the existing models, a new occupant evacuation cellular automata (CA) model based on the social force model is presented, which overcomes the shortage of the high density crowd simulation and combines the advantages that CA has sample rules and faster calculating speed. The simulating result shows a great applicability for evacuation under the high density crowd condition, and the segregation phenomena have also been found in the bidirectional pedestrian flow. Besides these, setting isolated belt near the exit or entrance of underpass not only remarkably decreases the density and the risk of tramper disaster but also increases the evacuation efficiency, so it provides a new idea for infrastructure design about the exits and entrances.

scholarly journals Disease contagion models coupled to crowd motion and mesh-free simulation

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Parveena Shamim Abdul Salam ◽  
Wolfgang Bock ◽  
Axel Klar ◽  
Sudarshan Tiwari
Keyword(s):  
Free Particle ◽  
Numerical Test ◽  
Particle Method ◽  
Coupled System ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Mesh Free ◽  
Crowd Motion

Modeling and simulation of disease spreading in pedestrian crowds have recently become a topic of increasing relevance. In this paper, we consider the influence of the crowd motion in a complex dynamical environment on the course of infection of the pedestrians. To model the pedestrian dynamics, we consider a kinetic equation for multi-group pedestrian flow based on a social force model coupled with an Eikonal equation. This model is coupled with a non-local SEIS contagion model for disease spread, where besides the description of local contacts, the influence of contact times has also been modeled. Hydrodynamic approximations of the coupled system are derived. Finally, simulations of the hydrodynamic model are carried out using a mesh-free particle method. Different numerical test cases are investigated, including uni- and bi-directional flow in a passage with and without obstacles.

scholarly journals QUICKEST PATHS IN SIMULATIONS OF PEDESTRIANS

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (05) ◽  
pp. 733-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
TOBIAS KRETZ ◽  
ANDREE GROßE ◽  
STEFAN HENGST ◽  
LUKAS KAUTZSCH ◽  
ANDREJ POHLMANN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Travel Time ◽  
Personal Space ◽  
Path Model ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Microscopic Simulation ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Model Element ◽  
Pedestrian Traffic

This contribution proposes a method to make agents in a microscopic simulation of pedestrian traffic walk approximately along a path of estimated minimal remaining travel time to their destination. Usually models of pedestrian dynamics are (implicitly) built on the assumption that pedestrians walk along the shortest path. Model elements formulated to make pedestrians locally avoid collisions and intrusion into personal space do not produce motion on quickest paths. Therefore a special model element is needed, if one wants to model and simulate pedestrians for whom travel time matters most (e.g. travelers in a station hall who are late for a train). Here such a model element is proposed, discussed and used within the Social Force Model.

scholarly journals Exploratory Study on the Simulated Police Force Allocation of Shopping Mall Emergency Based on AnyLogic Platform

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhanjun Ma ◽  
Xinting Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Police Officers ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Police Force ◽  
Shopping Mall ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Shopping Malls ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Security Personnel ◽  
Psychological Pressure

Due to the rapid development of society, public places, especially large shopping malls, are relatively frequent places for emergencies. Such emergencies not only seriously affect public security and property, but also bring great psychological pressure to citizens. Therefore, this study is of great significance for the exploration and study of public place emergencies.The research object of this study is the public shopping mall. Based on the AnyLogic simulation platform and guided by the relevant principles of social force model, this study utilize the pedestrian storehouse in the platform as the core module to build the simulation environment, and attempts to simulate the police force restraining effect on the overall event and the perpetrators after the occur of emergent incident under different police force allocations. In order to ensure the accuracy of the experimental data, the research team conducted field survey to estimate the average flow of people and the general data of the security personnel in shopping malls, also estimated the restrain and capture time after repeated experiments.The results indicate that increasing additional police force outside the shopping malls and pre-organizing reasonable patrol routes can obviously facilitate police officers to restrain perpetrators. Meanwhile, it is also clear that the Anylogic platform can effectively simulate pedestrian movement and interaction behaviour in emergencies.

scholarly journals Effects of Ticket-Checking Failure on Dynamics of Pedestrians at Multi-Exit Inspection Points with Various Layouts

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 846
Author(s):  
Meiying Jiang ◽  
Qibing Jin ◽  
Lisheng Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Automata ◽  
Risk Level ◽  
Pedestrian Flow ◽  
Average Delay ◽  
Public Places ◽  
Railway Stations ◽  
Cellular Automata Model ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics

It is of great significance to understand the dynamics and risk level of pedestrians at the multi-exit inspection points, since they are the bottlenecks of pedestrian flow leaving public places, such as subway and railway stations. Microscopic simulations were carried out with a cellular automata model to investigate the effects of ticket-checking failure on pedestrian dynamics when passing through the multi-exit inspection points with parallel, convex and concave layouts. It was found that although ticket-checking failure could reduce the passing efficiency, it also lowers the competitive level between pedestrians and enhances passing safety in the range of medium and high pedestrian density. The competitive level decreases when increasing the probability of ticket-checking failure and the corresponding delay. The probability of ticket-checking failure and the corresponding delay have equivalent effects on passing efficiency and safety, and can be integrated as average delay. A fitted equation was proposed for the dependence of passing efficiency and safety on average delay. With the existence of ticket-checking failure in reality, the concave layout of the multi-exit inspection points gives rise to a much lower competitive level compared with the parallel and convex ones, which would enhance the safety of pedestrians at the exits.

scholarly journals Some Indications on How to Calibrate the Social Force Model of Pedestrian Dynamics

2018 ◽  
Vol 2672 (20) ◽  
pp. 228-238 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tobias Kretz ◽  
Jochen Lohmiller ◽  
Peter Sukennik
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Density ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Clearance Time ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Walking Behavior ◽  
Calibration Process ◽  
Relevant Result ◽  
The Social

The social force model of pedestrian dynamics is formulated in such a way that (a) most of its parameters do not have an immediate interpretation in the sense that they cannot be measured directly, (b) often one single parameter has an impact on many aspects of walking behavior, and (c) a certain aspect of walking behavior results from the values of more than one parameter. This makes calibration difficult. The aim of this paper is to give practitioners an indication of how to proceed in the calibration process. For this purpose, by analytical transformations the parameters of the social force model are related to real properties that have a clear and immediate meaning and are also highly relevant result properties of a simulation: extent and clearance time of a queue, respectively maximum density, and capacity flow. The theory for this is presented, and thus this study offers a deeper understanding of the model including its theoretical aspects.

scholarly journals 3D Indoor Environment Abstraction for Crowd Simulations in Complex Buildings

Buildings ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 445
Author(s):  
Mitko Aleksandrov ◽  
David J. Heslop ◽  
Sisi Zlatanova
Keyword(s):  
Physical Structure ◽  
Force Model ◽  
Built Environments ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics ◽  
Building Model ◽  
Automatic Abstraction ◽  
Crowd Simulations ◽  
Building Information ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

This paper presents an approach for the automatic abstraction of built environments needed for pedestrian dynamics from any building configuration. The approach assesses the usability of navigation mesh to perform realistically pedestrian simulation considering the physical structure and pedestrian abilities for it. Several steps are examined including the creation of a navigation mesh, space subdivision, border extraction, height map identification, stairs classification and parametrisation, as well as pedestrian simulation. A social-force model is utilised to simulate the interactions between pedestrians and an environment. To perform quickly different 2D/3D geometrical queries various spatial indexing techniques are used, allowing fast identification of navigable spaces and proximity checks related to avoidance of people and obstacles in built environments. For example, for a moderate size building having eight floors and a net area of 13,000 m2, it takes only 104 s to extract the required building information to run a simulation. This approach can be used for any building configuration extracting automatically needed features to run pedestrian simulations. In this way, architects, urban planners, fire safety engineers, transport modellers and many other users without the need to manually interact with a building model can perform immediately crowd simulations.

scholarly journals Social force model for pedestrian dynamics

1995 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 4282-4286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dirk Helbing ◽  
Péter Molnár
Keyword(s):  
Force Model ◽  
Social Force ◽  
Social Force Model ◽  
Pedestrian Dynamics
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document